扎鲁特旗北部牧区牛冷配改良现状调查及建议

通辽市农牧局为全面掌握扎鲁特旗北部牧区牛冷配改良情况,推动牛良种化进程,逐渐转变肉牛养殖生产方式,开展了牛冷配改良情况调研。通过调研发现扎鲁特旗北部牧区70%的养牛场户使用本交公牛改良配种。分析该地区牛冷配改良技术推广现状、存在的问题和原因,提出了科学的推广措施和建议。     

浏阳市牛冷配技术推广的成功经验

牛冷配是一项技术性强的工作．过去发展奶牛、耕牛需要推广牛冷配技术，在商品经济不断发展的当今．菜篮子工程中的肉牛生产更需要推广这一畜牧科技成果．我市1994年全市有牛冷配点12个．共配种853头，1995年产杂交牛717头．受胎牛90y0．1995年配种上千头．1996年牛冷配点可望再增加5个．本人在畜牧工作站工作Ic年，从199（｝年起兼抓畜禽品改工作，为推进今后牛冷配技术的推广与普及．现就我从事这项技术推广和管理对几千头牛冷配之所以取得成功和发展谈点个人看法与体会．l配种员的选择确定我们现12个牛冷配点的配种员．都是牲猪人工授精…     

《中国黄牛》杂志对我的工作起了很大的促进作用

我1985年订阅了你们编辑的《中国黄牛》杂志,对我的工作起了很大的促进作用,特别是杂志中报道的有关牛冻精冷配效果影响,中草药同期发情以及母牛生殖器官疾病防治等技术,是我们工作中的灵月妙药。我是一个畜牧工作者,从事牛的繁殖改良工作。但在我们新疆,自从牛的冻精冷配技术推广以来,受胎率非常低,在30％以下     

提高牛冷配受胎率的措施

随着畜牧业的发展,牛的配种方式已逐渐由冷配取代自然交配。牛的冷配受胎率与饲养管理、繁殖技术、疾病防治、精液品质等密切相关。笔者对提高牛冷配受胎率的几点措施进行了阐述。     

提高牛冷配受胎率的措施

随着畜牧业的发展,牛的配种方式已逐渐由冷配取代自然交配.牛的冷配受胎率与饲养管理、繁殖技术、疾病防治、精液品质等密切相关.笔者对提高牛冷配受胎率的几点措施进行了阐述.     

母牛发情最佳输精时间的五种判定方法

在畜牧业生产实践过程中,特别是在目前大力发展养牛业,又面临封山禁牧、舍饲圈养,母牛冷配由组群变为一家一户牵着配的情况下,如何提高牛冷配技术,提高牛的冷配受胎率,是摆在广大基层畜牧工作者面前的一项重要课题和艰巨的任务,而在牛的冷配过程中如何正确判定最佳输精时间又是牛冷配     

浅谈提高牛冷配受胎率的措施

近些年来，养牛业发展势头非常强劲。但是，牛冷配受胎率偏低一直困扰着养牛业的发展。笔者从事牛冷配工作近20年，现就提高牛冷配受胎率的措施浅谈如下，以供同行参考。     

榆树县实行黄牛冷配“双包双保”责任制的调查

榆树县地处松辽平原,有38个乡(镇)、113万人口、438万亩耕地,是全国有名的产粮大县之一。粮多、秸杆多、副产物多,对发展农区牧业生产具有得天独厚的的优越条件,到1988年末牛存栏43,507头,其中繁殖母牛18,280头。但是,由于黄牛冷配技术推广起步晚、进展慢、良种化水平低,使养牛业的发展受到抑制。从1986年以来,在全县范围内逐步实行了黄牛冷配“双     

提高牛改冷配受胎率的技术措施

近年来，由于各级政府和主管部门的重视以及业务技术人员的共同努力，使我省牛品种改良工作得到迅速发展。２００１年底，全省已建牛改冷配站１０８５个，年冷配母牛约２０万头，产犊率有很大提高。但新建的牛改点和老的牛改点比较发展极不平衡，冷配产犊率高低相差４６．９个百分点，差异极显著。母牛冷配空怀率高，产犊率低是当前牛改工作中一个重要的、亟需解决的问题。据笔者数次深入基层牛改冷配站进行现场调查结果分析认为，提高牛改冷配受胎产犊率，生产中应抓好以下技术措施。１严格技术操作规程，加强基本功训练牛冷冻精液人工授精…     

提高母牛冷配受胎率的几点体会

冷配是一项技术性很强的工作,搞好冷配,提高冷配受胎率,扩大冷配复盖率,是秦川牛保种的关键。4年多来,我站通过签订冷配予约合同和保配保怀合同,提高冷配受胎率,与本交点竞争,冷配牛1,301头。其中包括省家畜改良站全国保种牛试验项目和中央农业部“秦川牛导入外血中间试验研究”项目。情期受胎率65%,总受胎率达到了90%以上,受到了育种专家和有关干部、群众的好评。在实践中,使我体会到,提高母牛冷配繁殖受胎率,必须抓好以下几个环节:     

