11~14月龄奶水牛体重与体尺指标的相关性分析

本文旨在研究生长期奶水牛体重与体尺指标的相关关系,为通过体尺指标估测其体重提供科学依据。选取76头健康的11~14月龄生长期奶水牛,用地磅、测仗、卷尺分别进行体重与体尺指标测量。采用Excel中LINEST函数对数据进行多元回归和多项式回归分析,用SPSS 17.0对体重与体尺指标进行相关性分析及主成分分析。结果表明,各体尺指标均在不同程度上影响生长期奶水牛的体重,体重与体高、体斜长、十字部高、胸围、腹围、胸宽、胸深、尻长、尻宽和管围均存在极显著相关关系(P<0.01),其中胸围与体重的相关性最大(P=0.823),其次是腹围、体斜长、胸深、管围等;由体重与各体尺指标间多元回归方程的相关系数r可知,11~14月龄奶水牛体重与体尺间存在较强的线性回归关系,可通过不同的体尺指标预测其体重;从主成分的特征根与累计贡献率来看,由第一主成分关系式可见,体重、胸围、体斜长、腹围、管围等的特征向量较大,对第一主成分的贡献也较大,基本反映11~14月龄奶水牛的体型结构,可称为体型因子,第二主成分为尻宽因子,第三主成分为体高因子。     

Genetic parameters for different growth scales in GIFT strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Body weight, length, width and depth at two growth stages were observed for a total of 5015 individuals of GIFT strain, along with a pedigree including 5588 individuals from 104 sires and 162 dams was collected. Multivariate animal models and a random regression model were used to genetically analyse absolute and relative growth scales of these growth traits. In absolute growth scale, the observed growth traits had moderate heritabilities ranging from 0.321 to 0.576, while pairwise ratios between body length, width and depth were lowly inherited and maximum heritability was only 0.146 for length/depth. All genetic correlations were above 0.5 between pairwise growth traits and genetic correlation between length/width and length/depth varied between both growth stages. Based on those estimates, selection index of multiple traits of interest can be formulated in future breeding program to improve genetically body weight and morphology of the GIFT strain. In relative growth scale, heritabilities in relative growths of body length, width and depth to body weight were 0.257, 0.412 and 0.066, respectively, while genetic correlations among these allometry scalings were above 0.8. Genetic analysis for joint allometries of body weight to body length, width and depth will contribute to genetically regulate the growth rate between body shape and body weight.     

犊牛早期(3月龄)断奶生长发育情况分析

[目的]探索犊牛早期(3月龄)断奶的可行性,为推广犊牛早期(3月龄)断奶技术提供依据,增加养殖企业的经济效益成本。[方法]试验选取出生后3月龄的西门塔尔犊牛,进行断奶饲养,测量断奶后不同日龄的体重及体尺指标,分析其生长发育情况,并对体重及体尺进行相关性分析。[结果]西门塔尔犊牛断奶后增重快速,断奶后90天,犊牛平均体重达到269.67kg,断奶后平均总增重达到101.54kg,全程日均增重为1128.22g。断奶后90天与断奶后30天比较,体斜长、体高、胸宽、胸深、胸围、腹围、臀围均呈现增加的趋势,其中增长较快的是腹围,其次是胸围,分别增加了19.0cm,14.67cm。体重与体斜长、体高、胸宽、胸深、胸围、腹围、臀围均呈正相关,其中体重与体斜长、体高、胸深、胸围、腹围呈极显著相关(p<0.01)。[结论]犊牛早期(3月龄)断奶后犊牛生长发育情况较好,犊牛早期(3月龄)断奶具有较强的可行性,可大范围推广。     

