潮土长期施用生物炭提高小麦产量及氮素利用率

该文于2011年起在黄淮海典型潮土区建立的秸秆炭化还田定位试验的基础上,系统观测了2011至2017年时间段秸秆生物炭连续施用下小麦生长及氮吸收情况,分析了产量构成因素,地上干物质及氮累积,关键生育期叶面积指数(LAI)、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)和群体数量等与小麦增产的关系,并监测了长期生物炭施用下土壤有机碳(SOC)与全氮(TN)含量的变化。该试验采用小麦/玉米周年轮作,设每季0、2.25、6.75和11.25 t/hm2四个秸秆生物炭处理(分别表示为BC0(对照)、BC2.25(低)、BC6.75(中)和BC11.25(高))。结果表明,与BC0相比,BC2.25仅在2015/2016季提高小麦产量,对其他5季无明显效果;BC6.75则在2014/2015、2015/2016和2016/2017的后3季显著提高小麦产量;而BC11.25提高了2014/2015和2015/2016季小麦产量。尽管生物炭处理对各季小麦产量影响各异,但6季各处理平均产量数据显示低、中、高量生物炭处理均可提高小麦产量7.0%~8.5%、生物量5.2%~10.8%和氮肥偏生产力6.8%~8.6%,且3个处理间并无差异;中、高量生物炭处理还可提高小麦秸秆产量11.4%~12.6%、穗数10.1%~11.2%、籽粒氮积累量9.4%~11.2%、秸秆氮积累量17.4%~23.8%、地上部氮积累量13.3%~20.9%。生物炭施用在促进小麦生长和氮吸收利用的作用方面与其增加小麦生育期LAI和SPAD值一致,具体表现为低、中、高量生物炭处理均可明显增加2015/2016和2016/2017两季小麦主要生育期群体数量以及增加两季拔节期、抽穗期SPAD值和LAI值。3个生物炭处理对提高2011/2012土壤SOC含量和2011—2014年土壤TN含量无明显效果,中、高量生物炭处理可增加2012—2017年土壤SOC含量32.6%~215.6%和2014—2017年土壤TN含量20.0%~36.8%。研究表明,合理施用生物炭能够促进黄淮区潮土农田冬小麦籽粒产量和氮肥偏生产力以及促进小麦生长和地上部氮素吸收,进而起到提高土壤肥力和增加土壤固碳的作用。     

堆肥与化肥配施对甘肃河西内陆灌区玉米生长及产量的影响

研究了堆肥与化肥配施对甘肃河西内陆灌区玉米生长及产量的影响。结果表明,堆肥与化肥配施玉米农田中全年光能利用率以处理7(堆肥60 000 kg/hm2+磷二铵210 kg/hm2)最高,为0.884%;玉米水分利用率、经济产量、生物产量和经济总收入均以处理7最高,其中,经济产量水分利用效率为46.85 kg/mm,生物产量水分利用效率为85.72 kg/mm,经济产量为17 280.99 kg/hm2,生物产量为30 886.09 kg/hm2,经济总收入为35 922.5元/hm2。     

