长期施肥对华北平原土壤生产力的影响

Soil productivity is the ability of a soil, in its normal environment, to support plant growth and can be evaluated with respect to crop production in unfertilized soil within the agricultural ecosystem. Both soil productivity and fertilizer applications affect crop yields. A long-term experiment with a winter wheat-summer maize rotation was established in 1989 in a field of the Fengqiu State Key Agro-Ecological Experimental Station, a region typical of the North China Plain, including seven treatments: 1) a balanced application of NPK chemical fertilizers(NPK); 2) application of organic fertilizer(OM); 3) application of 50% organic fertilizer and50% NPK chemical fertilizers(1/2OMN); 4) application of NP chemical fertilizers(NP); 5) application of PK chemical fertilizer(PK);6) application of NK chemical fertilizers(NK); and 7) unfertilized control(CK). To investigate the effects of fertilization practices on soil productivity, further pot tests were conducted in 2007–2008 using soil samples from the different fertilization treatments of the long-term field experiment. The soil sample of each treatment of the long-term experiment was divided into three pots to grow wheat: with no fertilization(Potunf), with balanced NPK fertilization(PotNPK), and with the same fertilizer(s) of the long-term field experiment(Potori). The fertilized soils of the field experiment used in all the pot tests showed a higher wheat grain yield and higher nutrient uptake levels than the unfertilized soil. Soil productivity of the treatments of the field experiment after 18 years of continuous fertilizer applications were ranked in the order of OM 1/2OMN NPK NP PK NK CK. The contribution of soil productivity of the different treatments of the field experiment to the wheat grain yield of Potoriwas 36.0%–76.7%, with the PK and NK treatments being higher than the OM, 1/2OMN, NPK, and NP treatments since the soil in this area was deficient in N and P and rich in K. Wheat grain yields of PotNPKwere higher than those of Potoriand Potunf. The N, P, and K use efficiencies were higher in PotNPKthan Potoriand significantly positively correlated with wheat grain yield. Soil organic matter could be a better predictor of soil productivity because it correlated more strongly than other nutrients with the wheat grain yield of Potunf. Wheat yields of PotNPKshowed a similar trend to those of Potunf, indicating that soil productivity improvement was essential for a further increase in crop yield. The long-term applications of both organic and chemical fertilizers were capable of increasing soil productivity on the North China Plain, but the former was more effective than the latter. The balanced application of NPK chemical fertilizers not only increased soil productivity, but also largely increased crop yields, especially in soils with lower productivity. Thus, such an approach should be a feasible practice for the sustainable use of agricultural soils on the North China Plain, particularly when taking into account crop yields, labor costs, and the limited availability of organic fertilizers.     

有机无机肥配施锌肥和石灰对双季稻产量及土壤养分特性的影响

在南方典型双季稻种植区,通过2年试验综合评价在有机无机肥配施基础上施用锌肥和石灰对双季稻产量与土壤养分特性的影响,以期提出培肥土壤和提高水稻产量的理想施肥模式。设置有机肥+无机肥(T1)、锌+有机肥+无机肥(T2)、石灰+有机肥+无机肥(T3)、锌+石灰+有机肥+无机肥(T4)4个处理,测定了土壤有效锌、碱解氮、有效锌含量和pH,分析了水稻产量和土壤综合肥力。结果表明:(1)相比T1处理,T2处理显著提高了早晚稻千粒重和结实率,显著增产8.7%,而T3处理不利于水稻稳产,显著降低了千粒重,并在第2年减产(5.6%)显著;T4处理表现出来的产量规律与T3处理类似,均于第2年表现减产。(2)施用锌肥、石灰均有利于提高土壤有效磷和碱解氮含量,石灰显著提高土壤pH,但T3、T4处理土壤有效锌含量显著下降,较T1处理分别下降39.0%和31.9%,而连年施用锌肥有利于有效锌的提高,T2较T1处理土壤有效锌含量提高22.2%。(3)土壤综合肥力表现为T2T4T1T3,施用锌肥相比石灰更有利于提高土壤肥力。综上所述,施用锌肥能显著提高土壤速效养分含量,增产显著,而连年施用石灰显著降低了土壤中有效锌含量。因此,在缺锌土壤中需慎施石灰,而长期施用石灰的土壤,应追施锌肥。综合土壤养分含量和水稻产量评价,有机+无机+锌肥的施肥模式为理想施肥模式。     