新疆也木勒白羊羔羊生长发育规律及其与体尺的相关性研究

试验对0~120日龄新疆也木勒白羊羔羊体尺指标、体重生长发育规律进行了分析,旨在为也木勒白羊品种选育提供理论依据。选择222只也木勒白羊初生羔羊,每30 d对其体尺、体重进行测量,直至120日龄。结果显示,也木勒白羊公、母羔早期各月龄体重、体尺累积增长差异极显著（P<0.01）,公羔生长发育较母羔快,公、母羔30~60日龄生长速度最快,30~60日龄公羔平均日增重（ADG）较母羔多6.8 g/d;体尺指标分析结果显示,体长、体高、管围、脂臀宽和脂臀厚在0~30日龄增长最快,胸围和脂臀长在30~60日龄增长最快,公、母羔脂臀长指标在90~120日龄差异明显;120日龄断奶羔羊体尺与体重表型相关性分析结果显示,羔羊胸围与体重的相关系数最大,脂臀长与体重的相关系数最小。通径分析结果显示,羔羊胸围对体重的直接作用较大,体高、体长、脂臀长和脂臀宽主要通过间接作用影响体重。公羔管围对体重的直接作用大于间接作用,母羔管围对体重的间接作用大于直接作用。     

Deficiency of uridine monophosphate synthase in Holstein cattle: inheritance and body measurements

Blood samples and body measurements were obtained from daughters of seven Holstein bulls previously shown to have a partial deficiency of uridine monophosphate (UMP) synthase and presumed to be heterozygous for the condition. Erythrocyte UMP synthase for 85 daughters showed a bimodal distribution with 42 having half the normal activity of 43 others. Furthermore, each bull had 50% of his daughters represented in each group, a finding fully consistent with the heterozygous designation of these bulls. Because UMP synthase is needed for pyrimidine biosynthesis and hence DNA and RNA metabolism, it was hypothesized that a partial deficiency could result in slower growth and smaller size for affected animals. Body measurements, as estimates of growth and size, included body length, wither height, hip height, hip width, rump length, pin width and taped body weight. Although measurements varied by age, differences between normal and heterozygous females were not found. One-half the normal activity of UMP synthase in cattle was adequate for near normal growth. Additionally, herd life was not significantly affected in heterozygous females.     

金湖乌凤鸡体重与体尺相关及回归分析

为了分析金湖乌凤鸡体重与体尺的相关性,选取120日龄公母鸡各100羽进行测定和分析,结果表明:公鸡的体重、体斜长、龙骨长、胸宽、胸深、胫长、胫围指标极显著大于母鸡(P＜0.01),公鸡的胸角极显著小于母鸡(P＜0.01).公鸡的体重、胸宽、胸深及母鸡体重、胸宽变异系数均大于10％,体尺其他性状指标均小于10％.公鸡体重...     

鲁西斗鸡体尺、体重及屠宰性状间的典型性相关分析

对鲁西斗鸡的体尺、体重和屠宰3组14个性状进行测定,并对这些变量进行了典型性相关分析。结果表明,体尺指标(胸深、胸宽、胫长、体斜长、龙骨长)间的相关系数为0.682~0.767;体重性状(初生重、180日龄重、日增重)间的相关系数为0.306~0.935,屠宰性能(胴体重、屠宰率、半净膛重、半净膛率、全净膛重,全净膛率)各项指标间高度相关,相关系数为0.945~0.986。体重性状和体尺性状间、体重性状与屠宰性状间及体尺性状与屠宰性状间的第一个典型相关系数差异极显著,其典型相关系数分别为0.705、0.560和0.878,贡献率分别为0.979、0.984和0.820。     

