坏死杆菌白细胞毒素作为腐蹄病亚单位疫苗候选抗原的研究前景

腐蹄病（foot rot）是侵害反刍动物趾间皮肤及深层软组织为主的,严重影响奶牛生产性能和产奶质量的一种常见疾病。由于传统的灭活菌苗具有免疫效果差、副反应严重及大量生产困难等缺点,使腐蹄病基因工程疫苗的研究成为热点。笔者对坏死杆菌白细胞毒素作为腐蹄病亚单位疫苗候选抗原研究的最新进展进行综述,希望为腐蹄病亚单位疫苗的研究提供参考。     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎重组亚单位疫苗诱导小鼠免疫保护效果的观察

重组表达猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌6种主要毒力因子基因:apxⅠ、apxⅡ、apxⅢ、apxⅣ、apfa和omp,以重组蛋白rApxⅠ、rApxⅡ、rApxⅢ和rOMP组合免疫小鼠作为试验I组,重组蛋白rApxⅠ、rApxⅡ、rApxⅢr、OMPr、ApxⅣ和rApfa组合免疫小鼠作为试验Ⅱ组,PBS为对照组,分3次免疫小鼠,采用背部皮下多点注射,每次间隔2周,免疫剂量为0.2 mL/只,3免后1周分别以APP1型菌Shope 4074株(5×109cfu)和APP2型菌S1536株(5×1010cfu)进行攻毒试验。通过小鼠保护率与抗体效价的相关性研究、肺部病理变化及肺脏细菌的分布情况等指标进行综合评价。结果显示,试验Ⅰ组4种重组蛋白特异性抗体水平显著高于其他两组(P<0.05),对APP1型菌攻毒的保护率(9/10)明显高于试验Ⅱ组(5/10)和对照组(0/8),小鼠的免疫保护率与抗体效价之间存在显著正相关;且该组对APP2型菌攻毒的保护作用(无肺脏损伤)也明显优于其它两组(典型肺部损伤)。间接免疫荧光试验表明试验Ⅰ组对肺脏细菌的清除效果也明显优于其他两组。本试验揭示试验Ⅰ组对不同血清型APP攻击能够提供很好的交叉保护作用,从而为猪传染性胸膜肺炎新型疫苗的研制提供参考。     

牛腐蹄病坏死梭杆菌H05菌株白细胞毒素基因的原核表达及其免疫活性分析

参考羊腐蹄病坏死梭杆菌白细胞毒素蛋白的抗原表位基因序列,利用DNAStar软件预测了牛腐蹄病坏死梭杆菌白细胞毒素蛋白的5个抗原表位区,设计5对在上游和下游含有特异性限制性内切酶的引物,以牛腐蹄病坏死梭杆菌H05菌株白细胞毒素基因阳性质粒pMD18-T-lkrA为模板,PCR扩增了预测的5个抗原表位区基因,分别命名为PL1、PL2、PL3、PL4和PL5,将其定向克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-6p-1和pPROEX HTa后转化E.coli BL21(DE3),37℃条件下,用IPTG诱导表达,结果PL1、PL2、PL4和PL5在pGEX-6p-1中获得了表达,而PL3在pPROEX HTa中获得了表达。Westem blot试验结果表明,牛腐蹄病坏死梭杆菌H05菌株白细胞毒素蛋白5个抗原表位区的重组蛋白PL1、PL2、PL3、PL4和PL5均与坏死梭杆菌多克隆血清反应。     

鸡新城疫病毒HN基因亚单位疫苗诱导免疫保护的实验研究

实验分别将应用Bac to Bac系统表达的新城疫病毒四平株和长春株血凝素-神经氨酸酶基因（HN基因）蛋白的重组杆状病毒感染Sf-9昆虫细胞后28℃培养72h后，洗涤、收集昆虫细胞，离心浓缩，-20℃冻融3次，用HA-HI实验和HN单抗中和试验测定表达产物的活性，将表达的重组蛋白作为亚单位疫苗免疫鸡，用间接ELISA和HI试验测定鸡体内抗体效价，免疫后第15d用国家标准强毒NDVF48E8攻毒，统计免疫保护率，结果表明，表达的NDVHN重组蛋白能够诱导鸡体产生抗NDV特异性IgG抗体和HI抗体，实验Ⅰ组（四平株）雏鸡保护率为65%，实验Ⅱ组（长春株）雏鸡保护率为100%。     

