Effect of sulphur fertilization on grain yield and yield components of winter wheat

Abstract

The effect of sulphur application on winter wheat yield and yield components on two different soils in northern Estonia and southern Estonia during 2004–2009 was investigated. Sulphur was applied with NS-fertilizer Axan or Axan Super at the rate of S 10 or 13.6 kg ha^?1 accompanied with nitrogen background of N 100 kg ha^?1, which effect was compared to effect of ammonium nitrate at the same rate of N. The rates of fertilizers were divided into two portions and applied at the growth stages 21–22 and 25–30. The effect of sulphur fertilization on the formation of wheat yield varied on a quite large scale depending on soil and weather conditions of trial locations. The yield components were closely related: when one component was changed, the other components sometimes compensated for grain yield.

Sulphur deficiency symptoms appeared on the break-stony soil at Saku in a somewhat stronger form than on the pseudopodzolic soil at Auksi. The results of field trials conducted at Saku during the four years can be summarized as follows: the application of sulphur increased the number of ears per unit area by an average of 14.0% and the number of grains per ear by an average of 18.6%. At the same time, sulphur decreased the 1000-grain weight. As a final result, sulphur application on break-stony soil increased the wheat yield by 1.16 t ha^?1 on average, i.e. by 23.0%. Sulphur application in trials conducted on pseudopodzolic soil at Auksi during years with different weather conditions in growing season proved highly effective in three of five trials. As an average of all trials in Auksi, the sulphur application increased the number of ears per unit area and the number of grains per ear by 23.9% and 7.7%, respectively. The grain yield increased under the influence of sulphur on the average of all trials conducted on pseudopodzolic soil by 1.25 t ha^?1, i.e. by 22.4%.     

Winter wheat fertilizing using nitrogen–sulphur fertilizer

Precise field experiments were established on two sites with winter wheat under different soil-climatic conditions in the Czech Republic. Four treatments were fertilized with same dose of nitrogen (200 kg N ha^?1) and increasing dose of sulphur (0, 10, 20 and 40 kg S ha^?1) using nitrogen–sulphur (N–S) fertilizer with calcium sulphate form. Soil and plant aboveground biomass samples were taken in the stages of development BBCH 26–28; 30–32; 37–39; 49–51. The winter wheat grain yield ranged between 7.20 and 10.86 t ha^?1 and had an increasing trend with increasing sulphur dose. Although the differences were usually not statistically significant, there were found increasing tendencies of bioavailable sulphur content in soil with increasing S split doses. Soil S content decreased with time probably due to plant uptake. Sulphur dose did not influence the S content in plant aboveground biomass. The total S contents in grain after harvest ranged between 0.09% and 0.14% and were not significantly influenced with the fertilizing treatment. The same statement is valid for the S content in straw, which ranged between 0.03% and 0.11%. Both, S content in winter wheat seeds and straw were strongly influenced by the site conditions.     

施肥对砂姜黑土基础肥力及强筋小麦产量、品质的影响

为探讨不同施肥方式对砂姜黑土的培肥效果和不同土壤基础肥力水平对优质强筋小麦产量及品质的影响,在22年长期定位试验的基础上,研究了不同施肥方式下砂姜黑土基础肥力的变化,并分析了土壤主要养分性状与强筋小麦产量和品质的关系.结果表明,长期单施有机肥或有机肥与化肥配合施用均能较单施化肥处理显著提高土壤全氮、有机质、碱解氮、速效磷及速效钾的含量;同一施氮水平,有机肥与化肥配施处理的基础肥力产量(不施肥时的产量)较单施化肥的高2715.0kg·hm-2.土壤有机质、全氮、全磷及速效磷含量与籽粒产量、蛋白质、湿面筋和沉降值均呈正相关.有机肥与化肥配施不仅是培肥地力的主要途径,同时还是确保优质小麦保优栽培,实现可持续发展的有效措施.     

