The Effect of Scours on Calf Weaning Weight

Beef cattle health and performance records of 3637 calves from inbred and outbred populations were evaluated to determine the effect of scours on weaning BW (WW). Animals were maintained under similar environmental conditions at the Northern Agricultural Research Center near Havre, Montana. Inbred animals were linebred Hereford cattle with an average inbreeding coefficient of 0.20. Outbred animals were Hereford, Angus × Hereford, Simmental × Hereford crosses and backcrosses, and Tarentaise × Hereford crosses and backcrosses. Weaning BW was analyzed by least squares ANOVA. Model included year, age of dam, line (inbred or outbred), scours, and date of birth as a covariate. When zero WW were included for calves that died of scours (1%), all main effects were important. The least squares mean WW were 208 and 217 kg for scouring and non-scouring groups, respectively. Interactions between year × age of dam (P < 0.01) and year × line (P < 0.01) were detected. Incidence of scours was analyzed by the CATMOD procedure of SAS. The model included year, age of dam, and line (inbred or outbred). All main effects were important (P < 0.01). Incidence of scours ranged from 13% in 1982 to 64% in 1991. Incidence of scours was greatest in calves born to 2-yr-old dams with probabilities of 47% and 33% in inbred and outbred dams, respectively. These results indicate that scours negatively influenced WW. Incidence of scours was greater in calves born to younger dams and for inbred cattle.     

黄犊牛腹泻与草料矿物质维生素含量的研究

淮北地区黄牛的饲草饲料中，钙、磷、铁、锌、硒、维生素E和维生素D含量的测定结果表明，各种饲草饲料中硒含量较低，均属低硒饲草饲料，且硒与维生素E呈正相关（r＝0.72），钙、磷比例严重失调，锌含量偏低。这一结果对探讨黄犊牛腹泻的病因有一定指导意义。     

犊牛常见疾病的防控

犊牛呼吸系统疾病及腹泻可导致犊牛生长发育缓慢,甚至死淘,是严重制约牧场可持续发展的重要原因之一。本文通过阐述犊牛呼吸系统疾病及肠炎发病的主要原因及常见的预防及治疗措施,为兽医在犊牛疾病防治上提供理论依据,并建议牧场给予犊牛更多的投入与付出,以增强犊牛抵抗力、提高犊牛福利,降低犊牛发病及死淘率。     

常见犊牛胃肠炎的预防和治疗

犊牛胃肠炎是犊牛的常见疾病,是犊牛胃肠黏膜及黏膜下深层组织的炎症病变,该病四季皆可发生,如果养殖户对饲养要求不严,饲养管理不当,极易发生此病,该病发生后随着病情的发展炎症由黏膜层逐步向黏膜下层,肌肉层,浆膜层发展,造成黏膜出血、水肿至到化脓坏死。形成功能性障碍和自体中毒症状,该病病势凶猛,死亡率高,如果发病会给养殖户带来极大的经济损失。     

口鼻污染引起犊牛腹泻的防范

新生犊牛腹泻发病率及死亡率较高,给牧场造成了严重的经济损失。新生犊牛口鼻污染是导致1～14日龄犊牛腹泻的主要诱发因素之一。从生产管理角度出发防控口鼻污染引发的犊牛腹泻是防止新生犊牛腹泻的关键措施。接助产的规范管理是防范该病的重要一环,产前准备、分娩过程的干预,新生犊牛的护理等环节的管理不当都可能引起新生犊牛口鼻污染引发的腹泻的发病率的升高。此外,犊牛舍和牧场的环境卫生管理、犊牛饮食管理和牧场工作人员管理等其他方面也可能导致该病的高发。本文将从这几个方面阐述如何防范新生犊牛口鼻污染。     

犊牛病毒性腹泻的发病机理与防控措施

犊牛腹泻是严重危害犊牛成长的常见病之一,治疗不及时可导致犊牛死亡和发育不良,给奶牛养殖业造成巨大的经济损失。临床上犊牛腹泻的发病原因主要有非感染性因素和感染性因素,感染性因素主要包括细菌性感染、病毒性感染和寄生虫感染。主要针对病毒性感染引起的犊牛腹泻的发病机理和防控措施进行了介绍,以期对奶牛养殖业的健康发展提供理论依据。     

Bio—MOS复合剂对仔猪大肠杆菌性下痢的防治

为了探索Ｂｉｏ－ＭＯＳ复合制（内含Ｂｉｏ－ＭＯＳ、氟哌酸或柠檬酸）对仔猪大肠杆菌性下痢的防治效果，进行了初生仔杜♂」１２０头（选自１５窝），随机分成４组。其中１个空白组３个处理组。各处理组分别口服ＭＯＳ商品制剂Ｂｉｓ－ＭＯＳ（美国Ａｌｌｔｅｃｈ公司生产），Ｂｉｏ－ＭＯＳ＋氟哌酸，Ｂｉｏ－ＭＯＳ＋５％柠檬酸，空白组则口服同体积的蒸馏水，试验期２８ｄ。结果表明，初生仔猪添加Ｂｉｏ－ＭＯＳ，可明显提高仔猪的日增重（Ｐ〈０．０５），降低腹泻发生率（Ｐ〈０．０５），而且Ｂｉｏ－ＭＯＳ与氟哌酸或柠檬酸配合使用对哺乳仔猪大肠杆菌性下痢的防治作用更佳。     

犊牛传染性肺炎病原分析及其防治

犊牛肺炎的发病率高居不下,与平时的饲养管理方式关系密切。其病原复杂多样,更是增加了预防和治疗困难．了解犊牛肺炎的病原及地方流行性、改善提高饲养管理模式能够有效降低犊牛传染性肺炎的发病率和死亡率．     

犊牛腹泻病因及其药物防治研究进展

犊牛腹泻（calf diarrhea）是危害犊牛最严重的疾病之一,明确犊牛腹泻病因及用药现状,对犊牛腹泻的防治及奶业健康可持续发展具重要的意义。作者对犊牛腹泻发病原因、药物防治现状及其存在问题进行了综述。     

犊牛传染性肺炎病原分析及其防治

犊牛肺炎的发病率高居不下,与平时的饲养管理方式关系密切.其病原复杂多样,更是增加了预防和治疗困难.了解犊牛肺炎的病原及地方流行性,改善提高饲养管理模式能够有效降低犊牛传染性肺炎的发病率和死亡率.     

