红壤稻田不同生育期土壤氨氧化微生物群落结构

以福建省红壤稻田土壤为对象,通过提取土壤总DNA,利用特异引物进行PCR(聚合酶链反应)扩增和DGGE(变性梯度凝胶电泳)并结合DNA克隆测序,研究了水稻生长过程中稻田土壤氨氧化细菌和氨氧化古菌群落结构的变化。结果显示:稻田土壤具有丰富的氨氧化细菌和氨氧化古菌资源。水稻生长过程中土壤氨氧化细菌群落组成较为稳定,只表现出水稻生长前期(苗期、分蘖期)和中后期(孕穗期、成熟期)间存在一定差异。而土壤氨氧化古菌群落组成变化较大,在水稻生长的苗期、分蘖期、孕穗期和成熟期4个时期间均存在一定差异。在水稻生长过程中,土壤氨氧化细菌群落多样性指数无显著性变化,但氨氧化古菌群落多样性指数随水稻生长明显提高,孕穗期后才达到平稳。水稻生长前期土壤硝化势也具有显著上升趋势,孕穗期时达到最高,而后有所下降。土壤硝化势与氨氧化古菌群落多样性指数具有显著正相关性,与氨氧化细菌没有相关性。研究表明,氨氧化古菌对红壤稻田土壤硝化作用的影响程度较大,证实了氨氧化微生物尤其是氨氧化古菌在稻田土壤微生物组成及其生态系统功能中的重要性。     

Responses of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea to nitrogen fertilization and precipitation increment in a typical temperate steppe in Inner Mongolia

As the first and rate-limiting step of nitrification, ammonia oxidation can be realized either by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) or archaea (AOA). However, the key factors driving the abundance, community structure and activity of ammonia oxidizers are still unclear, and the relative importance of AOA and AOB in ammonia oxidation is unresolved. In the present study, we examined the effects of long-term (6 years) nitrogen (N) addition and simulated precipitation increment on the abundance and community composition of AOA and AOB based on a field trial in a typical temperate steppe of northern China. We used combined approaches of quantitative PCR, terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and clone library analyses of amoA genes. The study objective was to determine (1) AOA and AOB diversity and activity in response to N addition and increased precipitation and (2) the relative contributions of AOA and AOB to soil ammonia oxidation in the typical temperate steppe. The results showed that the potential nitrification rate (PNR) increased with N addition, but decreased with increased precipitation. Both N addition and increased precipitation significantly increased AOB but not AOA abundance, and a significant correlation was only observed between PNR and AOB amoA gene copies. The T-RFLP analysis showed that both N and precipitation were key factors in shaping the composition of AOB, while AOA were only marginally influenced. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that all AOA clones fell within the soil and sediment lineage while all AOB clones fell within the Nitrosospira. The study suggested that AOA and AOB had distinct physiological characteristics and ecological niches. AOB were shown to be more sensitive to N and precipitation than AOA, and the ammonia oxidation process was therefore supposed to be mainly driven by AOB in this temperate steppe.     

三种不同种植模式对土壤细菌群落多样性的影响

采用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE )技术,研究了不同种植模式对土壤细菌群落多样性的影响。结果表明,不同种植模式下DGGE图谱条带的数量及亮度有较大区别,且有几条特征性条带发生了明显的变化。0—15 cm土层细菌群落的丰富度、多样性指数及均匀度指数均表现为:“菜稻菜模式”（RVCs） “休闲轮作模式”（FRCs） “蔬菜连作模式”（VCCs）;15—30 cm土层细菌群落的丰富度、多样性指数及均匀度指数均表现为:FRCs RVCs VCCs。UPGMC聚类分析表明,RVCs 处理的细菌群落结构相似性较低。主成分分析表明,对各主成分起分异作用的主要是 RVCs和FRCs;与主成分因子1 正相关程度较高的种植模式为:RVCs和VCCs,与主成分因子2 正相关程度较高的是 FRCs。可见,水稻土细菌群落多样性与种植模式密切相关,这些变化对土壤细菌群落有重要的调节作用。     

Effects of irrigation sources on ammonia-oxidizing bacterial communities in a managed turf-covered aridisol