Baking quality of wheat grain with regard to agrotechnical arrangements and location

The impact of the system of management of organic matter and mineral N fertilisation on wheat grain quality was investigated within a long-term IOSDV field experiment at Raki?an (south-western Pannonic-Continental climate) and at Jable (subalpine climate near Ljubljana, Slovenia). In addition to confirmation of the known fact that climatic conditions impact on the quality of wheat, a significant influence of the method of organic fertilisation and the mineral N rate on wheat quality (water absorption, also some direct indicators – quality group, bread shape, crust colour, crust appearance) was detected. FYM applications (30 t ha^?1 [1 LU ha^?1]) were reflected in more favourable values of direct and indirect quality indicators compared to the system of ploughing in straw. With wheat cultivar Reska indirect quality parameters (protein content, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, falling number, water absorption, flour analyses made by amylograph, extensiograph and farynograph) were not in accordance with the final score of bread made after the baking test. In setting the redemption price (in 2003/2004) parameters which reflect actual bread quality are insufficiently considered, so producers are more orientated to achieving a high grain yield than assuring high grain quality.     

施钴对冬小麦产量品质的影响

在潮土上采用田间小区试验,研究了钴元素对小麦产量和品质的影响。结果表明:施用适量的钴可以显著提高冬小麦的产量,改善冬小麦的品质。各施钴处理较对照增产7.4%～20.3%。施钴量在1.05kg.hm2以内,随着施钴量的增加,增产效应提高,当施钴量超过1.05kg.hm2时,随着施钴量的增加,冬小麦的产量增加,但增产效应下降。各施钴处理子粒蛋白质含量与蛋白质产量均有不同程度的提高,以Co2处理最高。此外,低浓度的钴(施钴量0.45～0.75kg.hm2)可以提高冬小麦子粒面粉的沉降值、总评价值和湿、干面筋含量,而高浓度的钴(施钴量大于1.35kg.hm2)则降低冬小麦子粒面粉沉降值、总评价值和湿、干面筋含量。土壤有效钴含量与施钴量呈极显著正相关,小麦籽粒中钴含量与施钴量呈显著正相关,地下部的钴含量显著大于地上部。     

Direct,Residual, and Cumulative Effects of Mixed Sludge Generated by Coca-cola Soft-Drink Industry on Crop Yield,Soil Fertility,and Heavy-Metal Uptake in Rice–Wheat Cropping Sequence

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of directly, residually, and cumulatively applied mixed sludge generated by the soft-drink industry on rice and wheat yields, soil fertility, grain heavy-metal uptake, depthwise distribution of micronutrients and heavy-metals after 3 years of application. Crop (rice/wheat) yield (grain/straw) increased significantly with direct sludge application at 10.0 t ha^?1 year^?1, either alone or jointly with fertilizers, over the absolute control. Interestingly, the effects of sludge application on crop (rice/wheat) yield either applied directly at 10.0 t ha^?1 year^?1, residually at 30.0 t ha^?1 year^?1, and/or cumulatively at 15.0 t ha^?1 were nonsignificant. Direct sludge application at 5.0/10.0 t ha^?1 year^?1 resulted in significant increase in heavy-metal uptake over the absolute control. The micronutrient/heavy-metal contents in surface soil were significantly greater with sludge application than those in subsurface layers. The results thus show that sludge application results in significant improvement in yield and soil fertility.     

Yields of wheat and soil carbon and nitrogen contents following long-term incorporation of barley straw and ryegrass catch crops

Abstract. Three successive crops of winter wheat were grown on a sandy loam to test the residual effect of long‐term annual incorporation of spring barley straw at rates of 0, 4, 8 and 12 t ha^?1, and ryegrass catch crops with or without additions of pig slurry. Soil receiving 4, 8 and 12 t ha^?1 of straw annually for 18 years contained 12, 21 and 30% more carbon (C), respectively, than soil with straw removal, and soil C and nitrogen (N) contents increased linearly with straw rate. The soil retained 14% of the straw C and 37% of the straw N. Ryegrass catch‐cropping for 10 years also increased soil C and N concentrations, whereas the effect of pig slurry was insignificant. Grain yield in the first wheat crop showed an average dry matter (DM) increase of 0.7 t ha^?1 after treatment with 8 and 12 t straw ha^?1. In the two subsequent wheat crops, grain yield increased by 0.2–0.3 t DM ha^?1 after 8 and 12 t straw ha^?1. No grain yield increases were found after 4 t straw ha^?1 in any of the three years. Previous ryegrass catch crops increased yields of wheat grain, but effects in the third wheat crop were significant only where ryegrass had been combined with pig slurry. Straw incorporation increased the N offtake in the first wheat crop. In the second crop, only 8 and 12 t straw ha^?1 improved wheat N offtake, while the N offtake in the third wheat crop was unaffected. Ryegrass catch crops increased N offtake in the first and second wheat crop. Again, a positive effect in the third crop was seen only when ryegrass was combined with slurry. Long‐term, annual incorporation of straw and ryegrass catch crops provided a clear and relatively persistent increase in soil organic matter levels, whereas the positive effects on the yield of subsequent wheat crops were modest and transient.     