陇县改良母牛体尺、体尺指数比较分析

[目的]本文旨在寻找陇县改良母牛的生长发育规律,为乳用改良牛核心群的早期选育,固定乳用改良后代的优良性状况提供依据.[方法]随机抽取陇县改良母牛(0.5岁、3岁、5岁以上)个体体尺、体尺指数,采用方差分析和多重比较进行综合分析,通过各年龄组合内不同改良后代之间,横向比较不同年龄组合(0.5岁～3岁～5岁以上),纵向比较其体尺、体尺指数,[结果]显示改良个体0.5岁的体长指数,尻宽指数随着改良代数增加逐渐增大,体躯指数,胸围指数随着改良代数增加逐渐缩小,乳用体型及乳肉体型已基本具备等5条具有规律性.[结论]对0.5岁的早期个体,依照平均体尺、平均体尺指数,坚持"体尺绝对指标高于平均数,体长指数,体躯指数,胸围指数低于平均数,尻宽指数高于平均数"的早期乳用核心群的选育结论,对乳用改良工作具有一定的指导意义.     

河南小尾寒羊体尺与体重的相关性分析

为探讨河南小尾寒羊体尺指标与体重的相关性,更好的服务于选种、选育工作,作者运用SPSS软件对98只河南小尾寒羊的体尺、体重进行了相关分析和通径分析,并建立了最优回归方程。结果表明,河南小尾寒羊的体重（〖AKY-〗）与体高（X1）、体长（X2）、胸围（X3）、胸宽（X4）、胸深（X5）、尾宽（X6）、尾长（X7）呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）;体长、胸围、胸宽和胸深4个指标对体重的直接作用和间接作用都极大;得到最优回归方程为：〖AKY-〗=0.226X2＋0.535X3＋0.200X4。     

Comparison of radiographic and computed tomographic acetabular index in small-breed dogs: a preliminary study using Maltese and Shih Tzu

BackgroundThe morphometry of the acetabulum is one source of information that assists in the clinical diagnosis of the hip and influences the proper selection of a prosthesis, reducing post-operative complications such as those seen in total hip replacement (THR). However, acetabular parameters in small-breed dogs are rarely reported.ObjectivesTo investigate acetabular parameters using radiography and computed tomography (CT) in small-breed dogs with Maltese and Shih Tzu dogs used as model breeds.MethodsStandard calibrated, extended hip radiographs and CT images were obtained. Subsequently, acetabular width (AW) in various directions was measured using radiography and CT, whereas acetabular depth (AD) was obtained by CT. Acetabular index (AI) is a ratio calculated from AD and AW.ResultsThe values of AW and AD were much higher in Shih Tzu than in Maltese dogs. Male Shih Tzus showed higher values of these parameters than females, while sex-based differences in most of the parameters could not be detected in Maltese. Body weight, but not age, influenced AWs and ADs. While AWs and ADs were influenced by several factors, AI was comparable among the assessed factors and between Maltese and Shih Tzu dogs (p = 0.172; 31.42 ± 1.35 and 32.60 ± 1.80, respectively). Also, AI did not vary with breed, sex, or body size.ConclusionsThe obtained radiographic and CT acetabular parameters could be useful as guidelines for evaluating the acetabulum of small-breed dogs in clinical practice.     

无量山乌骨鸡体重和体尺测定及相关性分析

目的 研究不同性别无量山乌骨鸡体重、屠体重和体尺的相关性。方法 以18周龄无量山乌骨鸡为研究对象,测定公母各30只鸡体重、屠体重以及体斜长、龙骨长、胫长、胫围、髋宽、胸宽和胸深,应用独立样本t检验进行比较,采用Pearson分析法进行相关性分析。结果 无量山乌骨鸡公鸡体重、屠体重、体斜长、龙骨长、胫长、胫围、髋宽、胸宽和胸深极显著（P<0.01）高于母鸡。公鸡体重与屠体重、龙骨长和胫围极显著（P<0.01）正相关。母鸡体重与屠体重极显著（P<0.01）正相关,与胫围显著（P<0.05）正相关。结论 公鸡体重和体尺显著高于母鸡;体重与屠体重和胫围显著正相关;骨骼发育相关的龙骨长、胫长和胫围等体尺指标存在相关性。     