Relation between soil organic matter and yield levels of nonlegume crops in organic and conventional farming systems

The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction between yield levels of nonleguminous crops and soil organic matter (SOM) under the specific conditions of organic and conventional farming, respectively, and to identify implications for SOM management in arable farming considering the farming system (organic vs. conventional). For that purpose, correlations between yield levels of nonlegume crops and actual SOM level (C_org, N_t, C_hwe, N_hwe) as well as SOM‐level development were examined including primary data from selected treatments of seven long‐term field experiments in Germany and Switzerland. Yield levels of nonlegume crops were positively correlated with SOM levels, but the correlation was significant only under conditions of organic farming, and not with conventional farming treatments. While absolute SOM levels had a positive impact on yield levels of nonlegumes, the yield levels of nonlegumes and SOM‐level development over time correlated negatively. Due to an increased demand of N from SOM mineralization, higher yield levels of nonlegumes obviously indicate an increased demand for OM supply to maintain SOM levels. Since this observation is highly significant for farming without mineral‐N fertilization but not for farming with such fertilization, we conclude that the demand of SOM‐level maintenance or enhancement and thus adequate SOM management is highly relevant for crop production in organic farming both from an agronomical and ecological point of view. Under conventional management, the agronomic relevance of SOM with regard to nutrient supply is much lower than under organic management. However, it has to be considered that we excluded other possible benefits of SOM in our survey that may be highly relevant for conventional farming as well.     

有机-无机肥长期配施对潮土土壤肥力和作物产量的影响

以24年(19812～004年)的肥料长期定位试验为基础,分析探讨了有机-无机肥长期配施对潮土土壤肥力和作物产量的影响。研究结果表明,除增施秸秆外,增施化肥也能提高土壤有机质的含量,但同时增施化肥和秸秆更有利于土壤有机质的积累。在提高有机质复合量方面,施用化肥的效果好于施用秸秆,而有机-无机肥结合效果较单一施用秸秆或化肥都要高;随秸秆或化肥施用量的增加有机质的复合度逐渐降低,但有机-无机肥结合施用可以提高有机质的复合度。有机-无机结合有利于改善土壤的物理性状,降低了土壤容重,提高了土壤田间持水量和饱和含水量,增加了土壤总孔隙度和毛管孔隙。单施秸秆肥和单施化肥均有显著的增产效应,而化肥的增产幅度远远大于秸秆肥,有机-无机结合的增产幅度在同等施肥量下较单独施用秸秆或化肥的产量都要高。结果表明,有机-无机结合较单一施用秸秆肥或化肥能更有效地提高潮土的土壤肥力,提高作物产量。     

西湖平原区连续13年定位施肥对麦、稻产量及土壤肥力的影响

以浙江省水网平原水稻主产区土壤为对象,通过定位试验,研究了连续13年的不同施肥处理对麦稻产量、土壤养分状况和物理性状的影响。结果表明,化肥配施有机肥可显著提高麦、稻产量; 不同施肥处理的长期定位试验土壤有机质含量和全氮均呈上升趋势,增幅依次为: 栏肥+NPK秸秆+NPKNPK秸秆栏肥CK处理; 土壤碱解氮和速效磷也呈增加趋势,以栏肥+NPK处理的增幅最为明显。土壤物理性状的分析表明,长期施肥均能明显增加土壤水稳性团粒含量和土壤孔隙度。经土壤养分平衡分析,栏肥+NPK、秸秆+NPK和NPK处理的氮和磷呈现盈余,秸秆和CK处理氮和磷亏缺; 栏肥+NPK和秸秆+NPK处理钾基本平衡,NPK、秸秆、栏肥和CK处理钾严重亏缺。长期定位试验进一步证明有机肥与氮、磷、钾化肥长期配合施用可实现当地农作物持续稳产,农田施肥管理要注意适当减少氮、磷投入,增加钾肥施用量,保持农田土壤养分平衡。     