Biofortification of wheat cultivars with selenium

ABSTRACT

Biofortification experiments with three winter wheat cultivars treated with sodium selenate through foliar- and soil-fertilisation were conducted at two locations in Croatia and Serbia in two consecutive years to increase the selenium (Se) concentration in bread-making wheat grain. The treatments were: (a) 5?g?ha^?1 Se foliar-, (b) 10?g?ha^?1 Se foliar- and (c) 10?g?ha^?1 Se in soil surface-application and they were compared with (d) control. Both Se foliar- and soil-fertilisation increased the Se concentration in grains from 2.6- to 4.6-fold. The concentration in grain was highest with Se foliar-fertilisation of 10?g?ha^?1 and it was increased by 29–32?µg Se kg^?1 dry weight for each gram of Se applied per ha. The wheat cultivars differed in grain yield and Se uptake (g?ha^?1 Se). However, on average, there were no differences between wheat cultivars with respect to Se grain concentrations. Agronomic use efficiency (by grain) was significantly higher for Se foliar- (19%) than for soil-fertilisation (13%). It can be concluded that agronomic biofortification of winter wheat can be effective in increasing Se grain concentration, where the efficiency depends on the rate of Se applied, application method and local environmental conditions rather than on cultivar differences.     

Response of wheat genotypes to zinc fertilization for improving productivity and quality

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of zinc (Zn) fertilization on yield potentiality and quality of promising wheat varieties during winter seasons of 2013–14 and 2014–15 at the research farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Among genotypes, HD 2967 genotype proved as best in realizing the highest grain yield (4.89 Mg ha^?1), net returns and benefit–cost ratio besides increased protein (13.4%) and wet gluten (29.4%) content in grain. Highest grain Zn concentration and recovery efficiency (RE) recorded in HD 2851 and HD 2687, respectively. HD 2932 registered lowest grain hardiness index (GHI) followed by PBW 343, indicating their better bread-making quality. With respect to Zn fertilization, application of 1.25 kg Zn Zn–ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (Zn–EDTA) + 0.5% foliar spray at maximum tillering and booting stages resulted in the highest yields, grain Zn concentration and RE followed by 2.5 kg Zn (ZnSO₄·7H₂O) + 0.5% foliar spray at both stages. These treatments are also superior most with respect to grain quality parameters such as protein, wet gluten and starch content. From profitability viewpoint, 2.5 kg Zn (ZnSO₄·7H₂O) + 0.5% two foliar sprays were most remunerative with maximum net returns and benefit–cost ratio.     

花后土壤干旱和渍水对不同专用小麦籽粒品质的影响

在温室盆栽条件下,以4个籽粒蛋白质含量不同的小麦基因型为材料,研究了花后土壤干旱(SRWC=45%～50%)、渍水和适宜水分条件(SRWC=75%～80%)下小麦籽粒主要品质特性。干旱显著提高各品种籽粒蛋白质含量、谷蛋白含量及谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白比值,并显著提高面粉干/湿面筋含量。渍水显著降低了籽粒谷蛋白含量及谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白比值。干旱和渍水均显著降低籽粒淀粉产量和支链淀粉含量,直链淀粉含量提高,从而不同程度地降低籽粒直/支链淀粉比。干旱和渍水对各品种籽粒面筋指数、沉降值和降落值的影响因品种而异。与对照相比,干旱和渍水下小麦籽粒各品质性状间的相关性降低,表明土壤水分逆境下各籽粒品质特征值与正常水分条件下差异明显,从而改变了专用小麦的籽粒品质特性。     

钾对强筋小麦产量和品质的调控效应

采用盆栽试验方法研究了钾对强筋小麦产量和品质的影响。结果表明，施用钾肥能增加小麦株高、穗长、千粒重及穗粒数，因而显著提高小麦产量，小麦增产10．2％～24．8％。施用钾肥能提高小麦籽粒蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量，但对籽粒沉降值的影响不大。     

