"Where" and "what" in vision

The mixture of a few horizontal and vertical line segments embedded in an aggregate of diagonal line segments can be rapidly counted and their positions rapidly determined by a parallel (preattentive) process. However, the discrimination between horizontal and vertical orientation (that is, discrimination of a single conspicuous feature) requires serial search by focal attention. Under recent theories of attention, focal attention has been assumed to be required for the recognition of different combinations of features. According to the findings of this experiment, knowing "what" even a single feature is requires time-consuming search by focal attention. Only knowing "where" a target it is mediated by a parallel process.     

高校图书馆"服务"与"爱"

从图书馆的服务工作角度阐述了服务是一种爱的栽体,应将爱融入服务工作之中;强调了全球信息化的今天,图书管理员应丰富自己的知识,提高自己的能力,将爱落实到实处。     

"Imprinting" in nature

Much laboratory research is based on the assumption that the learning of parental characteristics by young nidifugous birds is rooted on visual factors. Naturalistic observations of ground- and hole-nesting duck species, augmented by sound amplification equipment, indicate that hatchlings are exposed to the call of their mother for a relatively long period before they are exposed to the sight of her.     

"夏光"、"早夏16"甘蓝杂交种DNA指纹图谱的构建

用SDS法提取甘蓝(Brassica oleraceavar.capitata)杂交种“夏光”、“早夏16”及其各自亲本的基因组DNA,通过SSR、RAPD两种分子标记方法构建其DNA指纹图谱用于纯度鉴定。利用30对甘蓝SSR引物和50个适用于甘蓝的RAPD引物,以各杂交种及其亲本的基因组DNA为模板组合进行筛选,结果显示:多数SSR引物对两组合扩增带型一致,未能建立SSR指纹图谱;通过RAPD标记方法筛选出能鉴定两杂交种纯度的引物分别为S15、S42、S147和S42、S78、S88,其中引物S42对两组合均能扩增出特异的RAPD指纹图谱,并将RAPD指纹图谱转变为相应的数字指纹。     

Comment on "Carbon-negative biofuels from low-input high-diversity grassland biomass"

Tilman et al. (Reports, 8 December 2006, p. 1598) argued that low-input high-diversity grasslands can provide a substantial proportion of global energy needs. We contend that their conclusions are not substantiated by their experimental protocol. The authors understated the management inputs required to establish prairies, extrapolated globally from site-specific results, and presented potentially misleading energy accounting.     

苏东坡笔下的“点茶三昧手”“南屏谦师”探究

关于苏东坡笔下的"点茶三昧手""南屏谦师",其佛事和茶事记载几乎为零。本文试图对一些现存史料与研究文章进行分析,列举出宋代杭州一带与"南屏"和"谦"字相关的四位法师的佛事与茶事履迹,通过分析神悟处谦法师、臻谦法师、南屏梵臻法师和"谦"师等四人种种迹象及其与苏东坡交往的关联度,认为臻谦法师的茶事痕迹与苏东坡关系最密,最符合和具备苏东坡所指的"南屏谦师"的条件,而臻谦法师则与南屏梵臻为同一人,也就是苏东坡笔下的"点茶三昧手"。     

“3S”技术与精细农业

本介绍了“3S”技术的概念及其一般应用,阐明了“3S”技术与精细农业的关系,提出我国应加强“3S”技术和精细农业研究与实践。     

Comment on "Universality in the evolution of orientation columns in the visual cortex"

Kaschube et al. (Reports, 19 November 2010, p. 1113) argue that pinwheel density in three mammalian species follows a universal constant of π as predicted by their orientation-selective suppressive long-range connectivity model. We dispute their conclusions and suggest that a simple brain size-pinwheel density scaling law suffices in predicting the self-organized and disorganized orientation maps from primates to rodents.     

唯物辩证法与"什么是社会主义, 如何建设社会主义"

邓小平在思考“什么是社会主义 ,如何建设社会主义”问题过程中 ,运用了在普遍联系中把握事物、在运动发展中把握事物、矛盾普遍性和特殊性相结合分析事物以及辨证否定的唯物辨证的方法。     

认真学习《著作权法》增强法律意识--《著作权法》对学术期刊编辑主体行为的制约

作为学术期刊的编辑主体,其行为应受《著作权法》的制约。学术期刊编辑从业人员要认真学习《著作权法》,更好地维护作者和期刊社的合法权益。     

改良大众,“雅俗”共赏：论瞿秋白鲁迅翻译思想的共性与分歧

瞿秋白和鲁迅同为＂左翼文化运动＂领导者和白话文学积极倡导者,其翻译思想有着共性的一面,也存在着诸多分歧。通过分析历史资料和学术文献,对两位文学翻译家和翻译理论家翻译思想中的共性与分歧进行对比性研究,可使我们进一步了解、继承和发扬二人在译介国外先进文化过程中深邃的翻译思想、崇高的思想品质和务实求真的学术批评态度,从而更好地为我国新时期思想文化建设服务。研究表明：瞿秋白和鲁迅翻译思想的共性特点,主要体现在对翻译的政治功用性目的、＂信＂的＂直译＂翻译观、＂翻译可输入新的表现法＂等方面的一致性;分歧则主要表现在对翻译的标准与方法、接受美学解读基本特征的侧重点和对严复的翻译观等方面的不同认识,焦点在于对＂顺＂的深层次理解,以及是否实现、如何实现翻译语言的大众化,让翻译为改良民族大众服务。瞿秋白和鲁迅关于翻译思想的讨论,留给人们的是辩证的哲学思考。     