新生犊牛关节炎诊断与防治的研究进展

新生犊牛关节炎是由大肠杆菌、化脓隐秘杆菌和支原体等病原微生物感染引起的以多发性关节炎为特征的疾病。该病好发于新生犊牛,成年牛偶有发病,淘汰率高,严重影响养奶牛业的健康发展。本文就犊牛关节炎的流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断方法及防治措施等方面的最新研究进展做一概述,旨在为新生犊牛关节炎的诊断与防治提供参考。     

几种药物对仔猪黄白痢的疗效对比

用 7种药物对仔猪黄白痢进行疗效对比试验 ,结果表明 ,泻痢停治愈率为 89 47%、氟哌酸为 88 89%、齐全一支灵为85 71%、重泻一针灵为 85 71%、庆大霉素为 73 68%、氯霉素为 70 5 8%、土霉素为 66 63 %。试验证明 :泻痢停、氟哌酸、齐全一支灵、重泻一针灵之间差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ,但与庆大霉素、氯霉素、土霉素之间比较差异显著 (P <0 0 1) ,说明一些新药对仔猪黄白痢疗效显著 ,而一些常规药因经常使用 ,病菌产生一定耐药性而效果不佳     

犊牛常见病防治技术的实践与探讨

犊牛年龄小,组织器官和身体机能未发育成熟,体温调节能力、抗病力差,容易染病,如巴氏杆菌病、大肠杆菌病、支原体肺炎、隐孢子虫病、犊新蛔虫病、球虫病等。诊疗服务实践证明,对犊牛巴氏杆菌病早期使用青霉素或磺胺类药物治疗,常发地区定期接种牛出血性败血症氢氧化铝菌苗;犊牛发生大肠杆菌病后,要及时补充体液、抑菌消炎;对犊牛支原体肺炎,要遵循早诊断、快隔离、早治疗的原则,选用恩诺沙星、泰乐菌素等敏感药物治疗;犊牛隐孢子虫病要及时隔离,对症治疗;治疗犊新蛔虫病的有效药物很多,可选择枸橼酸哌嗪、盐酸左旋咪唑、丙硫咪唑、伊维菌素等;规模化奶牛场治疗犊牛球虫病的最佳时机,应选在犊牛断奶混群后第3周,投服妥曲珠利有效。     

由沙门氏菌引起的犊牛腹泻病的实验室诊断及防治

为了探究山西某规模化奶牛场犊牛腹泻病的发病原因及相应的综合防治措施,本研究通过对该场犊牛腹泻病发病情况进行调查,同时对可疑病原轮状病毒、冠状病毒、大肠杆菌F5（K99）、小球隐孢子虫、沙门氏菌进行实验室检测,分离并培养了可疑病原菌,并对该病原菌进行形态学和血清学鉴定,选取18种常见抗生素,通过药敏试验筛选对该菌敏感的抗生素。结果显示,经临床诊断和实验室检测基本排除大肠杆菌F5（K99）、轮状病毒、冠状病毒、小球隐孢子虫和球虫感染的可能性,分离的可疑菌具有沙门氏菌的菌落特征和细菌形态,并与沙门氏菌O多价血清A-F呈现阳性反应,确诊该病原主要为沙门氏菌。药敏试验结果显示,所分离的沙门氏菌对头孢曲松、庆大霉素、头孢拉定、阿米卡星等药物高度敏感,可推荐用于临床治疗。结合以上结果,本研究提出该病的具体防治措施,并取得了较好的防治效果。本研究初步为犊牛腹泻病中沙门氏菌病的诊断和防治提供了参考,对犊牛腹泻病病原的早期诊断和治疗具有重要的临床意义。     

Experimental Diagnosis,Prevention and Treatment of Calf Diarrhea Caused by Salmonella

This study was aimed to explore the pathogenesis of calf diarrhea in a large scale dairy farm in Shanxi province and the correspond comprehensive prevention and control measures. By investigating the incidence of calf diarrhea in the field, rotavirus, coronavirus,E. coli F5 (K99),Cryptosporidium parvum, coccidia and Salmonella were detected through experimental diagnosis, and the suspicious pathogenic bacteria was isolated and cultivated,which was identified with morphology and serology, simultaneously sensitive antibiotics were screened according to the antibiotic susceptibility tests, which contained 18 kinds of common antibiotics. The results showed that the clinical diagnosis and laboratory tests basically ruled out the possibility of E. coli F5 (K99), rotavirus, coronavirus, Cryptosporidium parvumand coccidia infection, and the isolated suspected bacteria had Salmonella colony characteristics and bacterial morphology, which showed positive reaction to Salmonella O polyvalent A-F serum, so we had identified that it was Salmonella diarrhea.The antibiotic susceptibility tests results showed that Salmonella was highly sensitive to ceftriaxone, gentamicin, cephradine and amikacin, which could be recommended for clinical treatment. Above all, this study proposed the specific prevention and treatment of the disease, and better control effect was achieved. This study initially provided a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of Salmonella of calf diarrhea, with great clinical significance in the early diagnosis and treatment of pathogens of calf diarrhea.