Compost Input Effect on Dryland Wheat and Forage Yields and Soil Quality

Organic agricultural systems rely on organic amendments to achieve crop fertility requirements, and weed control must be achieved without synthetic herbicides. Our objective was to determine the crop yield and soil quality as affected by a transition from grass to dryland organic agriculture in the Central Great Plains of North America. This study evaluated three beef feedlot compost(BFC)treatments in 2010–2015 following biennial application rates: 0(control), 22.9, and 108.7 t ha~(-1) on two dryland organic cropping systems: a wheat(Triticum aestivum)-fallow(WF) rotation harvested for grain and a triticale(Triticosecale)/pea(Pisum sativum)-fallow(T/P-F) rotation harvested for forage. The triticale + pea biomass responded positively to the 108.7-t ha~(-1) BFC treatment,but not the 22.9-t ha~(-1) BFC treatment. The wheat biomass was not affected by BFC addition, but biomass N content increased.Beef feedlot compost input did not increase wheat grain yields, but had a positive effect on wheat grain Zn content. Soil total C and N contents increased with the rate of 108.7 t ha~(-1) BFC after three applications, but not with 22.9 t ha~(-1) BFC. Soil enzyme activities associated with N and C cycling responded positively to the 108.7-t ha~(-1) BFC treatment. Saturated salts were high in the soil receiving 108.7 t ha~(-1) of BFC, but did not affect crop yields. These results showed that BFC was effective in enhancing forage yields, wheat grain quality, and soil C and N, as well as specific microbial enzymes important for nutrient cycling. However, the large rates of BFC necessary to elicit these positive responses did not increase grain yields, and resulted in an excessive buildup of soil P.     

Comparative Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Organic Carbon and Wheat Productivity under Arid Region

ABSTRACT

Organic amendments in the soil perform better than synthetic fertilizers in regards to soil fertility and sustainable crop productivity. Experiments were conducted to compare the effects of organic and synthetic fertilizers on soil fertility and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity. Soil fertility and protein contents of wheat grains (13.2% and 13.3% during 2005–06 and 2006–07, respectively) were improved by organic amendments. However, synthetic fertilizer (at the rate of 150, 100, and 60 kg ha^?1 N, P₂O₅, and K₂O, respectively) applications resulted in the maximum grain yield (4.05 and 4.46 t ha^?1 during 2005–06 and 2006–07, respectively). The observed and simulated soil organic carbon (SOC) reasonably agreed during RothC model validation (R ² = 0.99). Economic analysis showed the maximum net profit and relative increase in income ($729 US ha^?1 and 309%, respectively) from inorganic treatment. Application of synthetic fertilizers increased grain yield and farm profit while organic manure enhanced grain quality. The RothC model had potential for determining the SOC in organic farming under arid environment.     

Zinc and amino acids on wheat-soybean intercropping under no-till management

Abstract

Foliar fertilization with micronutrients and amino acids (AAs) has been used to increase the grain yield and quality of different crops. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Zn and AAs foliar application on physiological parameters, nutritional status, yield components and grain yield of wheat-soybean intercropping under a no-till management. We used a randomized block experimental design consisting of eight treatments and four replicates. The treatments were five Zn rates (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8?kg ha^?1) and 2?L ha^?1 of AAs and three additional treatments: a control (without the Zn or AA application), 2?kg ha^?1 Zn and 2?kg ha^?1 Zn + 1?L AA. The treatments were applied by spraying during the final elongation stage and at the beginning of pre-earing for the wheat and in growth stage V6 for the soybean for two crop years in a Typic Oxisol (860?g kg^?1 clay). Zinc foliar fertilization increased the wheat grain Zn concentrations. The Zn rates and AA foliar fertilization in soil with did not affect the physiological parameters, nutrient status or yield components. The AA application at the different concentrations tested changed the soybean grain yield and the leaf N concentration. The results suggest that Zn and amino acids application increases the grains Zn concentration in the wheat, being an important strategy to agronomic biofortification.     