The Michigan equine monitoring system. II. Frequencies and impact of selected health problems

A prospective study was designed to document the frequencies of equine health problems in the state of Michigan, USA. A total of 2469 horses from a random sample of 138 equine operations were monitored in the study in two 12-month periods: 1992–1993 and 1993–1994. All the major breeds of horses in the state were proportionately represented in the sample. Using weighted annual incidence densities as measures of disease frequencies, the 10 most frequently observed groups of health problems were (from most to least frequent) leg lameness, dermatological problems, respiratory problems, hoof and foot problems, reproductive problems, systemic problems, colic, whole body lameness, neurological problems and gastrointestinal problems (other than colic). This ranking of the top 10 health problems was different from the ranking provided by equine owners/operators at the beginning of the study.

Overall, very low specific mortality rates were observed in the study. However, the conditions that were associated with mortality resulted in fairly high case fatalities. The five specific illnesses that most commonly resulted in fatalities were (from greatest to least case fatality risk) systemic problems, colic, gastrointestinal problems (other than colic), neurological problems, and foot and hoof problems.

Impact of disease was evaluated in terms of average duration of a case and days lost for performance. Neurological problems, lameness and dermatological problems had the longest duration per case. Neurological problems, lameness, respiratory problems and gastrointestinal problems (other than colic) had the longest average days lost per case.     

Field study of the prevalence of lameness in horses with back problems

A population of 805 horses (70 per cent dressage, 20 per cent show jumpers and 10 per cent trotters) with orthopaedic problems was examined for signs of lameness and back problems, irrespective of their original complaints. In the horses with a back problem the prevalence of lameness was 74 per cent, and back problems were diagnosed in 32 per cent of the lame horses. These percentages were significantly higher than those recorded in a control population of 399 horses, of which 20 per cent were lame and 12 per cent had back problems. In the group of horses with orthopaedic problems there was a strong association between lameness and back problems and, in particular, there was a high prevalence of lameness among the horses with back problems.     

论微型猪资源的开发利用—实验动物化

论微型猪资源的开发利用──实验动物化张彬李丽立（湖南农学院长沙市４１０１２８）（中国科学院长沙农业现代化研究所长沙４１０１２５）中国是养猪大国，养猪历史悠久，品种资源十分丰富。几千年来，在长期的人工选育和特定的生态条件的综合作用下，形成了数以百计各具...     

Management and herd performance of dairy herds with and without chronic wasting disease

'Chronic wasting' in cattle acquired a special meaning in the Netherlands in 1999. It was used to define animal health problems that were thought to be associated with the use of bovine herpesvirus 1 marker vaccine. Criteria have not been set by which an objectively independent inventory of the problems could be made. The objective of this study was to determine management factors associated with the problem of 'chronic wasting' prior to the use of the BHV1 marker vaccine. Knowledge about these factors could be helpful for generating additional hypotheses about the aetiology of chronic wasting in cattle. A total of 188 farms participated in the study, of which 94 had severe problems with chronic wasting. The other half consisted of control farms matched with the case farms that did not report problems after the use of the BHV1 marker vaccine. Data analyses were performed over the period before (and not at the time of) 'chronic wasting' problems. Data were collected from various sources. A questionnaire was used to collect information on farm management practice. In addition, information on laboratory submissions for 1996 to 1998, animal movements in 1998, roughage analyses of 1997 and 1998, expenses for animal health in 1998, and herd performance in 1995 to 1999 was collected. In the analyses, a distinction was made between information obtained objectively and subjectively. Herds with problems of 'chronic wasting' were larger than herds without wasting problems (animals, surface) but not more intensively managed. 'Wasting' herds had a lower performance in terms of fertility and udder health. In addition, these herds had more contact with other herds through the purchase of animals. There were no differences in farm management practices related to disease control and prevention. Additional studies are required with regard to the patho-physiology of chronic wasting cows. The role of herd size needs more study.     

Dairy-cattle health in Gyeongnam, Korea.