去势对17~21月龄西门塔尔牛生长性能的影响

本试验旨在研究去势对西门塔尔牛日增重及体尺的影响。选取50头健康的、16月龄的西门塔尔公牛,经药物驱虫后,依据体重进行单因素配对试验设计。结果表明,17~21月龄的体重和全期平均日增重去势组均比未去势组低,差异不显著(P>0.05);17~21月龄,去势组与未去势组间的体高、体斜长、胸围和腰角宽的长度及其全期月增加数差异均不显著(P>0.05);去势后第1个月(17月龄),去势组的体高、腰角宽和坐骨端宽的月增加数均极显著低于未去势组(P<0.01);17~19月龄去势组的坐骨端宽比未去势组少(P<0.05);全期平均腹围月增加数,去势组极显著高于未去势组(P<0.01)。结果说明,去势西门塔尔牛的全期平均日增重低于未去势西门塔尔牛;去势西门塔尔牛的生长曲线为指数曲线,未去势西门塔尔牛的生长曲线为S型;去势会短期抑制体高、腰角宽、坐骨端宽的月增长;去势能提高去势西门塔尔牛腹围的增长;西门塔尔牛在1.5岁时的体尺接近成年体尺。     

元江本地黄牛在不同饲养方式下生长曲线拟合及体重与体尺指标线性回归分析研究

[目的]文章旨在对元江本地黄牛在不同饲养方式下的体重和体尺等性状进行分析,研究其生长发育规律并构建通过体尺预测体重的回归方程。[方法]研究随机选取规模牛场舍饲饲养的本地黄牛以及牛场周边农户放牧饲养的本地黄牛各20头、公母各10头,从初生到12月龄逐月测定体重体尺,并拟合适宜的生长发育模型、体重与体尺指标及月龄的回归模型。[结果]研究结果显示,(1)Gompertz、Logistic、Von Bertalanffy、Brody 4种模型拟合肉牛体重的拟合度R²均较高,其中以Logistic模型最优。本地放牧黄牛和舍饲黄牛公牛增长拐点月龄分别为4.75月、5.23月,拐点体重分别为70.23 kg、101.28 kg;(2)元江本地放牧及舍饲黄牛公母牛体重、体尺与月龄之间均呈极显著相关(P<0.01)。(3)元江本地黄牛放牧及舍饲公母两组牛体重、体尺与月龄之间均呈极显著相关(P<0.01),多元线性回归方程中,月龄的回归系数都大于其余性状的回归系数。[结论]元江本地黄牛体重生长曲线的拟合以Logistic模型最优;两组牛体重、体尺与月龄之间均呈极显著相关,...     

空山黄牛体尺与体重最优回归模型建立

[目的]为了分析空山黄牛体重与体尺指标的相关关系,明确体尺对体重的直接和间接影响,建立回归方程。[方法]研究采集了舍饲条件下77头5～6岁空山黄牛空怀母牛的体重和体尺指标,运用SPSS 19.0软件进行相关性、通径以及逐步回归分析,并建立最优线性回归方程。[结果]空山黄牛体重与胸围、髻甲高、体斜长、十字部高、管围、腰角宽和尻长指标均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);胸围对体重的直接作用最大(系数为0.857);最优回归方程为Y=-772.054+4.481×X₃+2.965×X₁(R²=0.779,P<0.01),其中,X₁为髻甲高,X₃为胸围。[结论]该公式可用于舍饲条件下5～6岁空山黄牛空怀母牛体重估算。空山黄牛的选育在重视体重选择的同时,也要加强胸围、髻甲高、体斜长、管围和腰角宽的选择。     

