西番莲黑斑病的发生与综合防治措施

西番莲Passiflora edulis Sims,又名鸡蛋果、百香果、热情果,西番莲科西番莲属、多年生热带藤本攀附果树。单叶互生,具叶柄,有卷须,聚伞花序,夏季开花,花大,淡红色,微香。果为蒴果,果实酸甜可口,风味浓郁,芳香怡人,制成果汁或饮料,很受消费者的欢迎：西番莲于上世纪90年代末引入钦南区种植以来,曾发展至400余ha,由于市场和价格等方面的原因,面积几度起伏,现存300ha主要集中于那丽、东场、那彭、沙埠等乡镇。     

福建省引种西番莲疫情调查及疫情分析

西番莲 Passiflora spp是多年生热带、亚热带水果;果汁风味独特,是一种高级天然饮料。1987年,西番莲被列为我国南亚热带地区重要开发作物。目前西番莲生产日益受到西番莲病害,尤其是西番莲茎基腐病的严重为害。1988～1990年,作者对福建省西番莲引种情况和病虫害发生情     

华南三省(自治区)部分西番莲种植区花叶病病原检测及EAPV多聚蛋白基因序列分析

<正>西番莲(Passiflora edulis Sims.)是热带亚热带地区重要经济作物,我国福建、广东、广西、海南等地广泛种植[1]。调查发现,我国南方多地西番莲花叶病为害严重,症状表现为叶片花叶、黄化、斑驳、畸形,甚至整株褪绿,严重影响西番莲的产量和品质。已报道能引起西番莲花叶症状的病毒有：黄瓜花叶病毒属(Cucumovirus)的黄瓜花叶病毒(cucumber mosaic virus, CMV),     

西番莲死顶病病原病毒鉴定初报

从福建省热带作物研究所种植的台农1号杂交种西番莲 Passiflora edulis X.P.edulis var.flavicarpa 采集到表现死顶病状的一个病毒分离物,经苋色藜Chenopodium amaranticolor 5次单枯斑分离,回接紫果西番莲 P.edulis、杂交种西番莲 P.edulis X.P.edulis var.flavicarpa 仍然表现死顶病状。我们对该分离物进行了     

国外鸡蛋果新病毒病研究进展

黄鸡蛋果(又名金鸡蛋果、百香果)Passiflora edulis Sims.f.flavicarpa Deg.是近十多年来拉丁美洲(巴西、哥伦比亚、秘鲁等国)、亚洲(马来西亚、印尼、印度、台湾省、福建省等)及大洋洲(澳大利亚、新西兰)迅速发展的水果作物之一。80年代初,在巴西Bahia州爆发了鸡蛋果木质病毒病后,巴西和秘鲁等国开展了鸡蛋果病毒病的系统调查。现在世界各栽培国的鸡蛋果病毒病以木质化病毒病及CMV引起的花叶病为主,且分布普遍。1986年巴西报道了属芜菁黄花叶病毒组的     

福建西番莲病毒病的发生及其病原黄瓜花叶病毒亚组鉴定

1988～1995年对福建西番莲病毒病的发生为害进行调查,发现在西番莲栽培区病毒病普遍发生,发病率通常在30％～40％,严重的达90％以上。田间症状主要表现为叶片环斑、皱缩、花叶、环斑花叶,死顶和果实木质化等。从田间病株采集40份样本,经电镜观察和采用A蛋白夹心ELISA(PAS-ELISA),用西番莲木质化病毒(PWV)、西番莲黄花叶病毒(PFYMV)、紫果西番莲花叶病毒(GMV)、烟草花叶病毒(TMV)及黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)的抗血清进行测定,其中36个样本检测出CMV,表明福建西番莲病毒病的主要病原为CMV。与此同时,对西番莲上CMV进行亚组鉴定,采用鉴别寄主和单、多克隆抗体双夹心ELISA(DAS-ELISA)对36个CMV阳性样本进行测定,结果35个属CMV亚组Ⅰ,1个属CMV亚组Ⅱ,表明田间以CMV亚组Ⅰ分离物占绝对优势。     

西番莲木质病的检疫不容忽视

引言西番莲Passifolora spp.为一种高级天然饮料作物,具有很高的经济价值,近几年来,在我国发展十分迅速,广东、福建、海南等省均已有较大面积的推广种植。由病毒引起的西番莲木     