生物炭与氮肥配施对土壤肥力及红枣产量、品质的影响

【目的】通过连续三年 (2013～2015 年) 田间试验,研究了生物炭与氮肥配施对华北平原枣区潮土土壤肥力及作物产量品质的影响,为华北平原枣区高效施肥和提高红枣产量品质及可持续发展提供理论依据。 【方法】以河南省濮阳市林科院田间试验为研究平台,15 年生扁核酸枣为供试材料,设置生物炭用量 4 个水平 (C₀、C₁、C₂、C₃,即 C 0、2.5、5、10 t/hm2)、氮肥用量 3 个水平 (N₁、N₂、N₃,即 N 300、450、600 kg/hm2),采用“4 × 3”完全方案设计,加上完全空白处理 CK (不施生物炭和氮肥),共计 13 个处理。在 9 月底红枣采收后,采集新鲜红枣测定其产量及品质,同时取 0—20 cm 土壤样品测定不同处理的土壤肥力。 【结果】1) 生物炭与氮肥配合施用,显著提高了土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾的含量。同时也提高了土壤中速效氮、磷、钾的养分含量。土壤养分含量随着生物炭施用量的增加而增加。其中全氮和速效磷养分含量以 C₃N₃ 处理最高,与对照相比,分别增加了 80.28% 和 32.82%,全钾和全磷养分含量以 C₃N₁ 处理增加幅度最大,增幅分别为 55.3% 和 27.9%;C₃N₂ 处理的速效氮和速效钾含量最高,分别增加了 68.0% 和 41.0%。此外,培肥措施显著降低了土壤容重,C₃N₃ 处理的土壤容重最低,为 1.22 g/cm3,降低了 15.86%。2) 生物炭与氮肥配施总体上提高了红枣的总糖、维生素 C、可溶性固形物、蛋白质及氨基酸的含量,但仅氨基酸含量达到显著差异 (P < 0.05),其中C₃N₁处理较对照增加100%。3) 不同施肥处理提高了扁核酸红枣的产量,较对照提高 4.5%～26.9%,其中 C₃N₁ 处理增产效果最明显。 【结论】生物炭与氮肥配合施用,对华北平原枣区的土壤养分吸收、土壤质量和红枣产量及品质起到了积极作用,可作为改善该枣区红枣生产力和土壤肥力的一种有效措施。生物炭施入土壤后,提高土壤肥力的同时也可以减少化肥的投入。生物炭10 t/hm2配施,氮肥300 kg/hm2为该试验区最佳施肥量。     

Biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer affects soil properties and wheat yield in medium-low-yield farmland

Biochar combined with fertilizer as a soil amendment benefits to improving soil fertility, especially soil organic carbon and crop yield. However, the effect of biochar on the improvement of soil properties and crop yield was varied from soil properties and limited for medium–low-yield farmland in the North China. During the completely randomized field experiment, SIX treatments (biochar applied as 0, 15 and 30 t·ha^-1, under 240 and 300 kg N ha^-1 nitrogen fertilizer) were applied in wheat season and examined to reveal changes in the SOC and other properties of 0- to 10-cm and 10- to 20-cm soil layers. The results showed that two years after the application of biochar, a significant increase in the SOC was observed, ranging from 19.52% to 97.50% (p < 0.05) in the 0- to 20-cm soil layer. Wheat yield and SOC content increased with increasing amount of biochar applied under the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer. The content of soil available potassium increased significantly under 30 t·ha^-1 biochar application (p < 0.05). Both biochar and nitrogen fertilizer application could increase wheat yield, and the effect of biochar application for increasing wheat yield was better than that of nitrogen fertilizer. Wheat yield and SOC content increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer at the same amount of biochar application. The principal component analysis results showed that biochar input, SOC, available potassium and total nitrogen were the key factors affecting wheat yield. Biochar application is a fast and effective measure to improve SOC and wheat yield in medium- and low-yield farmlands.     

生物炭与菜籽饼配施对土壤养分及烟叶产质量的影响

为寻求陕南烟田适宜的土壤改良技术,采用生物炭与菜籽饼二元配比试验,研究其对土壤矿质养分及烟叶品质与产量的影响。研究结果表明:生物炭与菜籽饼均有利于提高土壤矿质养分含量,且以混合施用效果更显著。生物炭与菜籽饼能有效促进烤烟生长,改善烤烟农艺性状,增加上、中部烟叶面积且随菜籽饼施用量的增加叶面积呈现增大的趋势。上等烟和中上等烟比率随生物炭施用量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势;而产量与产值则随菜籽饼用量的增加表现出增大的趋势。生物炭和菜籽饼及二者交互对烤烟化学品质提升效果显著,能有效提高烤烟全氮、烟碱、钾及总糖和还原糖含量,降低烤后烟叶淀粉水平。综合分析,在陕西安康市旬阳地区推荐生物炭与菜籽饼配比为生物炭750 kg/hm2+菜籽饼750 kg/hm2。     

施用启动肥对土壤特性、玉米生长及产量的影响

研究了滴灌条件下施用启动肥对石灰性土壤特性和玉米产量的影响.供试玉米品种为新玉109号,在全生育期等磷量下,设置了启动肥不同用量[0 kg·hm-2(CF,对照)、45 kg·hm-2(SF3.0)、90 kg·hm-2(SF6.0)、135 kg·hm-2(SF9.0)]的田间试验,研究启动肥施用量对土壤特性、玉米产...     