有机-无机肥配施的增产效应及对土壤肥力影响的定位研究

本文根据１３年的研究资料，较系统的阐述了不同量有机肥与氮、磷化肥配合施用，及关中灌区两熟制粮食产量、土壤肥力和养分平衡的影响。     

长期施钾与秸秆还田对华北潮土和褐土区作物产量及土壤钾素的影响

分析了在华北平原的河北潮土和山西褐土上连续13年施用钾肥和秸秆还田下的大田作物产量和耕层土壤钾素状况。结果表明,在施用氮磷肥基础上长期施钾和秸秆还田能增加小麦和玉米产量,各施钾处理产量与氮磷处理差异显著。两定位点钾肥和秸秆还田的效应不尽相同;小麦年际间各处理产量变异（CV≤13%）小于玉米（CV14%）,河北潮土上的玉米增产效果高于小麦。与山西单作制度相比,河北轮作制度下土壤钾素支出大。秸秆还田和施用钾肥较只施氮磷肥可不同程度提高河北潮土和山西褐土0-20和20-40 cm两土层水溶性钾 （河北0-20 cm平均提高5.8 mg/kg,山西16.9 mg/kg,下同）、非特殊吸附钾（21.2 mg/kg,35.9 mg/kg）、非交换性钾（75.1 mg/kg,57.5 mg/kg）、矿物钾（0.03％,0.01％）及全钾含量;降低矿物钾比例的同时提高其余几种形态钾的比例。随土层加深,除矿物钾外,其余形态钾含量和比例均下降,特殊吸附钾不受施钾措施和土层深度的影响。直接施用钾肥效果优于秸秆还田,且两种措施对上层土壤各形态钾的影响效果大于下层土。     

我国南方秸秆还田的培肥增产效应

分别在安徽、湖南、湖北、广西和江苏布置定位试验2年,研究秸秆还田对水稻土的培肥增产效应。结果表明,相比对照(常规施肥,无秸秆还田),秸秆还田(常规施肥+秸秆腐熟剂+秸秆还田)2年来,各试验区域土壤结构疏松,肥力提高,产量增加。总体表现为:土壤容重平均下降2.69%;有机质、全氮、全磷、速效磷、全钾、速效钾和缓效钾分别平均增加6.20%、4.45%、3.68%、6.21%、3.48%、8.42%和4.20%;pH值变化不明显;作物平均增产7.5%(2.2%～18.5%),增幅为水稻(7.2%)<油菜(8.1%)<小麦(11.9%),增产效应均为第1年最明显,且随秸秆还田年限的延续而减缓。在我国应更大面积推广秸秆还田。     

新建大棚番茄有机肥替代化肥的适宜比例及效应

  【目的】  有机肥氮替代部分化肥是实现作物高产优质、化肥增效和快速培肥土壤的重要技术途径。研究有机肥与化肥不同比例配施对新建温室中番茄产量、品质、氮肥效率和土壤理化性状的影响,以期为设施蔬菜减肥增效提供理论依据和技术支撑。  【方法】  2017和2018年在鲁西南的两个新建大棚进行了试验,供试番茄品种为‘亚特兰大’。依据当地番茄N–P₂O₅–K₂O推荐量 (1108–955–1108),设置100%化肥 (FP) 和10%、20%、30%、40%的有机肥氮替代比例 (FM10、FM20、FM30、FM40) 处理,以不施氮肥为对照 (CK),分析了番茄果实及植株氮磷钾含量,番茄NO₃–-N、维生素C (Vc)、总糖、酸度以及收获后0—30 cm土壤养分含量及容重、孔隙度等物理性状指标,并计算经济效益。  【结果】  有机肥氮替代比例在10%～30%内时,番茄产量随有机肥氮替代比例的提高而提高,以FM30处理的番茄产量最高,净收益最大,比FP处理增产4.03%,增收6.9%。FM30和FM40处理的番茄果实的硝酸盐含量比FP处理均降低了21.2%左右,FM10处理的番茄Vc、总糖含量最高,随有机肥氮替代比例增加,番茄Vc、糖酸比和总糖含量降低。FM30处理的番茄氮素利用率最高,比FP处理提高了17.7%。与FP处理相比,FM30和FM40处理的土壤硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量显著降低,土壤容重也显著降低,但土壤有机碳含量得到显著增加。  【结论】  当有机氮替代30%的化肥氮时,可以显著提高番茄产量和品质,改善土壤肥力,减少速效养分的残留。     

