鲶鱼人工繁殖技术

选择性腺发育成熟的鲶鱼,采用不同品种激素、不同剂量进行催产。对催产后的亲鱼分别给予不同的刺激。对收集的受精卵采取不同的孵化方式,结果表明：亲鱼培育是关键,性腺发育良好的亲鱼,只要提供适宜的产卵条件（产卵池、鱼巢、水流）,用ＨＣＧ＋ＬＲＨ ａ混合激素注射,即可达到理想的催产效果。采取不同的孵化方式,在适宜的水温下（１６℃—２８℃）,只要使受精卵能得到充足的溶氧,就可获得很高的孵化率。鲶鱼苗互相残食严重。出膜几天后就互相残食。     

鲶鱼的人工繁殖试验初报

鲶鱼的人工繁殖试验初报素有＂塞上江南，鱼米之乡＂的宁夏，黄河鲶鱼一直是回汉族人民爱好的食品。为了开发鳃鱼，提供宁夏及其邻近省区对鲶鱼苗种的需求，增加鱼类养殖的经济效益，丰富人们的菜篮子，宁夏水产技术推广站课题组，承担了宁夏科委＂鲶鱼的人工繁殖试验研究...     

鲶鱼人工繁殖技术研究

对鲶鱼人工繁殖技术进行了研究,通过亲鱼强化培育和人工催产试验,发现鲶鱼对催产激素选择性不强;筛选了3组配型LRH-A250μg/kg、DOm20mg/kg+LRH-A210μg/kg+HCG1000IU/kg、HCG3000IU/kg;产卵过程中雄鱼具有挤压雌鱼胸腹部,压迫雌鱼产卵的特性。前期采用蛋黄水、轮虫、枝角类作为开口饵料培育鱼苗,取得很好的效果。     

黄河鲶鱼人工繁殖研究

近年来，宁夏市场上的鲶鱼，主要来源于黄河水系的天然捕捞。但是由于水域的污染，鲶鱼生长繁殖环境的恶化，加上酷渔滥捕，使鲶鱼资源日益衰退，产量减少，市场上鲶鱼量少价高，时有脱销。进入90年代以来，市场的鱼更加走销。鲶价格为鲤价的3－5倍。使养鱼专业户对养鲶产生了浓厚的兴趣，有的收集黄河野生鲶鱼种在成鱼池营养，收到了可观的经济效益。混养鲶鱼可以清除野杂鱼，改善水体环境，增加主养鱼产量，提高经济效益。过去视鲶鱼为水产养殖的敌害，现在把鲶鱼看成一个优良养殖品种，群众寻购鲶鱼苗种。鲶鱼一年多次产卵在我国尚未见报…     

鲶鱼的人工繁殖及苗种培育技术

鲶鱼（Silurusasot。）属鲶形目、给科、鲶属。鲶鱼不仅生长快,个体大,而且耐低温,耐低氧。同时肉质细嫩,营养丰富,味道鲜美,属高蛋白低脂肪的食品,深受消费者欢迎。目前国内正在开发利用鲶鱼资源,满足市场需求,为了解决鲶鱼苗种的问题,本文将鲶鱼的人工繁殖及苗种培育技术措施总结如下：1．鲶鱼的人工繁殖（1）亲鱼的选择从池塘或湖泊捕捞群体中选择体重在0．5－2kg之间,无病无伤,体质健壮的给鱼作为繁殖亲本。雌鱼腹部膨大,松软有弹性,轻压腹部能挤出卵粒,雄鱼腹部狭小,轻压腹部能挤出白色精液,雌雄比例为2：1。（2）雌…     