An animal-health monitoring system in the Gyeongnam area was started in 1997 to develop statistically valid data for use in estimating disease frequencies in dairy cattle, and the associated costs. The objectives of this study were to: (1) describe what was done to implement and maintain the system in Gyeongnam; (2) present selected disease frequencies; (3) discuss the epidemiological consideration of what was done and implications for results obtained.Veterinary medical officers (VMOs), comprising professors and graduate students from Gyeongsang National University, faculty of Gyeongnam Livestock Promotion Institute and clinic veterinarians, served as data collectors. After training on current disease and management problems of dairy cattle, interview techniques, sampling methods and data-collection instruments, the VMOs participated in selection of the sample herds and data gathering. Forty (n=40) of 167 dairy herds were selected randomly using a computer-generated list of random numbers and the VMOs visited farms once in a month for 12 months to collect data about management, disease, inventory, production, preventive treatment, financial and other relevant data. Strict data-quality control devices were used. Specific feed-back was developed for the producers and data collectors.The six disorders found most frequently in cows (from the highest to the lowest) were breeding problems, clinical mastitis, birth problems, gastrointestinal problems, metabolic problems and lameness. In young stock, respiratory, multiple system, breeding and gastrointestinal problems were predominant, whereas in calves, gastrointestinal, respiratory and integumental problems predominated.     

Serum total thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations in dogs with behavior problems

The aim of this case controlled study was to determine whether dogs with behavioral problems have evidence of abnormal thyroid function on routine screening tests for hypothyroidism. The hypothesis of the study was that thyroid function, as assessed by serum total thyroxine (TT4) and serum thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) (TSH) concentrations, is normal in most dogs with behavioral problems. Concentrations of TT4 and TSH in 39 dogs with behavior problems presenting to a veterinary behavior referral clinic (abnormal behavior group), were compared with TT4 and TSH concentrations in 39 healthy control dogs without behavior problems presenting to 5 community veterinary practices (control group). Dogs in the control group were matched for age and breed with the abnormal behavior group. Dogs with behavioral problems had higher TT4 concentrations than dogs without behavioral problems (t-test: t = 2.77, N = 39, P = 0.009), however none of the TT4 values were outside the reference range. There was no significant difference in TSH concentration between the 2 groups. Two dogs with behavior problems and 1 dog without behavior problems had results suggestive of hypothyroidism. All other dogs were considered to be euthyroid. There was no evidence to support a diagnosis of hypothyroidism in the majority of dogs with behavior problems in this study. The higher concentration of TT4 in dogs with behavior problems suggests, however, that alteration in thyroid hormone production or metabolism may occur in some dogs with behavior problems. Further studies that include additional indicators of thyroid status such as serum total triiodothyronine, serum, free thyroxine, and anti-thyroid antibody concentrations are necessary to further evaluate the significance of this finding.     

水城县优质肉牛基地建设中存在的问题与对策

针对水城县近年来实施肉牛基地建设中存在的问题,主要是发展资金到位不及时、行政措施干预越位、草地管理利用不合理、技术服务不到位、制度不健全、示范场管理不到位等原因,从而导致肉牛存栏急剧下降,为此提出了相应的对策。     

A survey of trailering problems in horses

A history form was sent to owners of 103 horses with trailer problems to determine what types of problems with trailering the horses exhibited, as well as the techniques the owners had used to mitigate the problem. Horses had problems with loading (53.4%) and traveling (51.5%). Of the horses who exhibited problems during travel, most had problems when the vehicle first began to move (53%) or when it went around a curve (47%). Less than half the horses (28.2%) had been cured by the methods the owners used. Breed differences in type of problems, in incidence of multiple problems, and in improvement were compared. There were no statistical differences in breed representation, either overall, or for any one particular problem or combination of problems. Quarter Horses, Thoroughbreds, and Arabians were the most commonly presented breeds and the most common breeds at the time of the survey. No breed was more likely to be cured/improved or not. Orientation in the trailer and association of the trailer with aversive experiences may be important components of the etiology of trailering problems.     

商丘地区畜牧业现状调查

调查以商丘地区的养殖企业为主,旨在了解近年来商丘地区畜牧业发展状况及存在的问题.结果显示:河南省商丘地区的畜牧业因其独到的地理位置,依托资源优势,主要以猪、牛、羊等动物的养殖为主,且有规模不同的饲养方式,养殖数量呈逐年递增趋势(2006,2007,2008年);养殖业存在发展资金不足、品种良种化程度低、饲料资源和种类单一、生态健康养殖理念缺乏等问题,并提出相应的解决方案和措施.     

A survey of swine production health problems and health maintenance expenditures

Swine producers in the Missouri Mail-In-Record program provided information on herd health problems, death losses and health maintenance expenditures in their swine herd for the years 1978 and 1979. Swine health problems and death losses dampen profits for swine producers. During the study period approximately one-third of all pigs raised by Missouri Mail-In-Record swine panel producers were affected by health problems. It is important for swine producers to keep health problems under control. Important health problems for swine producers were scours, pneumonia, salmonellosis, TGE, and influenza. Important death causal factors were crushing or trauma, scours, lack of milk, and pneumonia. Health problems and death losses were most severe during the first quarter of the year. The major swine health expenditure was for services which were farmer administered. On a relative basis smaller producers depended more on veterinarians for seervices than did larger producers. Also, producers that had more than one type of production technology (pasture, confinement, etc.) tended to have larger animal health expenditure levels.