Distribution and recovery of nitrogen from legume residues decomposing in soils sown to wheat in the field

Unground ¹⁵N-labelled medic material (Medicago littoralis) was mixed with topsoils at 3 field sites in South Australia, allowed to decompose for about 8 months before sowing wheat, and then for a further 7 months until crop maturity. The site locations were chosen to permit comparisons of recoveries and distribution of ¹⁵N in soils (organic N and inorganic N to 90 cm depth) and wheat (grain, straw and roots to 20 cm depth) in areas where rainfall (and wheat yields) differed greatly. Soils differed also in their texture and organic matter contents. Recoveries of applied ¹⁵N in wheat plus soil were 93.1% from a sandy loam (Caliph) and 92.3% from a sandy soil (Roseworthy) despite differences in rainfall and extent of leaching of the ¹⁵NO₃^? formed from the decomposing medic residues. From a heavy clay soil (Northfield), which received the highest rainfall, the ¹⁵N recovery was 87.7%. The loss of ¹⁵N at this site was not due to leaching, as judged by ¹⁵NO₃^? distribution in the soil profile at seeding and crop maturity.Wheat plants took up only 10.9–17.3% of the ¹⁵N added as legume material. Percentage uptakes of ¹⁵N were not related to grain yields. The proportions of wheat N derived from decomposing medic residues were 9.2% at Caliph (input medic, N, 38 kg N ha^?1), 10.5% at Roseworthy (input medic N, 57 kg N ha^?1), and only 4.6% at Northfield (input medic N, 57 kg N ha^?1). Most (51–70%) of the ¹⁵N recovered in wheat was accounted for in the grain. Inorganic ¹⁵N in the soil profiles was depleted during the cropping phase, and at wheat harvest represented from 0.6 to 3.1% only of ¹⁵N inputs. The major ¹⁵N pool was soil organic ¹⁵N accounting for 71.9–77.7% of ¹⁵N inputs.We conclude that, in the context of N supply from decomposing medic tissues to wheat crops, the main value of the legume is long-term, i.e. in maintaining soil organic N concentrations to ensure adequate delivery of N to future cereal crops.The N of the wheat was not uniformly labelled, root N being generally of the highest atom% enrichmensts, and straw N of the lowest. Nevertheless, at the Roseworthy site, the enrichments of wheat N were similar to those of NO₃^? N in the profile at seeding, indicating that the proportions of ¹⁴N and ¹⁵N in the inorganic N pool did not change appreciably during the cropping period. By assuming equilibrium at this site, we calculate that during 15 months decomposition the soil plus legume delivered about 189 kg N ha^?1, of which 93.2 kg ha^?1 (49.3%) was taken up by the wheat, 37.2 kg ha^?1 (19.7%) was immobilized or remained as fine root residues, and 17.3 kg ha^?1 (9.2%) remained as inorganic N in the soil profile; 41.7 kg ha^?1 (22.1%) was unaccounted for in the soil-plant system, and was probably lost via inorganic N. Thus about 6.5 kg inorganic N ha^?1 was supplied by the soil plus medic residues per 100 kg dry matter ha^?1 removed as wheat grain.     

Type and placement of zinc fertilizer impacts cadmium content of harvested durum wheat grain

Due to potential international marketing concerns, North Dakota durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. Desf.) producers require strategies that limit cadmium (Cd) in harvested grain. These trials were conducted in order to determine the impact of type and placement of zinc (Zn) fertilizer on harvested grain seed Cd levels and to determine the best timing of foliar Zn-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Foliar Zn-EDTA applied at Feekes 10 growth stage had the lowest grain Cd of 0.97 mg kg^?1 when evaluating different fertilizer sources and application timings. Application of 22.4 kg ha^?1 potassium chloride with the seed at planting resulted in the highest grain Cd of 0.151 mg kg^?1 and might be a concern when environmental conditions are conducive for Cd uptake from soil. Stepwise linear regression determined that soil pH and chloride explained 96% of the variability of grain Cd. Applying 1.1 kg Zn ha^?1 as foliar Zn-EDTA in combination with 33 kg nitrogen ha^?1 at Feekes 10.54 growth stage resulted in significantly lower grain Cd, and significantly higher grain Zn, iron, and protein content. Treatments that significantly lowered grain Cd did not decrease grain yield, test weight, or protein content. The treatments that most reduced grain Cd resulted in the most benefits from a production, marketing, and nutritional standpoint and represents an agronomic approach to biofortification of durum wheat.     