鲶鱼的人工繁殖和鱼苗培育初探

鲶 ((Ｓｉｌｕｒｎｓａｓｏｔｕｓｌｉｎｎａｅｕｓ)是鲶形目、鲶科的鱼类 ,俗称“土鲶” ,一般生活于水的中下层 ,较喜栖于静水或缓流水域 ,稚鱼大多数栖息于水浅而水草丰富的泥底。鲶鱼为底栖性鱼类 ,以小型野杂鱼为食 ,也食一些虾、蛙和水生昆虫。鲶鱼的产卵期在 5～ 7月 ,1龄鱼可达性成熟 ,鲶鱼肉鲜美且少刺 ,是一种有发展前途的淡水经济养殖鱼类。我们于 1998年对鲶鱼进行了人工繁殖 ,并对鱼苗培育作了初步的尝试。1　鲶鱼的人工繁殖1 1　亲鱼选择鲶鱼的体重一般为 0 5～ 1ｋｇ ,黑龙江发现最大个体3～ 4ｋｇ ,本次实验鱼是从湖北宜昌…     

鲶鱼的人工繁殖和苗种培育试验

鲶鱼的人工繁殖和苗种培育试验方耀林，余来宁，郑卫东（中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所）鲶鱼，属鳝形目，鲶科，俗称“土鲶”，可生活在江河、湖泊以及沟渠、堰塘等小型水体中，为底栖性的肉食鱼类，适应性广，以各种小杂鱼、小虾、软体动物等为其对象，经人工驯养，...     

鲶鱼人工繁殖与苗种培育初探

一冬龄鲶鱼达到性成熟，４—６月为鲶鱼的繁殖期。催产药物及剂量为每公斤雌鱼用ＰＧ３—４ｍｇ＋ＨＣＧ８００ＩＵ；雄鱼减半。共催产５批１６０组，获受精卵５９万尾，出苗４２万尾。鲶鱼苗从孵出培育１６天可育成３５—４０ｍｍ的夏花。     

杂交鲶鱼的人工繁殖及鱼苗培育技术

本地土鲶（SilurusasotusLinnaeus）是一种蛋白质含量高、肉质细嫩、味道鲜美、抗病能力强的底栖性鱼类，但个体较小，一般为０．５～１kg；而南方大口鲶（SilurusmeriaionalisChen）是含肉率高，味道鲜美，生长较快的大型凶猛鱼类。杂交鲶为本地鲶♀×大口鲶♂的杂交后代，外观似大口鲶，显示出父本快速生长和母本抗病力强的特点，是一种有发展前途的淡水经济养殖鱼类。我们于２００２年４月进行了杂交鲶进行人工繁殖，并对鱼苗培育作了初步尝试。１人工繁殖１．１亲鱼的来源和选择雌鱼主要为本地收购的野生土鲶，体重平均每尾约０．５kg…     

静水压休克法诱导三倍体鲶鱼（silurus asotus L）的研究

采用静水压休克法诱导三倍体鲶鱼。通过对受精时间、静水压力及持续施压处理时间三方面进行筛选试验的结果表明，鲶鱼卵受精4－5min，用600－649kg/cm^2的静水压力处理3min，可以获得100％的三倍体鲶鱼，而且胚胎存活率也较高，孵化率达对照组的90％以上，是静水压休克法诱导三倍体鲶鱼的最佳条件。三倍体鲶鱼的倍性用细胞遗传学方法验证。     

三倍体鲶鱼的形态学性状及生长

采用静水压休克法人工诱导鲶鱼受精卵，使三倍体出现率达100％，其主要形态学性状同二倍体鲶鱼比较研究表明，三倍体鲶鱼具有体形大，相对体高及丰满度均较高，体长差异不明显，外部形态及摄食仍保留着二倍体鲶鱼的特征，但比二倍体鲶鱼增长快，在池塘养殖90天后，体重比二倍体鲶鱼平均增加39．71％。试验证明三倍体鲶鱼是具有养殖生产前景和推广价值的新对象。     

缢(虫巠)Sinonovacula constricta(Lamarck)的人工催产试验

缢蛏产于我国和日本,是我国海涂养殖的一种重要经济贝类,但关于它的人工控制产卵的工作却做得很少。我室连续在1958和1959两年间进行缢蛏生殖的研究时,曾多次引用岩田清二,Galtsoff,P.S.[4-6]及郭继绪等人用于其他贝类的人工控制产卵方法来控制缢蛏产卵,如采用KCl,NH4OH,膘胨、淀粉等各种化学药品,做成海水溶液进行注射或浸泡亲贝;用提高水温刺激、感应电流刺激、以及放入缢蛏的精子或卵子做成的海水悬浮液诱导,均不能引起缢蛏产卵放精的反应。     

Artificial spawning of carp, Cyprinus carpio (L.)