荷斯坦奶牛牛嘴宽度影响因素分析及遗传参数估计

【目的】探究中国荷斯坦奶牛牛嘴宽度的群体规律,并估计其遗传参数。【方法】2021年7月至2021年8月分别在2个规模化奶牛场测定了628头泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛的牛嘴宽度及臀高、体高、体斜长和胸围等体尺性状,同时利用体斜长和胸围估计试验牛体重。利用SPSS 26.0软件分析了牧场、月龄和泌乳阶段等因素对牛嘴宽度的影响,以及牛嘴宽度与各体尺性状之间的相关关系;基于DMU软件采用单性状动物模型估计了牛嘴宽度的方差组分及遗传力。【结果】荷斯坦奶牛牛嘴宽度的群体平均值为17.28 cm,变异系数为5%,变异相对较小;牧场和月龄对牛嘴宽度均有极显著影响(P<0.01),泌乳阶段对牛嘴宽度有显著影响(P<0.05),牛嘴宽度随母牛月龄的增加呈逐渐增加的趋势,泌乳初期牛嘴宽度显著小于其他泌乳阶段(P<0.05);牛嘴宽度与各体尺性状之间存在极显著正相关(P<0.01);荷斯坦奶牛牛嘴宽度的遗传力估计值为0.28,为中高遗传力性状。【结论】牧场和月龄对奶牛牛嘴宽度影响极显著,泌乳阶段对奶牛牛嘴宽度影响显著,牛嘴宽度与臀高呈较弱相关。荷斯坦奶牛牛嘴宽度是一个具有中高遗传力的体尺性状。     

Estimates of environmental effects and genetic parameters for body measurements and weight in Brahman cattle raised in Mexico

A Derivative Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood (DFREML) algorithm was used with single trait and two traits animal models to estimate the variance and covariance components and thus, heritabilities and phenotypic, genetic and environmental correlations among nine different body measurements and weights of Brahman cattle raised in Mexico. The following measurements were considered: hip width, pin width, hip‐pin width, anterior height, posterior height, body length, thorax perimeter, scrotal circumference and weight. The analysis was based on a total of 1018 animals, born between 1992 and 1995, from 17 herds in the Mexican States of Chiapas, San Luis Potosi, Tabasco, Tamaulipas and Veracruz. The model included the following fixed effects: herd, year‐season of birth, sex, age of the animal and feed management. The only random effect was the direct additive genetic contribution of each animal. All fixed effects in the model were significant for all traits (p < 0.05). Estimated heritabilities for the traits were: hip width 0.57, pin width 0.32, hip‐pin width 0.41, anterior height 0.56, posterior height 0.54, body length 0.32, thorax perimeter 0.49, scrotal circumference 0.02 and weight 0.66. The magnitude of the heritabilities was medium to high, with the exception of scrotal circumference. The genetic correlations among all body measurements were consistently positive and high, ranging from 0.64 to 1.00. Although other measures showed higher genetic correlations with weight, thorax perimeter combines a high value (0.70) with ease and repeatability, making it a useful field measurement to estimate body weight when scales are not available.     

Analysis on Growth and Development Pattern of Holstein Cows in Changji Area of Xinjiang

The aims of this study were to understand the relationship between the indexes of body size and body weight in Holstein cows, and the variation pattern of body size and body weight of different age stages of Holstein cows in Changji area of Xinjiang were analyzed.This study based on the measurement record of the body size and body weight of 2 972 Holstein cows of different age stages from 2012 to 2013 in Changji area of Xinjiang, obtained the body size index of different age stages, and mapped out the cumulative growth curve, absolute growth curve and relative growth curve;At the same time, carried on a correlation analyses between each body size index and body weight of Holstein cows.The results showed that along with the increase of age, body size index and body weight of Holstein cows were increasing;At the age of 1 to 3, the growth and development were rapid, it was the most important period for the growth and development of cattle.The correlation coefficients among body height, body length, chest circumference, cannon circumference and body weight were reached significant level (P< 0.01).It was important to pay special attention to breeding management of Holstein cow before three years old, and ensured its nutritional requirements in order to achieve the best physical condition in the process of breeding.     

