Dynamics of magnetic domain walls under their own inertia

The motion of magnetic domain walls induced by spin-polarized current has considerable potential for use in magnetic memory and logic devices. Key to the success of these devices is the precise positioning of individual domain walls along magnetic nanowires, using current pulses. We show that domain walls move surprisingly long distances of several micrometers and relax over several tens of nanoseconds, under their own inertia, when the current stimulus is removed. We also show that the net distance traveled by the domain wall is exactly proportional to the current pulse length because of the lag derived from its acceleration at the onset of the pulse. Thus, independent of its inertia, a domain wall can be accurately positioned using properly timed current pulses.     

Current-controlled magnetic domain-wall nanowire shift register

The controlled motion of a series of domain walls along magnetic nanowires using spin-polarized current pulses is the essential ingredient of the proposed magnetic racetrack memory, a new class of potential non-volatile storage-class memories. Using permalloy nanowires, we achieved the successive creation, motion, and detection of domain walls by using sequences of properly timed, nanosecond-long, spin-polarized current pulses. The cycle time for the writing and shifting of the domain walls was a few tens of nanoseconds. Our results illustrate the basic concept of a magnetic shift register that relies on the phenomenon of spin-momentum transfer to move series of closely spaced domain walls.     

Dynamical superconducting order parameter domains in Sr2RuO4

We present direct evidence for complex p-wave order parameter symmetry and the presence of dynamical chiral order parameter domains of the form px +/- ipy in the ruthenate superconductor Sr2RuO4. The domain structure creates differences in the magnetic field modulation of the critical current of Josephson junctions fabricated on orthogonal faces of Sr2RuO4 single crystals. Transitions between the chiral states of a domain or the motion of domain walls separating them generates telegraph noise in the critical current as a function of magnetic field or time and is responsible for hysteresis observed in field sweeps of the critical current. The presence of such domains confirms the p-wave triplet spin and complex (broken time-reversal symmetry) nature of the superconducting pairing state in Sr2RuO4.     

Propagation of a magnetic domain wall in a submicrometer magnetic wire

The motion of a magnetic domain wall in a submicrometer magnetic wire was detected by use of the giant magnetoresistance effect. Magnetization reversal in a submicrometer magnetic wire takes place by the propagation of a magnetic domain wall, which can be treated as a "particle." The propagation velocity of the magnetic domain wall was determined as a function of the applied magnetic field.     

新疆砌块复合墙体和砖墙日光温室的传热数值模拟分析

[目的]研究建立新的二维传热模型来模拟和优化日光温室,为日光温室墙体的设计、建设和维护提供科学合理的方法和依据.[方法]采用ansys软件进行温度场和流场模拟,使用UG软件对日光温室造型,将顶部保温被等结构适当简化,计算域分为内部与外部空气两部分.运用DO辐射模型和湍流模型模拟,采用CFX-Post计算处理,得到温度云...     

基于系统辨识的多层墙体z-传递函数计算方法

基于系统辨识理论提出了从墙体热传导的理论频率响应计算多层墙体z-传递函数的频域回归方法．首先，在所要关心的频率范围内计算出墙体热传导的理论频率响应；然后求解线性方程组得到墙体内外表面吸热及传热的简单的多项式s-传递函数，该多项式传递函数与双曲型s-传递函数在频率特性上是等价的；最后由多项式s-传递函数计算出墙体的z-传递函数．实例比较验证表明：该方法计算简单快捷，精度高．     

木塑集成木构框剪墙体抗侧性能试验研究

目的以木塑为主要材料将木塑与木结构相结合，探索一种基于木结构的木塑建筑，是克服现有轻钢结构木塑建筑不足的一个重要途径。墙体抗侧性能是决定木塑建筑在地震灾害作用下能否安全的重要因素，研究木塑集成木构框剪墙体抗侧性能可以为维护木塑建筑安全提供科学依据。方法设计了5片普通木塑集成框剪墙体和3片带斜撑的木塑集成框剪墙体，通过低周反复加载试验方法，研究了墙体的抗侧刚度、抗剪强度、立柱上拔量、刚度退化和单位耗能。结果木塑集成木构墙体的抗侧性能主要取决于木塑材结构支撑方式和覆面板连接方式，其破坏特征表现为覆面板钉连接失效破坏和木塑材连接节点断裂破坏。对于普通墙体，面板钉间距为75 mm时，墙体的抗剪强度、抗侧刚度和单位耗能分别比普通常规墙体的高出了35.40%、16.88%和76.22%。带斜撑墙体抗侧性能均明显优于普通常规墙体，木塑材人型撑和K型撑墙体的抗侧性能均与钢条剪刀撑墙体的相当，其中木塑材K型撑墙体抗侧刚度和单位耗能分别比钢条剪刀撑的高出了14.76%和16.44%，抗剪强度比钢条剪刀撑墙体的低了11.34%。覆面板厚度、斜撑和面板钉连接方式对墙体的约束作用能显著减小墙体框架立柱的上拔。结论木塑材集成方式是墙体抗侧性能的重要影响因素，采用框剪结构，增加斜撑和提高面板钉连接可靠性，能充分发挥木塑材料的优异性能，使墙体满足木塑建筑抗震要求。      