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) perform the rate-limiting step of nitrification, a key process in the global nitrogen cycle. In this study, chemical factors controlling AOB activity, diversity, and composition in a turfgrass-covered aridisol irrigated with groundwater, Colorado River water, or reclaimed wastewater were examined. Activity of AOB contributed an average of 96% of potential nitrification activity in four soils examined, and this activity correlated positively with ammonium concentration and negatively with salinity of the irrigation water. AOB abundance, as determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, also correlated positively with ammonium concentration in the irrigation water but negatively with soil salinity. Characterization of AOB communities by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed the presence in every soil of AOB taxa, most commonly found in high-ammonia environments. The soil with the fewest years of management had the least diverse AOB population, compared to the other three soils, and much lower specific nitrification activity. This soil was irrigated with highly saline Colorado River water, which likely exerted acute negative effects on the activity of AOB. In summary, this study revealed that, although AOB activity and growth responded positively to ammonium availability in irrigation water, the salinity of the water and soil had strong negative effects on these aspects of the AOB community.     

长期不同施肥条件下红壤性水稻土微生物群落结构的变化

以位于江西省红壤研究所内长期定位试验的水稻土(始于1981年)为研究对象,运用磷脂脂肪酸(phospholipid fatty acid,PLFA)和BIOLOG分析技术研究了不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)及有机肥与化肥混施(NPKM)三种施肥方式对土壤微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明:长期施化肥和有机肥与化肥混施处理的PLFA总量均高于未施肥处理,两者分别较未施肥处理高91%和309%;PLFA主成分分析(PCA)显示施肥促进了土壤微生物群落结构的变化,其中NPKM处理增加了革兰氏阴性细菌(G-细菌)、真菌、放线菌和原生动物的数量,NPK处理增加了革兰氏阳性细菌(G+细菌)的数量,不施肥处理较施肥处理提高了真菌/细菌比例,CK和NPK处理的微生物群落结构更为相似;各施肥处理间土壤的AWCD值(平均每孔颜色变化率,average well color development,AWCD)表明,NPKM处理能够促进土壤微生物群落对碳源的利用能力,进而增加土壤中微生物的整体活性,而NPK处理减弱了土壤微生物的活性。代谢功能多样性分析同时表明,NPKM处理增加了微生物群落的多样性,而NPK处理使土壤微生物的多样性降低;土壤PLFA与土壤养分的相关性分析显示,土壤总PLFA量与土壤有机质和全氮呈极显著相关(p0.01),与速效养分相关性不大。     

水稻生育期内红壤稻田氨氧化微生物数量和硝化势的变化

利用荧光定量PCR(Real-timePCR)技术,通过特异引物检测amoA基因拷贝数分析了水稻不同生育期红壤稻田土壤中氨氧化细菌(Ammonia oxidizing bacteria,AOB)和氨氧化古菌(Ammonia oxidizing archaea,AOA)的数量变化,并测定了土壤潜在硝化势。结果显示:红壤稻田土壤中AOA数量显著高于AOB,二者比例在1.6～120.7之间;红壤稻田根层土中AOA数量显著高于表土,随水稻生长根层和表土中AOA数量均逐渐增加,且根层土中增加幅度更大;在水稻生长前期表土中AOB数量较多,孕穗期后根层土中AOB数量显著增加且高于表土。水稻生长期内土壤潜在硝化势也具有逐渐增加趋势,且根层土潜在硝化势增加幅度更大。根层土中潜在硝化势与AOB和AOA数量均呈显著正相关,而表土中潜在硝化势只与AOA数量存在显著正相关。研究表明,红壤稻田土壤中AOA数量更为丰富,且与硝化作用的关联程度更为密切,证实了氨氧化微生物在红壤稻田土壤微生物组成及其生态系统功能中的重要性。     

Long-term fertilization effects on active ammonia oxidizers in an acidic upland soil in China