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT HARVEST TIME AND SULFUR FERTILIZATION ON AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF LENTIL

The effects of sulfur (S) fertilization and harvest time on amino acid composition of seeds of field-grown lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) at two different sites were studied. The aim of this study was to determine amino acid content of seed protein and to increase low levels of sulfur amino acids and trytophan in lentil seeds, which are major components for grain quality, with sulfur fertilization and farming practices in lentil. For this purpose, lentil was sown at two locations on 18 and 19 October 2007, 0 kg S ha^?1, 25 kg S ha^?1, and 50 kg S ha^?1 rates were used in the study. The plants were harvested at three different periods: early, optimal, and late period. According to the results, amino acid contents of protein were increased by sulfur fertilization and by the late harvest period.     

Grain phosphorus and phytate contents of wheat genotypes released during last 6 decades and categorization of selected genotypes for phosphorus use efficiency

Grain phosphorus (P) and phytate contents are important for early growth and quality of wheat, respectively. We studied seed P and phytate contents of 57 wheat genotypes released during last 6 decades. The grain total P and phytate P concentrations ranged from 2.0 to 8.9 mg g^?1 and 1.6 to 4.7 mg g^?1, respectively. Grain P was higher in genotypes released in current or last decade than pre-green revolution period and it correlated well with grain phytate contents. Indicating that breeders worked only for increased grain P and did not consider the phytate contents. Twenty-five genotypes were selected based on differences in grain P and phytate contents to observe the P use efficiency under field conditions. Genotypes differed significantly for grain P and yield at both 0 and 60 kg ha^?1 P levels. In conclusion, phytate fraction in grains of recent wheat genotypes was more as compared to old genotypes and genotype Inqlab-91 and Chakwal-86 had maximum grain total P. Moreover, number of productive tillers, spikelet per spike, grain weight, harvest index and grain P concentration and uptake were found responsible for P tolerance under P deficiency.     

Effect of zinc application methods on apparent utilization efficiency of zinc and potassium fertilizers under rice-wheat rotation

Apparent utilization of zinc (Zn) and potassium (K) fertilizers was examined in rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using combinations of no K; soil applied K levels and no Zn; soil and foliar applied Zn. Application of 33.2 kg K ha^?1 in rice and 24.9 kg K ha^?1 in wheat along with foliar spray of 2 kg Zn ha^?1 at 30 and 60 days gave the highest mean grain yields. Foliar application of zinc increased Zn concentration in flag leaves, grain, and straw of rice and wheat and K concentration in flag leaves of rice and straw of wheat significantly. Potassium application increased Zn concentration in rice grain and straw and K concentration in wheat straw significantly. Zinc and K increased the uptake of each other in grain; straw and total uptake by both crops significantly. Zinc fertilizer enhanced the utilization of soil K. Potassium fertilizer enhanced the utilization of applied Zn.     

The effect of soil-climate conditions on yielding parameters,chemical composition and baking quality of ancient wheat species Triticum monococcum L., Triticum dicoccum Schrank and Triticum spelt L. in comparison with modern Triticum aestivum L.

Triticum monococcum L., Triticum dicoccum Schrank and Triticum spelt L. nowadays offer an alternative to Triticum aestivum L. We analyzed grain and straw yield, yielding parameters, chemical composition and bakery quality of these species and compared them with modern T. aestivum at three sites with different soil-climate conditions. The average grain yield varied from 0.41 t ha^?1 (T. monococcum) to 5.17 t ha^?1 (T. aestivum), straw yield varied from 1.50 t ha^?1 (T. dicoccum) to 5.83 t ha^?1 (T. aestivum). The yielding parameters and chemical composition of the grain were significantly influenced by soil-climate conditions and wheat species. The highest average crude protein content was recorded in T. spelta (20.55%), while the lowest in T. aestivum (11.20%). The Zeleny’s sedimentation test ranged from 9.0 ml (T. monococcum) to 34.5 ml (T. aestivum) and the value of the Gluten index varied from 7.45 (T. dicoccum) to 89.75 (T. aestivum). According to the results, ancient wheat species provides lower grain and straw yields, higher protein content and mineral concentrations. Concentration of proteins and grain’s baking quality strongly depends on wheat species and soil-climate conditions.