Biochar combined with magnesium fertilizer improves cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L.) yield by modulating physicochemical characteristics and the bacterial community in acidic soil

Biochar and magnesium (Mg) fertilizers have gained increasing attention in agriculture for their potential benefits. However, their combined effects on vegetable growth in southern acidic soils have not been fully elucidated. To address this issue, a study was conducted with six treatments all of which included a baseline amount of compound fertilizer (CK), an increased amount of compound fertilizer (F), Mg fertilizer (M), biochar (BC), biochar combined with Mg (BCM) and an increased amount of compound F with Mg (FM), to investigate their synergistic effects on soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activity, microorganisms and cabbage yield. The results of the study showed that compared with CK, the M, BC and BCM treatments all increased soil organic matter (SOM), exchangeable magnesium (Ex-Mg), acid phosphatase (ACP) and yield, while the F treatment led to a 5% decrease in SOM. The BCM treatment significantly increased SOM, Ex-Mg, ACP by 14%, 40%, and 25%, respectively. The most abundant phyla in BCM processing were Proteobacteria (21%), Chloroflexi (19%) and Actinomycetes (17%); the most abundant genera were Bacillus (8%). Further, the effect of BCM on crop growth promotion was better than that of FM, and the economic analysis showed that compared with FM, the benefit of BCM increased by 14%. Through structural equation modelling analysis, the synergistic increase in yield was because of the increase in soil TP, Ex-Mg, NO₃⁻–N and β-GC caused by BCM, improving soil nutrients and microbial communities, thereby promoting cabbage growth. Therefore, the combined application of biochar and Mg in acidic soil could significantly improve soil fertility and crop productivity, while also reducing the need for costly chemical fertilizers, thereby offering a promising and cost-effective approach for sustainable agriculture.     

化肥单施及生物炭与化肥配施对土壤物理性质、大豆形态学指标及产量影响

在现代化低碳农业的背景下,研究了土壤物理性质、大豆植株形态学指标(迪克森质量指标)与收获产量对推荐施肥(NPK)及生物炭和推荐施肥(NPK)配施的响应程度。结果表明,与化肥单施(T1)处理相比,生物炭与化肥混施(T2、T3和T4)处理土壤容重均有不同程度降低,降幅为3.1%~10.2%;大豆茎长、茎重和根长均大于化肥单施T1处理,而根重则无明显规律。与化肥单施T1处理相比,T2、T3、T4处理增产幅度依次在4.8%~12.1%之间,生物炭施用量与产量增幅成正比;迪克森质量指标范围在7.79~9.71之间,与产量间相关关系可以用一元二次方程表示,决定系数为0.98。说明迪克森质量指标一定程度上可以表征作物长势,研究结果可为评价不同施肥管理措施下的大豆最终产量和生长过程中植株形态的环境相应的相关性提供理论依据。     

腐植酸肥与菌肥配施对果园土壤性质及葡萄产量、品质的影响

旨在探讨不同腐植酸肥和菌肥配施对"克瑞森"葡萄产量和品质的影响,为葡萄园的科学合理施肥提供可靠的依据。研究了两种不同腐植酸肥和菌肥在5种梯度配比下对葡萄产量和品质及果园土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:1)不同腐植酸肥和复合微生物菌剂配施提高了土壤有机质含量,降低了土壤p H值,增加了土壤中有效养分含量;2)腐植酸肥处理"克瑞森"葡萄果实糖酸比较对照高,果面色泽鲜红,且糖酸比越大,果面色泽越暗且红色越深;3)施用腐植酸肥和菌肥处理葡萄单果重普遍偏高,产量也较高;尤其T5处理,从单粒重、穗重、产量上来看都明显高于其他处理,且果实含糖量能达到23.2%,糖酸比26.4∶1,与其他处理之间差异显著。综合上述结果,采用腐植酸肥和复合微生物菌剂混合处理可得到较高的产量和良好的果实品质,可考虑大范围推广。     

The effect of winery solid waste compost application on maize growth,biomass yield,and nutrient content under greenhouse conditions

A greenhouse study was conducted to assess the fertilizer value and determine the optimum application rate of five winery solid waste (WSW) composts containing varied filter material (FM) mixed proportions with grape marc and pruning canes using maize. The composts comprised of 4, 10, 20, 30, and 40% FM (w/w) designated C4FM, C10FM, C20FM, C30FM, and C40FM, respectively. Application rates of 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 t ha^?1 were used; while unamended control and inorganic NPK fertilizer treatments were included as references. The results showed that application of composts with 20% FM or more at 80 t ha^?1 significantly increased the dry matter yield more than NPK fertilizer but full potential was not reached due to inadequate nitrogen supply. Maize shoot K content from compost treatments exceeded the critical nutrient level while the shoot Zn content from compost treatments with 20% FM or less also exceeded the critical level. The results revealed that these composts could serve as potential good sources of K and Zn for maize production, particularly, in sandy soils where these nutrients are often reported to be deficient. Quantitative estimate of the optimum rate of the composts for dry matter production ranged from 75 to 307 t ha^?1.     