The effects of long-term fertilization of acidic soils on ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) communities and its ecological implications remain poorly understood. We chose an acidic upland soil site under long-term (27-year) fertilization to investigate ammonia oxidizer communities under four different regimes: mineral N fertilizer (N), mineral NPK fertilizer (NPK), organic manure (OM) and an unfertilized control (CK). Soil net nitrification rates were significantly higher in OM soils than in CK, N or NPK soils. Quantitative analysis of the distribution of amoA genes by DNA-based stable isotope probing revealed that AOA dominate in CK, N and NPK soils, while AOB dominate in OM soils. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and clone library analyses of amoA genes revealed that Group 1.1a-associated AOA (also referred to as Nitrosotalea) were the most dominant active AOA population (>92%), while Nitrosospira Cluster 3 and Cluster 9 were predominant among active AOB communities. The functional diversity of active ammonia oxidizers in acidic soils is affected by long-term fertilization practices, and the responses of active ammonia oxidizers to mineral fertilizer and organic manure are clearly different. Our results provide strong evidence that AOA are more highly adapted to growth at low pH and low substrate availability than AOB, and they suggest that the niche differentiation and metabolic diversity of ammonia oxidizers in acidic soils are more complex than previously thought.     

Direct and indirect influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on abundance and community structure of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and archaea in soil microcosms

Both arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and ammonia oxidizers are important soil microbial groups in regulating soil N cycling. However, knowledge of their interactions, especially the direct influences of AM fungi on ammonia oxidizers is very limited to date. In the present study, a controlled microcosm experiment was established to examine the effects of AM fungi and N supply level on the abundance and community structure of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) in the rhizosphere of alfalfa plants (Medicago sativa L.) inoculated with AM fungus Glomus intraradices. Effects were studied using combined approaches of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). The results showed that inoculation with AM fungi significantly increased the plant dry weights, total N and P uptake. Concomitantly, AM fungi significantly decreased the amoA gene copy numbers of AOA and AOB in the root compartment (RC) but not in the hyphal compartment (HC). Moreover, AM fungi induced some changes in AOA community structure in HC and RC, while only marginal variations in AOA composition were observed to respond to N supply level in HC. Neither RC nor HC showed significant differences in AOB composition irrespective of experimental treatments. The experimental results suggested that AM fungi could directly shape AOA composition, but more likely exerted indirect influences on AOA and AOB abundance via the plant pathway. In general, AM fungi may play an important role in mediating ammonia oxidizers, but the AOA community appeared to be more sensitive than the AOB community to AM fungi.     

Humic acids stimulate growth and activity of in vitro tested axenic cultures of soil autotrophic nitrifying bacteria

In the present study, the effect of humic acids on activity and growth of Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter agilis was investigated in vitro under axenic conditions. Humates from compost-stabilized vegetable waste or leonardite were added to the chemolithotrophic culturing medium at concentrations of 0, 5, 50 and 100 mg l^–1. It was found that both types of humic acids increased either NH₄ ⁺ or NO₂ ^– oxidation and cell growth of nitrifying bacteria in a dose-independent manner. By combining these results with data from a comparative growth evaluation of N. agilis based on possible utilization of humates or pyruvate in heterotrophic conditions, evidence was obtained that nitrifiers cannot use humic acids as an alternative carbon and energy source. Thus, the stimulating effect of this fraction of soil organic matter on chemolithotrophic ammonia and nitrite oxidizers might be attributed to an increase in microbial membrane permeability favouring a better utilization of nutrients. Received: 15 April 1996     

Fluctuations in the abundance of ammonia oxidizers and the contents of inorganic nitrogen in solarized soil

Solarization makes a great impact on the abundance of ammonia oxidizers and nitrifying activity in soil. To elucidate fluctuations in the abundance of ammonia oxidizers and nitrification in solarized soil, copy numbers of amoA gene of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA), viable number of ammonia oxidizers and inorganic nitrogen contents were investigated in greenhouse experiments. The copy number of amoA gene and the viable number of ammonia oxidizers were determined by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction and most probable number methods, respectively. Abundance of AOB based on the estimation of amoA gene copy numbers and viable counts of ammonia oxidizers was decreased by the solarization treatment and increased during the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivation period following the solarization. Effect of solarization on the copy number of amoA gene of AOA was less evident than that on AOB. The proportion of nitrate in inorganic nitrogen contents was declined by the solarization and increased during the tomato cultivation period following the solarization. Positive correlations were found between the proportion of nitrate in inorganic nitrogen content and the copy number of bacterial or archaeal amoA gene or the viable number of ammonia oxidizers; the copy number of bacterial amoA gene showed a strong correlation with the viable number of ammonia oxidizers. The present study revealed influences of solarization on the fluctuation in the abundance of ammonia oxidizers and dynamics of inorganic nitrogen contents in soil and the results indicate that the determination of amoA gene of AOB is possibly a quick and useful diagnostic technique for evaluating suppression and restoration of nitrification following solarization.     