不同有机替代减肥方式对玉米生长及土壤肥力的影响

研究不同有机替代减肥方式对玉米生长及土壤肥力的影响,为玉米生产中减肥增效提供经济可行的施肥方案和理论依据。通过大田试验,设置不施肥空白(CK)、常规施肥(CF)、腐植酸有机肥+氮肥减量10%+磷钾肥(HF)、肥料增效剂+氮肥减量10%+磷钾肥(BN)、商品有机肥+氮肥减量10%+磷钾肥(OF)5个处理。结果表明:较CF处理,HF、BN和OF处理促进了玉米的生长,增加不同生育期的玉米株高和茎粗;有效改善玉米穗部性状和产量构成,玉米产量分别增加了11.12%,6.47%,14.43%,净收益分别增加了217.24,564.99,-506.46元/hm~2;提高玉米生育期内的土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量;提高了肥料利用率、养分偏生产力和养分农学利用效率,其中氮肥分别显著提高了8.15%,9.34%,14.08%(P0.05),钾肥分别显著提高15.92%,21.13%,29.36%(P0.05)。因此,HF和BN处理可以促进玉米生长,增产增效,提高肥料利用率和土壤肥力,为有玉米生产中减肥增效提供了经济可行的施肥方案和理论依据。     

有机物料与化肥配施提高黄泥田水稻产量和土壤肥力

农业有机物料具有资源化再利用的特点,与化肥配施既可以保证作物产量,也可以提升地力。为了建立最适宜的南方低产黄泥田培肥模式,该文在浙江金衢盆地开展3年田间试验研究化肥与不同有机物料(菇渣、紫云英、牛粪和秸秆)配施对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:1)有机物料与化肥配施可以显著提高水稻产量,化肥+菇渣、化肥+紫云英、化肥+牛粪和化肥+秸秆处理下,水稻三年的平均产量分别比单施化肥提高了9.7%、9.5%、12.3%和9.5%;2)有机物料与化肥配合施用,土壤有机质、土壤养分(全氮、有效磷、速效钾和CEC)及土壤容重较单施化肥处理有一定程度的改善,其中,化肥+牛粪效果最明显,有机质质量分数提高了12.5%,土壤有效磷质量分数提高了37.7%,CEC提高了16.1%;3)与单施化肥相比,化肥+菇渣、化肥+牛粪处理下5 mm机械稳定性大团聚体分别提高了10.4%和6.7%,各配施处理均显著降低了团聚体破坏率。总得来讲,连续三年有机物料与化肥配施较单施化肥处理提高了水稻产量、改善了土壤肥力状况、增加了土壤团聚体稳定性,其中又以牛粪与化肥配合施用效果最佳。     

有机肥在油-稻轮作田块对油菜生长和土壤肥力的影响

研究旨在探明油菜-水稻轮作制田块油菜季单施有机肥,油菜获得最高经济产量时田块有机肥的最佳施用量,为田块两熟制土壤培肥过程中采用有机肥在油菜季一次施用多年利用技术提供理论依据。试验在金华市蒋堂农业科学试验站进行,试验设:油菜、水稻不施肥对照处理(CK);油菜、水稻常规施化肥对照处理(CF);油菜施有机肥15 t/hm~2(T1)、30 t/hm~2(T2)、45 t/hm~2(T3)、60 t/hm~2(T4)、75 t/hm~2(T5),水稻均不施肥。共7个处理。结果表明,单施有机肥油菜经济产量最高,为2 300 kg/hm~2,比CK增产185%,比CF增产11.4%,油菜氮、磷、钾养分总吸收量最高,分别为87.2、34.7、146 kg/hm~2,分别比CK增加224%、427%、477%,分别比CF增加10.7%、230%、175%,以经济产量为依据,试验条件下油菜季单施有机肥的最佳施用量为60 t/hm~2;有机肥施用一年后,土壤pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、阳离子交换量均不同程度增加,且有机肥用量达到60 t/hm~2后各肥力值与CK比较均达显著差异。     

连续三年施用麸酸有机复混肥对蜜柚产量、品质及土壤肥力性状的影响

在蜜柚上连续3年施用麸酸有机复混肥或麸酸有机复混肥与化肥不同比例配施,在等养分条件下,其产量均较单施化肥有不同程度的提高,年均增幅为6.0%~12.0%,其中以75%麸酸有机复混肥 25%化肥处理产量最高,同时,配施麸酸有机复混肥的蜜柚裂果率有所下降,而果实Vc、可溶性固形物含量均有不同程度的提高;麸酸有机复混肥与化肥不同比例配施以75%麸酸有机复混肥 25%化肥处理经济效益最高,其3年年均效益较单施化肥提高8.3%,但其土壤速效养分含量相对较低。     