侵染广西西番莲的双生病毒基因组克隆与序列分析

 2018—2020年,从南宁市武鸣区、宾阳县的西番莲果园中采集疑似感染双生病毒的西番莲叶片样品,利用PCR、RCA、基因克隆、序列比对和进化树分析等方法,明确了其感染的病毒及系统进化关系。结果显示:采集的23份西番莲样本中有19份扩增出一条570 bp的目的条带,证实受到双生病毒侵染;从部分阳性样品中共获得11条病毒全长基因组序列,其中10条序列与已报道的广东番木瓜曲叶病毒(papaya leaf curl Guangdong virus,PaLCuGdV)各分离物的核苷酸相似性达92%以上;1条序列与已报道的一品红曲叶病毒(euphorbia leaf curl virus,EuLCV)各分离物的相似性达92%以上;依据双生病毒分类标准,确定侵染广西西番莲的双生病毒为PaLCuGdV和EuLCV的分离物;进化树分析发现,PaLCuGdV广西西番莲分离物与PaLCuGdV韩国各西番莲分离物和中国台湾西番莲分离物处于同一大分支,说明PaLCuGdV广西西番莲各分离物与PaLCuGdV韩国各西番莲分离物和中国台湾西番莲分离物具有较近的亲缘关系;EuLCV广西西番莲分离物与EuLCV韩国分离物、中国山东一品红分离物和福建一品红分离物等处于一个大分支,但广西分离物却又独处一个小的分支,说明广西分离物虽然与上述几个分离物亲缘较近,但可能存在较为独立的进化。这是PaLCuGdV和EuLCV侵染广西西番莲的首次报道。     

福建西番莲病毒病的发生及其病原黄瓜花叶病毒亚组鉴定

１９８８－１９９５年对福建西番莲病毒的发生为害进行调查,发现在西番莲栽培区病毒病普遍发生,发病率通常在３０－４０％,严重的达９０％以上,田间症状主要表现为叶片环斑、皱缩、花叶、环斑花叶、死面和果实木质化等。从田间病株采集４０份样本,经电镜观察和采用Ａ蛋白夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ（ＰＡＳ＿ＥＬＩＳＡ）,用西番莲化木质病毒ＰＷＶ）,西番莲黄花叶病毒ＰＦＹＭＶ）、紫果西番莲花叶病毒（ＧＭＶ）、烟草花叶病毒（ＴＭＶ     

百香果病虫害综合防治技术

百香果风味独特、营养价值高、经济效益可观,但随着其种植面积的增加,病虫害成为影响百香果果实产量和质量的重要因素.因此,本文对百香果种植过程常见的病虫害进行了总结,针对主要病虫害提出了综合防治技术,并对今后百香果病虫害防控工作进行了展望,旨在为种植户提供参考,服务产业可持续发展.     

毛葡萄穗轴褐腐病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

罗城仫佬族自治县是广西毛葡萄主产区。穗轴褐腐病是近年为害毛葡萄花穗穗轴的主要病害。作者根据病原菌形态、致病性,并利用分子鉴定方法,将该病的致病菌鉴定为可可毛色二孢(Lasiodiplodia theobromae)。该病菌生长最适温度为28~30℃;可生长pH值为3~11.5,其中,pH 3~4利于病原菌产生分生孢子;能有效利用蔗糖、葡萄糖、可溶性淀粉等14种供试碳源,但以葡萄糖最好;能利用DL-丙氨酸、硝酸钠、DL-甲硫氨酸等10种供试氮源,但以DL-丙氨酸最适。     

朱槿茎腐病病原鉴定

朱槿(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis),又名扶桑、佛桑、大红花、赤槿、桑槿、红木槿,为锦葵科木槿属常绿灌木或小乔木.其花型娇美,花色艳丽,不仅是斐济、苏丹、马来西亚等国的国花,同时也是我国广西省南宁市、云南省玉溪市以及台湾省高雄市的市花.在南宁,朱槿作为一种重要的园林绿化树种,被栽植于街道、公园、花坛及庭...     

百香果疮痂病病原菌鉴定

To identify the pathogen causing scab disease on the fruit of Passiflora Linn. in the passion fruit yard of Cenxi and Nanning cities, Guangxi province. The scab tissues collected from diseased fruits were isolated,purified,and made pathogenicity test,morphological observation, biological and molecular identification. The representive isolate B31, obtained from the diseased fruit, was selected for morphological observation and pathogen identification, and was verified as the causal agent of the scab disease through Koch’s postulates. The result of morphological observation using light microscope showed that the isolate B31 was very similar to Alternaria in terms of hyphae and spore morphology. Phylogenetic analysis results using multiple gene loci showed that identities of sequences of ITS, Alt al, TEF 1 and endoPG genes of isolate B31 were 100% identical to those of Alternaria alternata. This study clarifies that the pathogen causing scab disease of passion fruit in Guangxi is A. alternata, and this is the first report of A. alternate causing scab on passion fruit in China.     

江西番茄烂果病病原菌鉴定

In recent years since 2018, the disease of tomato fruit rot has been often noted in Jiangxi province. In order to ascertain the causal agent, common tissue isolation method was used to isolate the pathogen collected from 8 counties and cities of Jiangxi province. A total of 17 isolates was obtained, which exhibited similar phenotype on V8 agar plates with production of antheridia, oogonia and oospore indicating the characteristics of Phytophthora spp.. The pathogenicity test for the isolates showed the similar disease symptoms with that in the field and the pathogen was reisolated from the infected tomato tissues, which fulfilled the Koch’s postulate. BLAST search with rDNA-ITS, partial Ypt1 and β-tubulin gene sequences for 17 isolates showed 99%-100% of identities to Phytophthora capsici that in correspond with the clustering result of phylogenetic analysis for two represented strains. Combined with morphologic characteristic observation, pathogenicity test and sequence ana-lysis, the pathogen causing tomato fruit rot was identified as Phytophthora capsici. This is the first report of P. capsici causing fruit rot on tomato in Jiangxi province, China.     