关于代课教师清退问题“有情操作”的思考

代课教师的清退问题一直受到社会各界的关注,通过分析清退代课教师过程中存在的问题,提出坚持＂有情操作＂,依照＂不求快,但求妥＂的原则,由国家财政承担经济补偿,同步落实社会保障制度,吸纳部分代课教师填补农村师资缺口和畅通劳动仲裁渠道等措施妥善解决代课教师的清退问题。     

山葡萄"左优红"与"北冰红"叶绿素荧光参数的日变化比较研究

[目的]探讨同一栽培地区2个山葡萄品种的荧光差异,为山葡萄高效栽培及优良品种选择提供技术支持。[方法]用植物效率分析仪（Pocket PEA）测定了山葡萄＂左优红＂与＂北冰红＂的叶绿素荧光参数,采用Excel、SAS等软件进行数据分析。[结果]在一天中,＂左优红＂和＂北冰红＂Fo均在中午出现最低值,说明＂左优红＂和＂北冰红＂可通过增强非辐射能量耗散来消耗过剩的光能,从而避免光合器官遭受破坏;＂左优红＂Fv/Fm高于＂北冰红＂3.9%,差异显著,表明＂北冰红＂对光抑制比＂左优红＂敏感;＂左优红＂的PI值比＂北冰红＂高30.4%,差异显著,表明＂左优红＂比＂北冰红＂具有更高的光能转化效率。[结论]山葡萄＂左优红＂的抗逆性高于＂北冰红＂。     

Comment on "Nature of phosphorus limitation in the ultraoligotrophic eastern Mediterranean"

Thingstad et al. (Reports, 12 August 2005, p. 1068) reported that in situ mesoscale phosphorus enrichment of the eastern Mediterranean Sea altered selected biological parameters and concluded that the added phosphorus was rapidly transferred from bacteria to mesozooplankton. However, because of a lack of replication and a misinterpretation of their statistical analyses, that conclusion is not supported by the data.     

Comment on "Differential rescue of light- and food-entrainable circadian rhythms"

Fuller et al. (Reports, 23 May 2008, p. 1074) reported that the dorsomedial hypothalamus contains a Bmal1-based oscillator that can drive food-entrained circadian rhythms. We report that mice bearing a null mutation of Bmal1 exhibit normal food-anticipatory circadian rhythms. Lack of food anticipation in Bmal1-/- mice reported by Fuller et al. may reflect morbidity due to weight loss, thus raising questions about their conclusions.     

Comment on "Top-down versus bottom-up control of attention in the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices"

Buschman and Miller (Reports, 30 March 2007, p. 1860) described the activity of ensembles of neurons in parietal and frontal cortex of monkeys performing visual search for targets that were easy or hard to distinguish from distractors. However, their conclusions are called into question by discrepancies between their results and publications from other laboratories measuring the same neural process.     

Comment on "Dispersal limitations matter for microbial morphospecies"

Telford et al. (Brevia, 19 May 2006, p. 1015) reported that freshwater diatoms exhibit regional-scale richness-pH relationships that depend substantially on regional habitat availability. On this basis, the authors argued that, despite their microscopic size, diatoms are not ubiquitously dispersed. Here, I describe my demonstration that their primary evidence against the ubiquitous dispersal hypothesis is spurious.     

Comment on "Wetland sedimentation from hurricanes Katrina and Rita"

Turner et al. (Reports, 20 October 2006, p. 449) measured sedimentation from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in coastal Louisiana and inferred that storm deposition overwhelms direct Mississippi River sediment input. However, their annualized hurricane deposition rate is overestimated, whereas riverine deposition is underestimated by at least an order of magnitude. Their numbers do not provide a credible basis for decisions about coastal restoration.     

从“营造生态”到“需求驱动”:学术图书馆如何满足人文学者的数字学术需求

[目的/意义]“营造生态”和“需求驱动”是学术图书馆满足人文学者的数字学术需求、构建数字人文服务体系的两个核心关键词。这两者要求我们从宏观的业态视角理解图书馆的数字人文服务策略,进而从学理层面探寻构建数字人文生态的可行路径。[方法/过程]文章基于课题组的前期积累和相关案例,探讨构建数字人文生态的必要性和可能性。[结果/结论]文章的主要结论包括：（1）强调要尊重客观规律和客观现实,将“数字人文生态”的构建视为数字人文工作首要目标;（2）提出要理清人文学者不同类型的数字学术需求,根据需求展开学术图书馆的类型学研究;（3）学术图书馆可以划分为引领型学术图书馆、支撑型学术图书馆和基础型学术图书馆,应当推动不同类型学术图书馆在数字学术生态中各司其职,对接人文学者不同的需求,在有差异化的服务和合作中构建数字人文生态。     

Comment on "Global trends in wind speed and wave height"

Young et al. (Reports, 22 April 2011, p. 451) reported trends in global mean wind speed much larger than found by other investigators. Their report fails to reference these other investigations and does not discuss the consequences that such large wind trends would have on global evaporation and precipitation. The difference between their altimeter and buoy trends suggests a relatively large trend error.