热带农业生态系统土壤肥力与植物养分综合管理研究进展

The greatest challenge for tropical agriculture is land degradation and reduction in soil fertility for sustainable crop and livestock production.Associated problems include soil erosion,nutrient mining,competition for biomass for multiple uses,limited application of inorganic fertilizers,and limited capacity of farmers to recognize the decline in soil quality and its consequences on productivity.Integrated soil fertility management(ISFM) is an approach to improve crop yields,while preserving sustainable and long-term soil fertility through the combined judicious use of fertilizers,recycled organic resources,responsive crop varieties,and improved agronomic practices,which minimize nutrient losses and improve the nutrient-use efficiency of crops.Soil fertility and nutrient management studies in Ethiopia under on-station and on-farm conditions showed that the combined application of inorganic and organic fertilizers significantly increased crop yields compared to either alone in tropical agro-ecosystems.Yield benefits were more apparent when fertilizer application was accompanied by crop rotation,green manuring,or crop residue management.The combination of manure and NP fertilizer could increase wheat and faba bean grain yields by 50%–100%,whereas crop rotation with grain legumes could increase cereal grain yields by up to 200%.Although organic residues are key inputs for soil fertility management,about 85% of these residues is used for livestock feed and energy;thus,there is a need for increasing crop biomass.The main incentive for farmers to adopt ISFM practices is economic benefits.The success of ISFM also depends on research and development institutions to provide technical support,technology adoption,information dissemination,and creation of market incentives for farmers in tropical agro-ecosystems.     

Integrated analysis of changes in soil microbiota and metabolites following long-term fertilization in a subtropical maize-wheat agroecosystem

Although the application of inorganic fertilizer is a widespread agronomic practice used to boost soil productivity and crop yields, the effects on soil microbiome and the metabolic mechanisms involved in the high-yield response of crops to long-term fertilization remain poorly described. In this study, combined metagenomic and metabolomic analyses were used to explore the mechanism of crop yield response to the 20-year application of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers in a subtropical ag...     

牛粪有机肥替代化肥对茶叶产量、品质及茶园土壤肥力的影响

有机肥的施用是改善茶叶品质、提高茶叶产量的重要措施之一,牛粪资源化利用有助于降低对农业生态环境的污染,为探讨牛粪有机肥对茶叶产量和品质的影响,通过连续2年（2019—2020年）的田间定位试验,研究了不同比例牛粪有机肥替代化肥对六安瓜片乌牛早茶叶内外品质、产量及茶园土壤肥力的影响,筛选了适宜茶园的牛粪有机肥替代化肥比例。结果表明：全部化肥处理乌牛早茶叶产量最高,为821.87 kg/hm²,其次是牛粪有机肥完全替代化肥处理,为817.13 kg/hm²,随着牛粪有机肥替代比例增加,乌牛早茶叶的产量呈现上升趋势,且施肥处理乌牛早茶叶产量增幅为20.40%~44.01%;牛粪有机肥替代70%氮肥及牛粪有机肥全部替代氮肥处理下乌牛早茶叶内在成分及感官品质总体得分均最佳;牛粪有机肥替代化肥可以提高茶园土壤pH,随着牛粪有机肥替代比例升高,土壤有机质、全氮含量均呈现上升趋势,碱解氮、速效钾、有效磷含量均呈现先上升后下降趋势,且在牛粪有机肥替代70%氮肥处理下达到最高;牛粪有机肥替代化肥增加了茶园土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶及蛋白酶的活性,且牛粪有机肥替代70%氮肥处理下其土壤酶的活性较高。综合牛粪有机肥替代化肥对乌牛早茶叶产量品质、生物学性状及土壤肥力的影响,牛粪有机肥替代70%~100%氮肥是茶园系统较优的有机肥替代化肥模式。     