PCV2-HPS二联亚单位疫苗对小鼠免疫保护效果的评价

为评价猪圆环病毒2型-副猪嗜血杆菌二联亚单位疫苗(以下简称二联苗)对小鼠的免疫保护效果,本研究将猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2) cap基因克隆至p MAL-c5X载体中,并通过原核系统表达了重组Cap蛋白(rCap)。通过western blot检测显示原核表达的r Cap与PCV2单克隆抗体发生特异性结合,表明r Cap具有良好的反应原性。利用本研究室已经纯化并保存的副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)重组蛋白r Cdt B、r Afua和r OPPA,与r Cap蛋白以及佐剂ISA201VG混合乳化后制成PCV2-HPS二联亚单位疫苗,疫苗中各蛋白(rCdtB、r Afua、r OPPA、r Cap)浓度均为50μg/300μL。将60只6周龄BALB/c小鼠随机均分成免疫组和对照组,采用背部多点注射方式免疫,首免后间隔14 d二免。一免后以及二免后的14 d分别通过颌下采血方法采血,通过间接ELISA方法检测各组小鼠血清中的特异性抗体,结果显示,二免后14 d,免疫组小鼠血清中CdtB、OPPA、Afua抗体水平分别与PBS+ISA201VG对照组和免疫之前比较均极显著提高(P<0.0001...     

猪链球菌-副猪嗜血杆菌二联亚单位疫苗在小鼠的免疫效力分析

本研究旨在开发一种用于防制猪链球菌病和副猪嗜血杆菌病的新型二联基因工程疫苗,并对其免疫效应进行评价.选择猪链球菌2型蛋白溶血素SLY、HP0197和副猪嗜血杆菌外膜蛋白D15和HPS06257 4种蛋白,重组表达并纯化,添加一定比例的佐剂制成含有不同组分的亚单位疫苗.研究表明该二联亚单位疫苗及各单苗能够引起小鼠良好的体液免疫,并能保护机体分别抵抗致死剂量猪链球菌2型(SS2)和副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)强毒株的攻击.此外,调理吞噬试验表明疫苗高免血清能够有效杀死细菌,并赋予机体被动抵抗SS2和HPS感染的能力.研究证实制备的猪链球菌-副猪嗜血杆菌二联亚单位疫苗在小鼠具备良好的免疫保护效力.     

禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48—1成熟外膜蛋白H重组亚单位疫苗免疫效果的研究

将融合表达禽多杀性巴氏杆菌成熟外膜蛋白H（OmpmH）的重组菌pGEX—ompmH／BL21大量培养，在最佳诱导条件下诱导表达，表达产物经蛋白酶剪切及亲和层析纯化，得到OmpmH基因的原核表达产物，将其与弗氏完全佐剂混合制成油乳剂亚单位疫苗，用该疫苗肌肉注射接种5周龄鸡，首免后每周采血检测抗体，二免后第2周用10LD50禽多杀性巴氏杆菌强毒菌株C48-1进行攻击。结果显示，OmpmH具有良好的免疫原性，能诱导鸡体产生特异性抗体，可抵抗强毒菌株C48-1的致死性攻击，免疫效果优于禽多杀性巴氏杆菌弱毒疫苗。     

3种不同类型佐剂的猪瘟E2基因工程亚单位疫苗免疫效果的比较研究

为了筛选用于制备猪瘟E2基因工程亚单位疫苗的佐剂,用水佐剂、双相佐剂以及油包水佐剂分别制备了 3种猪瘟E2基因工程亚单位疫苗,在猪上进行了免疫效果的评价.本试验选取4～5周龄猪瘟病毒病原、抗体阴性猪40头,随机分为8组,每组5头,其中3组用于3种不同佐剂制备的亚单位疫苗的单次免疫效果评价,3组用于疫苗的二次加强免疫效果...     

Immunogenicity and protective effects of truncated recombinant leukotoxin proteins of Fusobacterium necrophorum in mice