枣果贮藏期红粉病菌鉴定及环境因子对其分生孢子萌发的影响

 在山西省临县、太谷县发现枣贮藏期红粉病,发病初期果实表面出现圆形或椭圆形的白色絮状霉点,后期形成较厚粉状霉层。从病样中分离获得2株代表性菌株,通过病原菌分离培养、致病性测定、形态学特征及ITS序列特征分析,确定引起枣贮藏期红粉病的致病菌为粉红单端孢(Trichothecium roseum)。适合该病菌分生孢子萌发的温度为20℃~25℃,相对湿度为大于75%,pH=4~10,致死温度为48℃、处理10 min。适宜芽管生长的温度为20℃~25℃,相对湿度为大于75%,最适pH=6。本研究结果可为枣贮藏期红粉病的诊断和防治措施的制定提供理论依据。     

A new disease of passion fruit in Mauritius: postharvest stem-end rot caused by Phomopsis tersa

Symptoms of post-harvest stem-end rot of passion fruit caused by Phomopsis tersa are described for the first time. Under laboratory conditions, following artificial inoculation, first symptoms occurred 4–11 days after harvest, depending on the length of the peduncles of fruits when harvested and whether fruits were injured. It is concluded that the pathogen invades the fruit through the peduncle and damaged skin.     

芒果蒂腐病病原葡萄座腔菌科真菌种类鉴定

In order to identify the pathogen of Botryosphaeriaceae causing mango stem-end rot, tissue isolation method was used to process mango samples collected from Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Sichuan Provinces in China, and 58 fungal isolates were obtained. Among them, 39 isolates were belonged to Botryosphaeriaceae, accounting for 67.24%. These isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1α). The results showed that there were four main species of Botryosphaeriaceae, including Neofusicoccum parvum (33.33%), Lasiodiplodia theobromae (30.77%), Botryosphaeria dothidea (28.21%), and L. pseudotheobromae (7.69%). The mango stem-end rot caused by L. pseudotheobroma was firstly reported in China. The virulence of the four species was tested by in vitro inoculation and the results showed that all isolates were pathogenic, among which L. theobromae, L. pseudotheobroma, and N. parvum were the “strong” grade, and B. dothidea was the “middle” grade.     

海南玉米穗腐病病原菌分离鉴定及优势种的遗传多样性分析

为了阐明海南省玉米穗腐病病原菌的种类,结合形态学和分子生物学方法对83份病样进行了病原菌的分离和鉴定,最终获得12种病原菌,包括拟轮枝镰孢(Fusarium verticillioides)、层出镰孢(F.proliferatum)、亚粘团镰孢(F.subglutinans)、木贼镰孢(F.equiseti)、新知镰孢(F.andiyazi)、棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)、拟康宁木霉(T.koningiopsis)、卵孢木霉(T.ovalisporum)、喙刚毛球腔菌(Exserohilum rostratum)、玉蜀黍平脐蠕孢(Bipolaris maydis)、草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)和可可毛色二孢(Lasiodiplodia theobromae)。其中,拟轮枝镰孢分离频率占65.06%,为优势种。以拟轮枝镰孢的EF-1α、histone 3和β-tubulin基因序列为基础进行多基因家系分析,以明确海南省与内陆部分省份不同菌株之间的遗传关系。结果表明,海南省内菌株之间具有丰富的遗传多样性,而且海南省和内陆省份菌株之间存在高频率的基因交流。     

中国发现甘薯长喙壳菌引起枣子果实腐烂

 2013年8月,在中国昆明发现一种枣子果实的腐烂病。通过致病性测试,证明从发病组织分离出的病菌能引起枣子果实腐烂。经过形态学和分子鉴定,确定该病原菌为甘薯长喙壳菌。这是在中国首次报道由甘薯长喙壳菌引起的枣子果实腐烂病。     

灰枣红点软腐病病原菌的鉴定

 The damage and symptoms of jujube fruit soft rot in Xinzheng, Henan Province, were investigated from 2006 to 2008, and the pathogen was identified based on the morphological characteristics and the ITS se-quence of ribosome DNA. The results showed that the aerial mycelium of colony was white in color in the first four days, then turned gray after incubation on PDA for 5-6 d at 25℃ and became black two weeks later. The mycelia grew luxuriantly with velvet character. The pycnidium was flask-shaped with a height of 196.9μm and a width of 213.3μm on the avereage. The conidium was colorless with single cell and had the shape of spindle, its size was (15.0-20.0)μm× (4.5-6.5)μm. The conidiophore was fastigiate. The homology of ITS sequence of ribosome DNA between the tested strain NXK and Botryosphaeria dothidea (GenBank ac-cession number:AJ938005) reached 99.87%, with a difference of only two base pairs. Based on the results of both morphological characters and molecular identification, the pathogen of jujube fruit soft rot in Xinzheng was identified as B. dothidea (Moug. ex Fr.) Ces. et de Not..