Ammonia oxidizer abundance in paddy soil profile with different fertilizer regimes

Studies about ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) are often focused on topsoil, but little is known about their activity and distribution in subsoil. A long-term fertilizer experiment was conducted to assess the effects of different fertilizer treatments on AOB and AOA in vertical soil profiles of paddy soil plots that received no nitrogen fertilizer control (CK), NPK chemical fertilizers (CF), organic–inorganic mixed fertilizer (OIMF) and organic fertilizer (OF). Soil properties, potential nitrification rate (PNR) and amoA gene abundance of AOB and AOA were measured and analyzed by two-way ANOVA and correlation analysis. Quantitative PCR analysis of amoA genes showed that AOA were more abundant than AOB in all the soil samples. AOB declined sharply with soil depth. Compared with CK and OF treatments, CF and OIMF treatments had higher abundance of AOB throughout the soil profiles. However, AOA tend less responsive to soil depth and fertilizers compared to AOB. This caused the AOA/AOB ratios in subsoil higher than in topsoil, and in CK and OF higher than in CF and OIMF treatments. These results suggest that AOA are more abundant and can be better adapted to nutrient-poor subsoils than AOB, and autotrophic nitrification could likely be determined by a complex suite of environmental factors in vertical profiles of the paddy soil tested.     

桂西北不同植被恢复阶段土壤氨氧化细菌遗传多样性研究

以桂西北喀斯特不同植被恢复阶段(草丛、灌木林、次生林、原生林)生态系统为研究对象,运用分子生物学技术分析了土壤氨氧化细菌amoA功能基因多样性,探讨了其与脲酶活性和土壤理化性质的关系.结果显示,随着植被的恢复,土壤氨氧化细菌多样性指数与均匀度指数呈增大趋势(灌木林例外),且土壤中氨氧化细菌群落结构发生了改变:主要表现在因Nitrosospira3簇种群对铵态氮浓度敏感度差异导致其在3a、3b簇中分布不一致;相关分析表明;土壤脲酶活性与铵态氮浓度呈正相关关系,土壤脲酶可能通过影响铵态氮浓度改变氨氧化细菌多样性,但植被恢复后期土壤铵态氮浓度减少并未降低土壤氨氧化细菌多样性.LIBSHUFF和RDA分析揭示,植被类型和土壤脲酶活性及pH与氨氧化细菌群落结构紧密相关,说明植被和土壤氮素有效性以及pH可能是决定土壤氨氧化细菌多样性的主要因子,为深入理解喀斯特地区土壤氮素循环提供了一定的科学依据.     

Bacterial diversity and occurrence of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the Atacama Desert soil during a “desert bloom” event

The Atacama Desert, located in northern Chile, is one of the driest deserts on the Earth. However, in some years, short and sporadic rainfall in the southern end of this desert has increased the soil moisture that produces ephemeral “desert bloom”. Our goal was to assess the composition of the bacterial community and determine variations in the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria guild diversity from soils collected during the course of the “desert bloom” event. The bacterial composition from this arid soil was determined by cloning and sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. A relatively high diversity of clones belonging to 14 bacterial groups was detected. The ammonia-oxidizers showed a significantly higher diversity of amoA gene clones after the “desert bloom” than during or at the beginning of this event. All sequences obtained were related to Nitrosospira genera and environmental clones. These results suggest that the diversity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in this arid soil can be affected by the occurrence of “desert bloom”.     