Fusobacterium necrophorum, a gram-negative, anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, is generally an opportunistic pathogen and causes a wide variety of necrotic infections in animals and humans. Leukotoxin, a secreted protein, is a major virulence factor. The gene encoding the leukotoxin (lktA) in F. necrophorum has been cloned, sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. Because of low expression levels, problems associated with purifying full-length recombinant protein, and of the physical instability of the protein, five overlapping leukotoxin gene truncations were constructed. The recombinant polypeptides (BSBSE, SX, GAS, SH, and FINAL) were expressed in E. coli and purified by nickel-affinity chromatography. The objectives were to investigate the effectiveness of the purified truncated polypeptides to induce protective immunity in mice challenged with F. necrophorum. The polypeptides, individually or in combination, and inactivated native leukotoxin or culture supernatant of F. necrophorum were homogenized with an adjuvant and injected into mice on days 0 and 21. Blood samples were collected to measure serum anti-leukotoxin antibody titers on days 0, 21 and 42 and on day 42, mice were experimentally challenged with F. necrophorum. All polypeptides were immunogenic, with GAS polypeptide eliciting the least antibody response. Two polypeptides (BSBSE and SH) induced significant protection in mice against F. necrophorum infection. Protection was better than the full-length native leukotoxin or inactivated supernatant.The study demonstrated that the leukotoxin of F. necrophorum carries epitopes that induce protective immunity against experimental fusobacterial infection, thus providing further evidence to the importance of leukotoxin as a major virulence factor.     

Fusobacterium necrophorum and Bacteroides melaninogenicus as etiologic agents of foot rot in cattle.

Fusobacterium necrophorum (Sphaerophorus necrophorus) and Bacteroides melaninogenicus were the predominant bacteria isolated from biopsy specimens of lesions in cattle affected with foot rot. Mixed inoculums of the 2 bacteria, applied to the scarified interdigital skin or inoculated intradermally into the interdigital skin of test cattle, induced typical lesions of foot rot. Both bacteria were reisolated in large numbers from the induced lesions.     

Immunization of mice against Fusobacterium necrophorum infection by perenteral or oral administration of vaccine

Immunization of mice against Fusobacterium necrophorum infection was attempted by using 3 vaccination procedures: (1) intraperitoneal (IP) injection of F necrophorum cells in saline solution, (2) IP injection of cells with added aluminum hydroxide adjuvant, and (3) feeding of a powdered mouse diet containing lyophilized cells. One or 2 weekly IP injections of the bacteria cells (in saline solution) for 3, 6, or 12 weeks resulted in protection of 48.7% to 64.5% of the mice against challenge exposure. Of the 2 control groups (given saline solution only), 100% and 97.4% became infected. Weekly IP injections of bacterial cells in an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant for 3, 6, or 12 weeks resulted in protectivity of 54.1% to 77.5%. Of the control mice (given adjuvant only), 97.5% became infected. Bacterial cells fed to mice at a dose level of 1.5 mg (dry weight)/g of powdered diet for 30 days (4 or 5g of diet each day) resulted in only a delay in the mean time of death as compared with the rapid death of the control mice. The feeding dose of 0.15 mg of cells/g of diet did not delay the mean time of death.     

Pathogenicity of Fusobacterium necrophorum biovar C in mice by intraperitoneal and intraportal injections

Three strains of Fusobacterium necrophorum biovar C were injected into mice intraperitoneally and intraportally. All the mice survived. In one mouse out of 15 mice injected intraperitoneally, a few focal abscesses were formed in the liver. The microorganisms were recovered from the liver abscess and the tissue of liver with abscess. No changes were observed in the organs of other 14 mice and no bacteria were recovered from them. In the 15 mice injected intraportally, no liver abscesses and no macroscopic changes in the organs were formed. However, the inoculated bacteria were recovered from the liver of four mice. The pathogenicity of F. necrophorum biovar C was weaker than that of other two biovars.     

Efficacy of amoxicillin trihydrate for the treatment of experimentally induced foot rot in cattle

Twenty holstein heifers were intradermally inoculated in the interdigital skin with a suspension containing Fusobacterium necrophorum and Bacteroides melaninogenicus to induce acute foot rot. Lesions, lameness, and swelling were evaluated during the study, using a subjective scoring system. Rectal temperature, species and number of bacteria isolated, and change in body weight were monitored throughout the study. Ten heifers (treated) were given amoxicillin trihydrate (10 mg/kg of body weight, IM) for 5 days, beginning at the onset of lameness. The remaining 10 heifers (controls) were given physiologic saline solution IM. Treated heifers had less severe lesions and greater weight gain than did control heifers. Rectal temperatures of treated heifers did not differ significantly from those of control heifers. It was concluded that administration of amoxicillin trihydrate early in the course of acute foot rot may reduce the severity of lesions associated with foot rot in cattle.     

The role of Fusobacterium necrophorum and Bacteroides melaninogenicus in the aetiology of interdigital necrobacillosis in cattle

When cultures of known pathogenic strains of Fusobacterium necrophorum, isolated either from cattle or sheep were injected through the interdigital skin of cattle typical lesions of interdigital necrobacillosis were produced. The inclusion of Bacteroides melaninogenicus in the inoculum did not appear to contribute to the development of lesions.