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Bjørg Heringstad Gunnar Klemetsdal John Ruane 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(1):15-20
The genetic trend for clinical mastitis was estimated for Norwegian Cattle, a population in which mastitis resistance has been included in the breeding programme since 1978. More than 1.2 million first-lactation daughters, with clinical mastitis records registered from 1978 to 1995, bred by 2043 sires, were analysed with a linear sire model. For bulls born from 1974 to 1990 a flat genetic trend for clinical mastitis was found. However, bull sires born from 1983 onwards, selected on a breeding goal with increased weight on mastitis relative to milk production, showed consistently larger and favourable selection differentials for mastitis relative to bull sires born earlier, which had an average selection differential of approximately zero. This will influence genetic trend in the population through their sons, which were born from 1990 onwards. 相似文献
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奶牛乳房炎是困扰奶牛养殖业发展最严重的疾病之一,特别是隐性乳房炎,临床症状不明显,不仅导致奶牛产乳量和乳质量的降低,还可能传染给其他奶牛,导致疾病的扩散.因此,只有对乳汁进行检测,通过其生理、生化等指标变化来判断乳房炎的发生情况.为减少该病的发生、提高乳质量,本文总结了奶牛隐性乳房炎的微生物学检验、细胞学检查、酶学指标... 相似文献
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对6头患有急性乳腺炎奶牛的24个乳区进行细菌的分离培养和初步的生化鉴定,检出葡萄球菌7株,无乳链球菌6株,大肠杆菌10株,棒状杆菌2株,分别占细菌检出数的28%,24%,40%,8%。 相似文献
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本试验通过与进口盐酸吡利霉素的对比,研究确定了国产盐酸吡利霉素对葡萄球菌、链球菌性乳房炎的治疗效果,旨在为药物的临床应用提供依据。结果表明,隐性乳房炎试验组和对照组的总有效率均为100%(12/12和10/10),治愈率分别为83.33%(10/12)和90%(9/10),平均用药次数为1.65次和1.5次;临床型乳房炎试验组的25mg组、50mg组、75mg组和对照组的总有效率分别为50%(5/10)、75%(10/12)、85.71%(12/14)和80%(8/10);治愈率为30%(3/10)、58.33%(7/12)、64.29%(9/14)和60%(6/10);平均用药次数为6次、4.9次、5.57次和5次。经卡方检验,试验组和对照组之间治愈率、有效率均无显著差异。可以得出国产盐酸吡利霉素对葡萄球菌和链球菌引起的隐性乳房炎和临床型乳房炎,均有良好的治疗效果。 相似文献
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Impact of milking characteristics and morphology of udder and teats on clinical mastitis in first- and second-lactation Norwegian cattle 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Trond Slettbakk Asbjrn Jrstad Thomas B. Farver John C. Holmes 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1995,24(4):235-244
Data from the Norwegian progeny testing program were used to examine the impact of milking characteristics and morphology of udder and teats on clinical mastitis in first- and second-lactation Norwegian cattle. The study was designed as a 1-1 matched case-control study with herd, parity, days in lactation and calving season as matching variables. Conditional maximum likelihood logistic regression was used to evaluate the effects of three primary (2 min milk, milk leakage and teat-end-to-floor distance) and six other study variables. Treatment records from the Norwegian health card system on acute and chronic clinical mastitis were used to define cases. The chosen model included 565 matched pairs. Significant risk factors of clinical mastitis were decreasing teat-end-to-floor distance (P = 0.02) and periparturient udder edema (P < 0.01).