Contribution of nitrification happened in rhizospheric soil growing with different rice cultivars to N nutrition

A rhizobox with three compartments and soil slicing followed by quick freezing were used to study the spatiotemporal variations of nitrification of rhizospheric soil of Yangdao 6 (Indica) and Nongken 57 (Japonica). The results obtained revealed that ammonium () was the main N form in flooded paddy soil. A concentration gradient for was observed with the lowest concentration nearer to the root zone and the concentrations increased with increasing distance from the root zone. No concentration gradient was observed for nitrate (). The nitrification activities of both rice cultivars increased with the development of the incubation time. The nitrification activities were maximal in rhizospheric soil, followed by those in bulk soil and in the root zone. In the rhizosphere, nitrification activities decreased with increasing distance from the root zone. The maximal nitrification activity measured at 44, 51, and 58 days after sowing of Yangdao 6 and Nongken 57 rice cultivars was at a distance of 6 and 2 mm away from the root zone, respectively, and they were 0.88 and 0.73 mg kg⁻¹ h⁻¹, respectively. In this experiment, the nitrification activities were significantly and positively correlated with the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) abundance (r=0.86, p<0.01). The nitrification activity, concentration, AOB abundance, dry matter and N accumulation and leaf reductase activity associated with Indica were always higher than those with Japonica. Therefore, nitrification in rhizosphere had more important significance for N nutrition, especially for the Indica rice cultivars.     

氮肥水平对稻田细菌群落及N2O排放的影响

作为土壤氮素转化的驱动者,微生物群落结构关系着稻田氮素利用及温室气体N_2O排放等问题。本研究分别基于高通量测序和荧光定量PCR技术,分析了不同氮肥水平[CK(不施氮)、N(施N 180 kg·hm-2)、2/3N(施N 120 kg·hm-2)、1/3N(施N 60 kg·hm-2)]下稻田细菌群落及硝化反硝化关键微生物功能基因丰度的变化。结果显示:氮肥水平提高增加了稻田细菌物种丰富度Chao1指数和群落多样性Shannon指数,改变了细菌群落组成,其中与硝化作用相关的硝化螺菌门Nitrospirae和嗜酸的醋杆菌门Acidobacteria的相对丰度随氮肥水平提高而增加,但甲烷氧化菌Methylosinus的相对丰度随氮肥水平提高而降低。氮肥水平对稻田硝化作用关键微生物氨氧化细菌amo A基因丰度的影响较大,0~5 cm和10~20 cm深度土层中的amo A基因丰度均随氮肥用量增加而提高;反硝化作用关键微生物功能基因nir S、qno B和nos Z的丰度在不施肥处理(CK)中显著低于施肥处理(1/3N、2/3N和N)(P0.05),但1/3N、2/3N和N处理的稻田nir S基因丰度没有明显差异;0~5 cm土层中qno B和nos Z基因丰度存在随氮肥水平提高而增加的趋势,10~20 cm土层中nos Z基因丰度在2/3N和N处理下显著高于1/3N处理(P0.05)。N处理的稻田N_2O排放通量显著高于2/3N及1/3N处理(P0.05),后者又显著高于CK处理(P0.05)。相关分析结果表明稻田N_2O排放通量与0~5 cm土层中硝化螺菌门Nitrospirae相对丰度及10~20 cm土层中amo A基因丰度存在显著相关性(P0.05,n=10)。综上所述,氮肥水平提高增加了稻田细菌群落多样性,促进了稻田N_2O排放,且本研究稻田中硝化作用微生物群落及丰度变化与稻田N_2O排放的关系更为密切。     

模拟条件下土壤硝化作用及硝化微生物对不同水分梯度的响应

以江苏滨海县一植稻土壤为研究对象,在微宇宙培养条件下设置了不同水分处理(最大持水量的30%、60%、90%和淹水2 cm深),研究了硝化作用及硝化微生物对水分变化的响应特征。结果表明:淹水处理显著降低了土壤的氧化还原电位(Eh),但所有处理土壤Eh变化范围为330~500 m V,土壤整体处于氧化态。在每7天向土壤加入10 mg kg-1NH+4-N的连续培养过程中,各个水分处理均观察到明显的NH+4-N降低和NO-3-N累积的现象,60%WHC处理下土壤硝态氮累积最显著和迅速,90%WHC处理次之,随培养时间延长,30%WHC和淹水处理也观察到明显的硝化作用。淹水处理中氨氧化细菌(Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)的数量显著高于非淹水处理,且淹水处理中AOB在DGGE图谱上的条带更加清晰明亮,而氨氧化古菌(Ammonia-oxidizing archaea,AOA)的群落组成和数量在不同水分处理间无明显变化。表明该土壤中AOB对水分条件变化响应灵敏,是该土壤的硝化作用、尤其是淹水条件下硝化作用发生的主要原因。     