减氮结合覆盖对旱地冬小麦花后生理性状及产量的影响

在渭北旱塬雨养农作条件下,结合当地氮肥施用过量的现状,于2012~2016年4个冬小麦种植季度,以无氮裸播为对照,研究了减氮结合覆盖(农户模式,农户减氮,垄覆沟播,全膜穴播,秸秆覆盖)对旱地冬小麦花后生理性状及产量的影响。结果表明:减氮结合覆盖较农户模式并不一定会降低小麦产量,其中全膜穴播连续3年增产分别高达175、725和1 022 kg/hm~2。叶绿素相对含量SPAD值随氮肥施用量的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,而氮肥对冬小麦花期旗叶光合速率的影响虽未达到显著水平,但施氮也促进了光合速率的提升,其中覆盖处理对SPAD值及光合速率有一定的负效应。另外,过量施氮与不同覆盖处理的花期根系活力较农户减氮显著降低了30.6%~38.5%。开花期旗叶硝酸还原酶活性不仅随着施氮量的增加而提高,也对除垄覆沟播外的其它覆盖处理有显著正效应,其中全膜穴播与秸秆覆盖处理较农户减氮分别提高了4.2%和5.8%。     

Synergetic use of biochar and synthetic nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers to improves maize productivity and nutrient retention in loamy soil

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the effect of biochar on maize production and nutrient retention with recommended full and half dose of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrition in loamy soil. In the first study, maize was grown in pots with four levels of biochar (0, 2, 4, and 6?t?ha^?1) under two levels of NP fertilizer, viz. recommended (200–150?kg?NP?ha^?1) and it’s half (100–75?kg?NP?ha^?1) dose. The prominent improvement in plant roots traits, leaf area, plant growth, morphological and yield-related parameters were observed with addition of biochar at 2 and 4?t?ha^?1; while, plant height, number of grains per cob, grains and biological yield decreased with biochar addition 6?t?ha^?1 along with full dose of NP nutrition. In subsequent field studies, two levels of biochar along with control (0, 2, 4?t?ha^?1) were investigated. The more improvement in root growth, leaf area and crop growth was observed when biochar was applied at 2?t?ha^?1 with full NP nutrition. Biochar application at 2?t?ha^?1 with full NP nutrition produced the highest grain yield (6.64?t?ha^?1); however, biochar addition (2?t?ha^?1) with half NP nutrition resulted in better grain yield than full dose of NP to enhance maize production as compared with full dose of NP without biochar. Therefore, biochar addition (2?t?ha^?1) with half-recommended dose of NP prominently improved the maize productivity in loamy soil and serve as better in replacement of full dose of NP fertilizer.     

白浆土型水稻土施硅肥对水稻产量及品质的影响

采用田间试验,研究了在白浆土型水稻土上不同硅肥施用量对水稻产量和品质的影响.结果表明,白浆土型水稻土上最佳的硅肥施用量为600kg/hm2,增产8.43%.随着施肥量的增加,穗数、穗粒数均表现出增加的趋势,以施用量450一750 kg/hm2效果较明显.施用硅肥后,稻米的糙米率提高的幅度不大,以600 kg/hm2处理为最大,比对照高出0.34%,而精米率和整精米率比对照高0.36%和3.37%;垩白度、垩白率均以150 kg/hm2处理为最小,分别比对照低8.89% 1.91%;胶稠度和蛋白质含量均以450 kg/hm2处理为最高,分别比对照高3.49%和16%.     