The effect of reproduction was investigated on females of Hungarian strain W, French strain F, and their cross‐breed 1X whose ovulation was stimulated with carp pituitary (0.3 mg kg^?1and, after 12 h, 2.7 mg kg^?1) or Ovopel (one‐fifth of a pellet per kg and, after 12 h, one pellet per kg). It was found that in the case of Ovopel treatment, the percentage of spawning females of strain F and the cross‐breed 1X was higher than in the hypophysed fish compared. The applied ovulation stimulators did not significantly affect the weight of obtained eggs, whereas the significant (P ≤ 0.01) effect was recorded with respect to the quality of eggs after 12‐, 24‐, 36‐ and 48‐h of incubation. After Ovopel stimulation, the quality of eggs was better. The origin of the females had no statistically significant effect on the weight of eggs although the yield of eggs from fish of strain W was much smaller than that from females of strain F and the 1X cross‐breed. The interaction between the ovulation stimulator and the provenance of the females was significant (P ≤ 0.05) for the percentage of live embryos after 48‐h of incubation of eggs. Eggs of the best quality (and highest weight) were obtained from fish of strain F and cross‐breed 1X treated with Ovopel. In females of strain F that spawned within 6 and 10 h after the second Ovopel injection, the effect of the ovulation time on the weight of eggs was non‐significant. It was significant with respect to the percentage of egg fertilization and of live embryos after 36‐h of incubation (P ≤ 0.01 and P ≤ 0.05 respectively). The better quality of eggs (and their higher weight) was recorded when this time was shorter.     

Artificial spawning of female Polish line 3 carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) after treatment with pituitary homogenate and/or Ovopel

Stimulation of ovulation was carried out in female carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) of Polish line 3, with carp pituitary homogenate, Ovopel (the preparation contains d ‐Ala⁶, Pro⁹NEt‐mGnRH and metoclopramide), and Ovopel and carp pituitary homogenate. The effect of the ovulation stimulators on the weight of eggs expressed in grams and as a percentage of female body weight was determined. The effect of the treatments on the quality of eggs expressed as the percentage of living embryos after 24‐ and 36‐h incubation was also determined. The best results were obtained after stimulation with Ovopel (the priming dose) and pituitary homogenate (the resolving dose). In this case all the females spawned, and the highest yield and quality of eggs were recorded. The poorest results were noted if the ovulation was stimulated with repeated injection of carp pituitary homogenate. The females treated with carp pituitary homogenate gave eggs of poorer quality than those stimulated with two doses of Ovopel or with Ovopel and pituitary homogenate. The percentage of living embryos after 24‐ and 36‐h incubation of eggs was significantly higher for the group stimulated with Ovopel and pituitary homogenate than for the other treatments.     

淡水养殖梭鱼的人工繁殖机理

1982～1986年;作者采用外源药理学方法,使淡水养殖梭鱼(S‰0.297-0.569)克服了“淡水不育症”,雌鱼性腺成熟率85％以上,完全取代了“海水过渡”。在人工催产中又克服了排卵机制的障碍及胚胎对环境的不适应,并对梭鱼亲鱼血清激素含量进行放射免疫(RIA)测定及电子显微镜对梭鱼脑垂体亚显微结构进行观察。提出梭鱼存在血脑屏障。     

Artificial spawning of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): the use of Aquaspawn and carp pituitary to induce ovulation in females of Lithuanian line B