Borderline effects were demonstrated by larger than herd-average teat diameter (P = 0.04), udder asymmetry (P = 0.05) and increasing 2 min milk (P = 0.08). Results were compared to a previous study on the same data with loge somatic cell count as the dependent variable. Inclusion of teat-end-to-floor distance in the genetic improvement scheme may increase the efficiency of genetic selection for mastitis resistance. 相似文献
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急性期蛋白及其在奶牛乳房炎发展中的作用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
急性期蛋白(Acute Phase Protein,APP)属于血液蛋白的一种,检测其水平可作为一种估计动物机体对疾病的先天性免疫反应的方法。当炎症、感染和创伤发生时,动物血清急性期蛋白浓度会增加或减少25%以上,它可以作为判断预后、评价治疗效果、衡量动物健康和诊断疾病方面的定量标记物。就像直肠温度一样,虽然不能对疾病进行特异性诊断,而且影响因素较多,但在机体受到病理损伤时,却具有极高的敏感性。当奶牛发生乳房炎时,可以分析其血清和乳汁中急性期蛋白的水平,监督乳房组织的炎症状态。 相似文献
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乳房炎是国内外奶牛生产中造成经济损失最大的疾病之一,作者就国内外奶牛临床型乳房炎的发生概况,致病菌,以及经济损失三方面进行了综述,旨在为改进奶牛场管理、加强乳房炎控制提供科学依据。 相似文献
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奶牛乳房炎是奶牛最常见的疾病之一,也是对奶牛危害性最大的一种疾病,严重制约着奶业的发展壮大和养牛效益的进一步提高。本调查主要通过对唐山市奶牛乳房炎流行病学各种情况的调查数据统计与分析,得出唐山市奶牛乳房炎的流行病学规律,为防治奶牛乳房炎提供一定的参考帮助,为制定唐山市奶牛乳房炎的综合防治措施提供可行性的依据。 相似文献
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壳聚糖对乳房炎奶牛血清自由基代谢的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
目的:探讨壳聚糖对乳房炎奶牛血清自由基代谢的影响。方法:选择产奶量、胎次和泌乳期相近,营养中等,乳房炎阴性6头,阳性30头,组成0(阴性对照组)、1(阳性对照组)和2、3、4、5组(试验组),每组6头。各组基础日粮相同。分别在各组基础日粮中添加壳聚糖0、0、10、20、40和80g/d·头。连续饲喂2周。分别于试验前(0周)、1周和2周采取血样,分离血清,测定血清SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力和MDA、NO的含量。结果:饲喂壳聚糖后,各组血清SOD与GSH-Px活力显著升高,血清MDA含量显著降低。各试验组奶牛血清CAT活力均有升高的趋势,血清NO含量有降低的趋势,但差异均不显著(P>0·05)。结论:壳聚糖具有提高乳房炎奶牛血清SOD和GSH-Px活力,降低血清MDA的含量,提高机体抗氧化能力,改善血清自由基代谢水平和促进炎症康复的作用。但对血清CAT和NO基本没有影响。 相似文献
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The aim of the present research was to develop a fuzzy logic model for classification and control of mastitis for cows milked in an automatic milking system. Recording of data was performed on the University of Kiel's experimental dairy farm “Karkendamm”. A data set of 403,537 milkings from 478 cows was used. Mastitis was determined according to three different definitions: udder treatments (1), udder treatment or somatic cell counts (SCC) over 100,000/ml (2) and udder treatment or SCC over 400,000/ml (3). Mastitis alerts were generated by a fuzzy logic model using electrical conductivity, milk production rate and milk flow rate as input data. To develop and verify the model, the data set was randomly divided into training data (284,669 milkings from 319 cows) and test data (135,414 milkings from 159 cows). The evaluation of the model was carried out according to sensitivity, specificity and error rate. If the block-sensitivity was set to be at least 80%, the specificities ranged between 93.9% and 75.8% and the error rate varied between 95.5% and 41.9% depending on mastitis definition. Additionally, the average number of true positive cows per day ranged from 0.1 to 7.2, and the average number of false negative positive cows per day ranged from 2.4 to 5.2 in an average herd size for the test data of 39.7 cows/day. The results of the test data verified those of the training data, indicating that the model could be generalized.
Fuzzy logic is a useful tool to develop a detection model for mastitis. A noticeable decrease in the error rate can be made possible by means of more informative parameters. 相似文献