土壤地力和长期施肥对潮土区小麦和玉米产量演变趋势的影响

为潮土区合理施肥管理提供依据,对32个长期定位点、24年（1987～2010）不施肥和化肥配施秸秆（农民常规施肥）处理的小麦和玉米产量及其与土壤地力和施肥量间的关系进行了分析。结果表明:潮土区土壤地力对小麦和玉米产量的平均贡献率分别为51.4%和54.0%,变异系数分别为39.0%和41.2%。不施肥处理小麦和玉米产量每年分别下降4.1 kg/hm2和96.6 kg/hm2;常规施肥处理的小麦和玉米每年分别增产61.5 kg/hm2和26.8 kg/hm2。施化肥量与作物增产量（常规施肥产量－不施肥产量）呈显著正相关。通过通径分析进一步证明,施氮量对小麦产量具有显著直接作用。同时,磷肥对提高小麦和玉米的产量具有重要作用。总之,在农民习惯耕作施肥管理水平下,潮土区不施肥处理的产量下降缓慢（含品种对产量的贡献）,常规施肥区产量表现出缓慢增加的趋势。     

生物炭对云南典型植烟土壤持水性及烤烟产量的影响

为解决季节性干旱导致云南省烤烟减产的问题,开展了烟秆生物炭改善云南典型植烟土壤持水性的研究,进而为生物炭在烟叶生产中的推广应用提供依据。通过盆栽试验研究了穴施不同用量生物炭(0%、1%、4%、7%、11%干土重)对黄红壤(YR)、黄棕壤(YB)、赤红壤(LR)、水稻土(PD)和紫色土(PE)5种典型植烟土壤持水性的影响。结果表明:施用生物炭显著提升5种土壤持水性,一次浇水周期较对照延长1~5 d,对烤烟产量的影响因土壤类型而异。其中,1%~11%范围内,YR土壤持水性随着生物炭用量增加而降低,施用生物炭1%土壤持水性最好,与对照相比,烤烟生育期总补水量显著降低59.5%,土壤含水量平均下降速度显著下降50.4%,水分利用效率显著提高32.3%。但施用生物炭导致烤烟最高减产37.9%。YB土壤持水性随着生物炭用量增加呈升高趋势,施用生物炭11%最好,相比对照,烤烟生育期总补水量显著降低41.3%,水分利用效率显著提高93.3%,产量无显著提高。随着生物炭用量增加,LR土壤持水性先增加后降低,施用生物炭4%效果最好,烤烟产量和水分利用效率分别较对照显著提高46.2%和68.8%。随着生物炭用量增加,PD和PE的土壤持水性及烤烟产量呈现先增加后降低趋势,施用生物炭7%效果最佳,与对照相比,烤烟产量分别显著提高17.0%和55.6%,总补水量分别显著降低40.3%和26.8%,土壤含水量平均下降速度分别显著降低37.4%和36.5%,水分利用效率分别显著提高94.4%和121.7%。烟秆生物炭对于云南典型植烟土壤的保水效果明显,其最佳施用量视土壤类型而异。     

长期施氮、磷、钾化肥对玉米产量及土壤肥力的影响

以1990年建立的国家褐潮土土壤肥力与肥料效益长期监测基地(北京昌平站)的长期肥料定位试验为研究平台,研究了不同施肥制度对玉米产量和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,长期均衡地施NPK肥或NPK与有机肥配施,可以显著提高玉米产量和土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾等肥力指标,并能提高土壤微量元素的含量;而不均衡施肥(N、NK、NP、PK)导致相应的营养元素的耗竭。相关分析表明,在褐潮土上增施磷肥和有机肥对提高玉米产量具有重要的作用。     