Origin of magnetization decay in spin-dependent tunnel junctions

Spin-dependent tunnel junctions based on magnetically hard and soft ferromagnetic layers separated by a thin insulating barrier have emerged as prime candidates for information storage. However, the observed instability of the magnetically hard reference layer, leading to magnetization decay during field cycling of the adjacent soft layer, is a serious concern for future device applications. Using Lorentz electron microscopy and micromagnetic simulations, the hard-layer decay was found to result from large fringing fields surrounding magnetic domain walls in the magnetically soft layer. The formation and motion of these walls causes statistical flipping of magnetic moments in randomly oriented grains of the hard layer, with a progressive trend toward disorder and eventual demagnetization.     

杨凌地区日光温室土质墙体失效机制分析研究

为了研究杨凌地区日光温室土质墙体发生失效的原因,将其失效形式总结为墙体表面不均匀脱落、墙体发生开裂变形与墙体失稳发生滑移三种类型,对杨凌地区发生失效的日光温室土质墙体取样,对土样进行含水率试验、直剪试验与无侧限抗压试验,并通过设计杨凌地区代表性日光温室进行受力分析并进行验算。经试验测定含水率低于5%时墙体表面较易发生不均匀脱落现象,后墙土坡下部含水率相较于中部与上部高2%左右。验算结果表明在含水率为15%、20%时后墙土坡摩尔-库伦曲线与土样抗剪强度曲线均为相离,当含水率为15%时,后墙土坡中部也有发生剪切破坏的危险;含水率在18%以上时,墙体容易在荷载下发生破坏。土质墙体日光温室发生较多的失效形式为表面不均匀脱落与剪切破坏,通过控制墙体的含水率来防止墙体失效是一种有效的方法,本研究对杨凌地区日光温室土质墙体的建造和使用与对温室内作物生长环境的保护具有一定的指导意义。     

Magnetic domain-wall racetrack memory

Recent developments in the controlled movement of domain walls in magnetic nanowires by short pulses of spin-polarized current give promise of a nonvolatile memory device with the high performance and reliability of conventional solid-state memory but at the low cost of conventional magnetic disk drive storage. The racetrack memory described in this review comprises an array of magnetic nanowires arranged horizontally or vertically on a silicon chip. Individual spintronic reading and writing nanodevices are used to modify or read a train of approximately 10 to 100 domain walls, which store a series of data bits in each nanowire. This racetrack memory is an example of the move toward innately three-dimensional microelectronic devices.     

Universality classes for domain wall motion in the ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As

Magnetic domain wall motion induced by magnetic fields and spin-polarized electrical currents is experimentally well established. A full understanding of the underlying mechanisms, however, remains elusive. For the ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As, we have measured and compared such motions in the thermally activated subthreshold, or "creep," regime, where the velocity obeys an Arrhenius scaling law. Within this law, the clearly different exponents of the current and field reflect different universality classes, showing that the drive mechanisms are fundamentally different.     