Pine sawdust as stimulator of the microbial community in post-arable afforested soil

Sawdust and wood residues are considered to be stimulators of microbiological change in soil and could be used in post-arable sites designed for afforestation. In this study, we discuss changes in bacteria numbers within selected groups in relation to soil type (arable and forest) and method of sawdust application. Sawdust was spread along planting rows and mixed with the soil or put directly under roots of planted seedlings. Applying sawdust under the roots increased the number of cellulolytic bacteria in all experimental treatments. On post-arable soil, adding sawdust in rows increased the number of copiotrophic bacteria and reduced the number of fluorescent bacteria and actinomycetes (ACT). In control forest soils, the number of copiotrophic, oligotrophic and spore-forming bacteria decreased simultaneously with increased ACT in all treatments. The number of fluorescent bacteria increased when sawdust was applied on forest sites under planted trees and decreased when sawdust was spread in planting rows. Oligotrophic bacteria also decreased in the latter case. We present a list of bacteria identified by DNA – 16S rRNA gene sequences. Adding sawdust to arable soils significantly changed the quantitative and qualitative composition of microbial communities.     

复垦土壤细菌群落结构及其与土壤肥力的关系

为了解两淮煤矿区复垦状况及其对土壤微生物的影响机制,合理人工干预,快速有效提高复垦土壤生产力,本研究以煤矸石充填复垦土壤为研究对象,通过野外调查与采样分析,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序分析土壤细菌特定基因片段V4区域,基于非度量多维尺度分析、冗余分析、方差分析、肥力指数、回归模型方法,对矸石充填土壤不同复...     

再生水灌溉水平对土壤盐分累积与细菌群落组成的影响

为探明再生水不同灌水水平下土壤盐分、氮素、磷素与细菌群落组成动态变化效应,采用室内土柱灌水试验,研究再生水、自来水不同灌水水平对土壤盐分、氮素、磷素及细菌群落组成结构的影响。结果表明:1)再生水灌溉相比自来水显著提高了0~60 cm土层盐分含量、磷素及0~30 cm土层氮素含量也有所提高,降低了土壤细菌群落多样性和OTU数量;充分灌溉相比非充分灌溉提高了深层土壤盐分含量,降低了深层土壤细菌群落多样性和种类数。2)不同处理土壤细菌类群以放线菌门(24.5%~40.6%)和变形菌门(22.4%~30.3%)为主。非充分灌溉下,再生水灌溉相比自来水提高了土壤放线菌门、绿弯菌门、厚壁菌门及酸杆菌门比例,降低了变形菌门比例;充分灌溉下,再生水灌溉相比自来水大幅度提高了土壤放线菌门和硝化螺旋菌门比例,降低了土壤变形菌门、绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门及厚壁菌门比例。无论是在充分灌溉还是非充分灌溉下,再生水灌溉均对土壤放线菌门表现为促进作用,对变形菌门表现为抑制作用。再生水充分灌溉相比非充分灌溉对土壤放线菌门和变形菌门具有促进作用,对土壤绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门和厚壁菌门具有抑制作用;再生水灌水水平越高,越有利于土壤中优势菌群的生长。3)各处理土壤细菌代谢通路丰度占比最大的为膜转运、碳水化合物代谢及氨基酸代谢,再生水辅以较高灌水水平能够显著促进表层土壤微生物膜转运、碳水化合物代谢及氨基酸代谢过程。因此,再生水较高灌水水平可促进土壤物质能量循环,且对土壤细菌代谢繁殖过程也可起到积极的调节作用。研究可为再生水灌溉下的土壤生态环境效应研究提供依据。