秸秆还田配合施肥措施对玉米产量及耕层土壤质量的影响

通过分析不同施肥措施玉米耕层土壤碳、氮含量及相关关键酶活性和产量特征,探讨秸秆全量还田条件下不同施肥措施玉米产量差异的形成原因,为进一步提升黑龙江省第一积温带玉米耕层土壤生产能力提供理论和技术支持。试验以黑龙江省第一积温带主栽品种京农科728为试验材料,采用大区对比试验设计,设置掺混肥+尿素(NHF)、碳基肥+尿素(TJF)和控释肥(KSF)3个施肥措施,研究了秸秆还田配合施肥措施对玉米耕层土壤碳、氮含量及相关关键酶活性和产量的影响,分析了秸秆还田配合施肥措施玉米耕层土壤有机碳、微生物量碳、铵态氮、硝态氮、碱解氮、微生物量氮含量和土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、纤维素酶、蔗糖酶活性的变化规律。结果表明,与NHF相比,灌浆期TJF土壤有机碳、土壤微生物量碳含量分别提高了7.67%、7.29%,土壤铵态氮、土壤硝态氮、土壤碱解氮、土壤微生物量氮含量分别提高了1.97%、7.77%、7.29%、6.28%,土壤脲酶、土壤过氧化氢酶、土壤纤维素酶、土壤蔗糖酶活性分别提高了23.29%、5.92%、7.97%、15.70%;KSF土壤有机碳、土壤微生物量碳含量分别提高了10.80%、10.86%,土壤铵态氮、土壤硝态氮、土壤碱解氮、土壤微生物量氮含量分别提高了21.39%、12.30%、31.97%、21.08%,土壤脲酶、土壤过氧化氢酶、土壤纤维素酶、土壤蔗糖酶活性分别提高了25.81%、24.35%、12.76%、18.93%。与NHF相比,TJF、KSF产量分别提高了1.99%和13.24%。本研究推荐,秸秆全量还田条件下黑龙江省第一积温带玉米生产适宜施肥模式为70 cm宽行+40 cm窄行大垄双行种植,配施控释肥600 kg/hm²。     

施用不同配比菇渣、熟牛粪对酸性土壤质量和花生产量的影响

为了研究施用菇渣、菇渣-熟牛粪对酸性土壤质量和花生产量的影响,研发改善旱地酸性土壤质量和利于花生生长的菇渣、熟牛粪配比,设计以下盆栽和田间试验。盆栽试验选用红壤、砖红壤、赤红壤3类酸性土壤,田间试验选用红壤为研究对象。设置常规量化肥处理(CK)、熟牛粪处理(CMC)、两种菇渣处理(SMC1、SMC2)和两种菇渣-熟牛粪配比处理(SMC+CMC1、SMC+CMC2)共计6种施肥处理。结果表明,与常规量化肥处理(CK)、熟牛粪处理(CMC)相比,施用菇渣处理(SMC1、SMC2)、菇渣-熟牛粪处理(SMC+CMC1、SMC+CMC2)能有效提高土壤pH值、有机质和土壤养分含量、土壤可培养细菌数量、土壤微生物生物量碳含量和花生产量;相对于少施菇渣处理(SMC2、SMC+CMC2),多施菇渣处理(SMC1、SMC+CMC1)提升土壤有机质、养分含量及花生产量的效果更好,且配比为菇渣N 40%∶熟牛粪N 20%∶尿素N 40%的处理(SMC+CMC1)效果最佳。     

水生植物堆肥替代部分氮肥提高水稻产量与稻田土壤肥力

为评价太湖流域水生植物堆肥对水稻产量及稻田土壤肥力效应,在太湖流域典型稻田连续进行4a的田间定位试验,比较在等氮条件下不同比例的水生植物有机堆肥替代处理(有机氮替代率分别为0、20％、40％、60％、80％和100％)引起的水稻籽粒产量、产量构成因子、氮磷钾吸收量以及土壤碳氮含量和pH值变化.结果表明:与单施尿素相比,水生植物有机堆肥与尿素配施利于水稻产量的提高,并随着有机肥替代率增加,水稻产量呈先增后降;当有机肥替代率达40％和60％时产量最高.单施有机肥和单施尿素处理水稻籽粒产量相当.单施有机肥显著降低了有效穗数,有机肥和尿素配合施用则可减轻甚至消除这一效应;有机肥替代率在40％和60％时,有效穗数、穗粒数和结实率均较高.随着有机肥施用量增加,水稻秸秆氮浓度降低,籽粒氮浓度无影响;水稻磷浓度和吸收量均无显著差异;有机肥与尿素配施均显著提高了秸秆钾吸收量,有机肥替代率在80％时可显著提高籽粒钾吸收量.表层土壤全氮和有机碳含量及土壤pH值均与有机肥替代率呈显著正相关关系.有机肥-尿素配施处理下土壤全氮和有机碳均较4a前显著提高.有机肥替代率为80％和100％,土壤pH值较试验前土壤分别显著升高.由此可见,水生植物有机肥与尿素配施可以提高太湖稻作区水稻产量,增加土壤有机质含量和减缓土壤酸化程度,可作为太湖稻作区一项环保型施肥技术.