Ovulation stimulation was carried out in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) females of Lithuanian line B, using carp pituitary (0.3 + 2.7 mg kg^?1), Aquaspawn (0.5 mL kg^?1) and Aquaspawn + carp pituitary (0.3 mL kg^?1 + 2.7 mg kg^?1). The poorest results of reproduction (the lowest percentage of ovulating females, the lowest weight of eggs and their poorest quality) were obtained after double hypophysation. The best results were induced by the application of Aquaspawn alone. The effect of the applied stimulators was statistically non‐significant with respect to the weight of eggs, being highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) with respect to the percentage of fertilized eggs and that of living embryos after 24‐ and 36‐h incubation. The multiple‐regression equations were calculated for the three groups separately. The percentage of living embryos after 36‐h incubation constituted a dependent variable while the mass of females, the mass of eggs, the fertilization percentage and the percentage of living embryos after 24‐h incubation were independent variables. The regression was only significant (P ≤ 0.01) for the group of fish treated with Aquaspawn.     

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE FREQUENCY OF PURCHASE OF CATFISH BY U.S. HOUSEHOLDS IN SELECTED CITIES

Increased understanding of the factors that influence the frequency of purchase of catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) by U.S. households would provide guidance for catfish marketing programs. A household survey was conducted to analyze consumer preferences and consumption trends of U.S. farm-raised catfish in Birmingham, Memphis, Chicago, Jackson (MS), New Orleans, Baton Rouge, Little Rock, Oklahoma City, Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio. An ordered probit model was developed to examine the variables influencing frequency of catfish purchase. Household respondents in all cities except Jackson, New Orleans, Oklahoma City, and San Antonio were found to be more frequent buyers of catfish products. Respondents who preferred fresh catfish had a greater likelihood of frequent catfish purchase while buyers of frozen catfish were less likely to purchase catfish frequently. Method of preparation and serving had no influence on catfish purchase frequency. Buyers purchasing from supermarket outlets had a higher probability of being more frequent buyers of catfish products than those who purchase from other market outlets. Product origin labels and vacuum-sealed packaging influenced the frequency of catfish purchase. Caucasians and African Americans were found to be more frequent buyers of catfish products while Hispanics were found to be significantly less frequent buyers of catfish products. Married couples had a greater likelihood of purchasing catfish more frequently than unmarried couples. Age of the respondents as well as number of household members had no significant effect on frequency of catfish purchase. The results from this study support the importance of country of origin labeling, supplying high-quality fresh products, and alternative packaging to enhance sales of U.S. farm-raised catfish in supermarkets.     

外源激素对大黄鱼的催产效果

大黄鱼(ＰｓｅｕｄｏｓｃｉａｅｎａｃｒｏｃｅａＲｉｃｈａｒｄｓｏｎ)人工苗种生产中,所使用的一般是经过人工养殖、强化促熟的亲鱼。这种亲鱼需要用外源激素进行人工催产才能产卵。然而,经催产的成熟亲鱼经常出现有时产卵率高,有时产卵率低,有时甚至因滞产而死亡的情况,其产卵效果很不稳定,因而不利于生产。有关外源激素对大黄鱼催产效果的研究,目前尚未见报道。笔者在大黄鱼育苗生产实践中发现,人工催产的成熟亲鱼出现上述情况,除了环境条件,主要与外源激素的种类及剂量等因素有关。本文主要介绍这一试验结果,并就激素对卵巢的成熟、排…     

PRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY OF CATFISH FARMS IN CHICOT COUNTY,ARKANSAS

Technical, allocative, and cost efficiency measures of a sample of small-and medium-sized catfish farms in Chicot County, Arkansas were estimated using a weight-restricted data envelopment analysis technique. A measure of cost efficiency is used to determine operator characteristics, farm practices, and institutional support services that are likely to lead to higher levels of efficiency. Experience of the operators and extension contacts were important factors positively influencing farm level efficiency. Extension services in Chicot County generated about $5.2 million in cost savings among catfish farms or about $2,737 per contact. Importantly, higher cost efficiency of catfish farm efficiency in Chicot County, Arkansas, can be achieved by adjusting inputs used in production to optimal levels rather than by adjusting the scale of operation.