新疆昌吉地区荷斯坦奶牛生长发育规律分析

试验旨在分析新疆昌吉地区不同年龄阶段荷斯坦奶牛体尺、体重变化规律,了解荷斯坦奶牛体尺、体重指标之间的相关性。本研究对新疆昌吉地区测定的2012~2013年2 972头次不同年龄阶段的荷斯坦奶牛体尺、体重记录进行处理得出各年龄阶段的体尺指数,分别绘制了累积生长曲线、绝对生长曲线和相对生长曲线;并对荷斯坦奶牛各体尺指标与体重进行了相关性分析。结果表明,荷斯坦奶牛体尺、体重随着年龄的增加均呈递增趋势,在1~3岁时生长发育迅速,3岁以后,其生长速度和生长强度逐渐下降;体高、体长、胸围、管围和体重间的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P< 0.01)。在实际生产中,要特别注意荷斯坦奶牛3岁以前的饲养管理,保证其营养需求以达到最佳生理状态。     

萨福克羔羊0~65日龄生长发育规律研究

试验对萨福克羔羊0~65日龄生长发育规律进行了分析,旨在完善肉羊的生长发育规律研究,为萨福克羔羊0~65日龄的饲养管理及营养水平提供理论依据。试验于新疆华兴牧场惠康畜牧种羊繁育基地进行,供体母羊为纯种萨福克羊,受体母羊为哈萨克羊,并对出生的萨福克羔羊进行体尺、体重测量和记录,将数据输入Excel表格进行整理,并通过SPSS 16.0软件分析各性状平均值和各个体尺指标与体重平均值的相关性。结果表明,0~30日龄萨福克羊生长发育速度相对较快,公羔臀宽与体重的相关系数为0.989;管围与体重的相关系数为0.638;母羔臀宽与体重的相关系数为0.981,管围与体重的相关系数为0.654。0~30日龄萨福克羊公羔各性状的生长发育比母羔快,45~65日龄生长速度一致。羔羊0~15日龄体高、体长、胸围和体重等生长速度最快,而30~65日龄体高、体长、体重等部位生长速度较平稳;由体尺、体重相关性分析可知,臀宽与体重相关系数最大,管围和体重相关系数最小。由研究可知,0~30日龄营养要求关键,公羔与母羔的生长发育无明显差异,欲提高羔羊的生长发育速度则要注意羔羊各年龄阶段的生长发育规律,合理提供营养并提高饲料质量与管理水平。今后对萨福克羔羊的饲料管理中应该注重不同时期的饲养配方,合理改善饲养环境,使其发挥最大生长潜能。     

Body measurements of crossbred calves sired by Simmental bulls divergently selected for progeny first-calf calving ease in relation to birth weight

Simmental bulls (n = 27) were divergently selected on linear model first-calf calving ease expected progeny difference (CEPD) relative to birth weight expected progeny difference (BEPD) so that body measures of calves from sires whose progeny tended to be born either with more or less dystocia than expected from BEPD could be obtained. At birth, calf weight, head circumference, shoulder width, hip width, heart girth, cannon bone circumference and length, and body length were recorded for 204 calves. These measures had also been obtained from the Polled Hereford X Angus dams of the calves at their births. Sire differences (P less than .05) existed for calf cannon bone circumference and length before and after adjustment for gestation length and birth weight of the calf. Sire BEPD was positively associated with cannon and head circumferences independent of phenotypic birth weight and gestation length. No relationship existed between CEPD or threshold model first-calf calving ease expected progeny difference and any calf measure, either before or after adjustment for birth weight. Multivariate factor analysis was used to describe independent components of skeletal width, frame, and thickness after removal of birth weight effects; factors were not related to genetic merit for calving ease or observed calving performance. Independent of weight, newborn calf measures were not highly related to body measures at weaning or to dam birth measures. Body shape differences at constant weight existed in crossbred calves, but they were not related to sire genetic merit for calving ease or measured dystocia. Selection for calf body shape, independent of birth weight, would not reduce dystocia.