亚麻快速生长期细胞壁形成相关基因的表达分析

【目的】亚麻在快速生长期其韧皮纤维细胞发育在SP(the snap point)点上下端分别经历细胞伸长和次生细胞壁加厚2个不重叠时期。研究亚麻快速生长期不同组织、不同时期、不同器官中与细胞壁形成相关的β-半乳糖苷酶(Lu BGALs)、纤维素合酶(Lu CESAs)等家族基因的表达谱,探讨快速生长期亚麻韧皮纤维细胞细胞壁的发育模式,为改善亚麻纤维产量提供理论依据。【方法】以生长45 d的亚麻根、茎韧皮纤维、叶为材料,用透射电镜观察并测量茎韧皮纤维细胞细胞壁结构和厚度,采用实时荧光定量(q RT-PCR)方法,研究亚麻快速生长期Lu BGALs和Lu CESAs等细胞壁形成相关的基因在亚麻韧皮纤维不同阶段的表达特点。【结果】在SP点上部TOP端纤维细胞细胞壁薄,约110 nm;紧邻SP点茎中部的MID区(约500 nm)和茎下部的BOT区(约650 nm),细胞壁厚度明显增厚,细胞壁质地均一,没有明显的分层现象,说明SP点中部和下部韧皮纤维细胞细胞壁已经开始加厚但还未进入次生壁加厚阶段,与TOP明显不同。亚麻Lu BGAL1在TOP区的表达显著低于MID区和BOT区,表明其主要参与纤维细胞细胞壁加厚过程。而Lu BGAL3、Lu BGAL6、Lu BGAL9在TOP区表达最高,MID区次之,表明此类基因主要参与亚麻韧皮细胞伸长和细胞壁重建过程。Lu BGAL5在幼嫩的TOP区表达量高,在亚麻茎较为成熟的MID区较低,说明Lu BGAL5在细胞壁形成过程中起作用。其他BGALs基因的表达量均较低。在亚麻茎幼嫩的TOP区纤维细胞中,亚麻纤维素合酶基因Lu CESA1、Lu CESA3、Lu CESA7、Lu CESA8、Lu CESA9和Lu CESA10都检测出较高的表达量,且明显高于其在MID区和BOT区的表达。其中Lu CESA3和Lu CESA10在MID区的表达显著低于BOT区,其他几个CESAs基因在MID和BOT的表达并无明显差异。结合这些基因在亚麻快速生长期不同器官中的表达模式,结果说明,亚麻中6个CESA(Lu CESA1、Lu CESA3、Lu CESA7、Lu CESA8、Lu CESA9和Lu CESA10)主要促进亚麻韧皮纤维细胞的伸长。Lu Su Sy在幼茎韧皮纤维细胞中表达量高,表明亚麻茎伸长和加粗需要大量能量。Lu XTH4在亚麻细胞壁发育过程中发挥作用。【结论】快速生长期亚麻茎韧皮纤维细胞细胞壁没有次生加厚过程;Lu BGAL3、Lu BGAL5、Lu BGAL6、Lu BGAL9、Lu CESA1、Lu CESA3、Lu CESA9和Lu CESA10在亚麻细胞壁细胞伸长过程中起作用;Lu BGAL1主要促进亚麻细胞壁加厚过程;Lu Su Sy和Lu XTH4在亚麻细胞壁发育中发挥作用。     

寒冷地区多层轻型木结构墙体热湿性能试验研究

  目的  外墙是轻型木结构建筑的主要围护结构,其热湿性能对建筑耐久性、安全性、舒适性和能源消耗等均有较大影响。为探究室外环境、墙体朝向、楼层高度等因素对寒冷地区多层轻型木结构墙体热湿性能的影响,本研究对天津市某多层混合结构建筑中轻型木结构墙体的热湿性能进行了试验研究。  方法  2020年1月1日—2020年12月31日,对试验墙体内部环境温湿度、木骨柱含水率等热湿参数进行持续一年的监测,分析室外温湿度、墙体朝向和楼层高度等因素对墙体热湿性能的影响,评估墙体内部的冷凝风险和霉菌生长风险。  结果  墙体空腔内温湿度变化与室外温湿度变化趋势基本一致,木骨柱含水率变化与环境温湿度作用下的平衡含水率变化趋势基本一致,但墙体空腔内温湿度及木骨柱含水率的波幅小于室外环境。短期强降水引起墙体空腔内相对湿度和木骨柱含水率的增长,但增长过程具有一定滞后性。不同朝向墙体的太阳辐射强度不同,使其墙体空腔内温度分布规律为南向 > 西向 > 东向 > 北向,相对湿度分布规律则为北向 > 东向 > 西向 > 南向,木骨柱含水率分布规律为西向 > 北向 > 东向 > 南向,除西向外含水率与相对湿度分布规律基本一致。各楼层的温湿度分布规律明显,1层墙体内温度较低,相对湿度和木骨柱含水率整体偏高,且波幅较大;5—8月,墙体空腔内温度分布规律为4层 > 3层 > 2层,墙体空腔内相对湿度和木骨柱含水率分布规律为2层 > 3层 > 4层。  结论  墙体空腔内部温湿度和木骨柱含水率受室外环境条件的直接影响,但在室外环境大幅波动变化条件下,墙体内部处于相对稳定的热湿环境。寒冷气候区内,该多层轻型木结构墙体构造能有效阻隔室外水蒸气进入墙体内部,2020年气候条件下墙体空腔内部不存在冷凝和霉菌生长风险。      

Colonial growth of Neurospora. Sorbose and enzymes alter the composition of the cell wall and induce morphological changes

L-Sorbose, an agent which induces colonial growth in Neurospora crassa, also induces structural changes in the cell wall. Acid hydrolyzates of cell walls isolated from sorbose-grown (colonial) hyphae contain more glucosamine and less glucose than do hydrolyzates of cell walls obtained from normally growing hyphae. Snail digestive juice, an agent which effects a structural change in the cell wall of N. crassa by liberating from it large quantities of glucose, has been found to induce colonial growth.     

棉花花粉不同发育时期的扫描电镜观察

用石蜡切片扫描电镜观察技术，研究陆地棉品种鄂荆１号花粉不同发育时期的超微结构。观察到成熟花粉母细胞胼胝质壁的一段断裂成２～３节，断面光滑整齐。花粉壁的形成是从四分孢子期中的小孢子开始产生原外壁。单核花粉早期（核在中央）细胞壁加厚，内、外壁已形成，其上有少量细小的刺状突起。单核靠边期花粉壁的形成过程全部完成，壁上已有密集的发育完好的刺状突起和萌发孔，棉花花粉壁形成所需时间较有些被子植物短。在单核早期     

多层砌体1/4比例模型墙体顶部裂缝试验研究

为了研究多层砌体结构房屋顶端裂缝问题, 根据简单相似性原理构建了一1∶4比例、每层均布有构造柱和圈梁的H型六层混凝土小型空心砌块砌体结构墙体模型.通过对墙体模型进行竖向加载的拟静力试验，模拟了纵横墙荷载差，深入研究了在竖向荷载差作用下砌体房屋顶端裂缝的产生行为和发展规律.研究结果表明：随着承重墙上竖向荷载的增加，承重墙与非承重墙之间的荷载差所引起墙体的竖向变形差增大，同时承重墙中部变形相对承重墙和非承重墙交界处变形较大.当荷载增加到一定值时，由于承重墙对非承重墙产生的拉应力进一步加大，承重墙上靠近非承重墙一端顶部出现裂缝.随着荷载的继续增加，承重墙上裂缝宽度增大并扩展，并有新的裂缝出现.由于构造柱-圈梁体系的约束作用，有效地控制了承重墙与 非承重墙之间的竖向变形差的增大.     

Transepithelial potentials in Hydra

There is a maintained electrical potential of 15 to 40 millivolts across the two epithelial layers forming the body wall of Hydra, the inside of the animal being positive. Negativegoing (depolarizing) spikes are recorded spontaneously and sometimes in response to depolarizing current pulses. These spikes usually overshoot the zero potential level. The large size of the spikes and the orientation of the potential difference across the body wall indicate that this electrical activity is epithelial rather than nervous in origin.     

Phylum ectoprocta, order cheilostomata: microprobe analysis of calcium, magnesium, strontium, and phosphorus in skeletons

Calcium, magnesium, and strontium occur in approximately constant ratios in traverses through skeletal walls of a single mineralogy (either calcite or aragonite). Skeletal walls of more than one mineralogy have the magnesium-rich layer (calcite) surrounding the living chamber and the strontium-rich layer (aragonite) on the outside. In contrast, phosphorus may be present in greater or lesser amounts in different parts of the same calcite skeletal wall. Aragonitic crystallites appear oriented roughly perpendicular to skeletal walls, whereas calcitic crystallites are parallel to skeletal walls.     

阔叶树材组织率的研究

用体视显微新技术研究了44科90属124种阔叶树材的组织率.结果表明,随着木材胞壁率的增加,木材比重是增大的,但是,随着木材孔隙率的增大,木材胞壁率和比重却是减小的;木材壁腔比小于1的有83.9%的树种和95.5%的科;管孔、轴向薄壁组织、木纤维和木射线的体积率分别为18.6%、10.1%、58.0%和13.4%;木材比重、壁腔比和木材各组织的体积率、胞壁率、孔隙率的变异种间大于科间.这些研究为建筑结构材、木材加工、家具、造纸和纤维工业用材提供了实际意义的基础参数.     

红黏土塑性混凝土防渗墙与覆盖层变形协调及应力变形分析

利用ABAQUS有限元模拟软件,对云南某黏土斜墙土石坝进行有限元分析,探究坝基中红黏土塑性混凝土防渗墙对覆盖层影响的变化规律。结果表明,在校核洪水位下,0.3、0.4和0.5 m防渗墙的铅垂向位移与覆盖层协调性较好;0.3 m厚防渗墙与覆盖层协调性稍差于0.4、0.5 m厚防渗墙;墙顶垂直应力值为墙底垂直应力值的58%左右,分布较为均匀,有利于墙体的安全;大小主应力值均以压应力为主,其中大主应力值在墙体与基岩连接处出现极小范围的拉力区,但拉应力值远小于抗拉强度0.19 MPa,小主应力最大值为-0.62 MPa,远小于抗压强度值1.69 MPa。