深耕改善砂姜黑土理化性状提高小麦产量

为探明砂姜黑土农田适宜的耕作方式,进一步挖掘砂姜黑土生产潜力,发挥地域资源优势,以周麦27为试验材料,在大田条件下设置免耕、旋耕(15 cm)、深耕(30 cm)3种耕作方式,研究了耕作方式对砂姜黑土农田土壤容重、有机碳含量、无机氮含量以及小麦籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,在小麦苗期和成熟期,3种耕作方式处理间0~10 cm土层土壤容重差异不显著(P0.05),但深耕处理显著降低10~30 cm土层土壤容重(P0.05)。在小麦苗期、越冬期、拔节期、开花期和成熟期,3种耕作方式对0~20 cm土层土壤有机碳含量的影响规律不明显,但深耕处理明显增加20~40 cm土层土壤有机碳含量;20~40 cm土层土壤铵态氮含量均为深耕旋耕免耕。与免耕处理相比,深耕处理通过增加小麦穗粒数和千粒质量,最终促使籽粒产量增加16.33%。综上所述,在该试验条件下,在秸秆还田的基础上,小麦季30 cm深耕处理可以降低土壤容重,增加土壤有机碳含量,进而提高小麦籽粒产量,可作为砂姜黑土农田适宜的耕作方式。     

Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth,Yield, and Juice Quality and Residual Effects on Ratoon Crops of Sugarcane

ABSTRACT

Field experiments were carried out for three consecutive years (2003–2006) at Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute farm soil on plant (first crop after planting) and subsequent two ratoon crops of sugarcane. The main objectives of the study were to assess the direct and residual effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer on growth, yield, and juice quality of plant and ratoon crops. The plant crop consisted of four treatments. After harvesting of plant crop to evaluate the residual effects on ratoon crop the plots were subdivided except the control plot. Thus, there were seven treatments in the ratoon crop. Application of recommended fertilizer [nitrogen (N₁₅₀), phosphorus (P₅₂), potassium (K₉₀), sulfur (S₃₅), and zinc (Zn₃) kg ha^{? 1}] singly or 25% less of it either with press mud or farmyard manure (FYM) at 15 t ha^{? 1} produced statistically identical yield ranged from 67.5 to 69.0 t ha^{? 1} in plant crop. In the ratoon experiment when the recommended fertilizer was applied alone or 25% less of its either with press mud or FYM at 15 or even 7.5 t ha^{? 1} again produced better yield; it ranged from 64.8 to 69.2 in first ratoon and 68.2 to 76.5 t ha^{? 1} in second ratoon crops. Results showed that N, P, K, and S content in leaf progressively decreased in ratoon crops over plant crop. Juice quality parameters viz. brix, pol, and purity % remained unchanged both in plant and ratoon crops. Furthermore, organic carbon (C), available N, P, K, and S were higher in post harvest soils that received inorganic fertilizer in combination with organic manure than control and inorganic fertilizer treated soil. It may be concluded that the application of 25% less of recommended fertilizer (N₁₁₂, P₄₀, K₆₈, S₂₆, and Zn_2.2.5 kg ha^{? 1}) either with press mud or FYM at 15 t ha^{? 1} was adequate for optimum yield of plant crop. Results also suggest that additional N (50% extra dosage) keeping all other fertilizers at the same level like plant crop i.e. N₁₆₈, P₄₀, K₆₈, S₂₆, and Zn_2.25 kg ha^{? 1} either with press mud or FYM at 7.5 t ha^{? 1} may be recommended for subsequent ratoon crops to obtain good yield without deterioration in soil fertility.     

有机养分替代对小麦产量、土壤肥力及麦田氮磷径流流失的影响

为探讨不同有机肥替代率对小麦减肥增效及减少麦田氮磷流失的效果,在等氮有机养分替代条件下进行田间小区监测试验,设置8种不同处理,分别为空白对照(CK),常规施肥(CF),100%、50%、30%猪粪有机养分替代氮肥(M1、M2、M3)及100%、50%、30%秸秆有机养分替代氮肥(F1、F2、F3),研究有机肥替代率对小麦产量、麦田氮磷流失、肥料利用率和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,100%有机养分替代处理与常规施肥处理相比小麦产量均显著降低,但减少了麦田氮径流流失,提高了土壤肥力。麦田不同处理下总氮流失量为21.90~33.66 kg·hm^-2,与常规施肥处理相比,不同比例猪粪、秸秆有机养分替代处理总氮流失量减少了8.44%~25.94%;总磷流失量为0.60~2.00 kg·hm^-2,100%有机养分替代处理相比于常规处理总磷流失量升高了24.64%~44.93%。不同处理下小麦氮、磷肥利用率分别为17%~35%、5%~19%,其中30%~50%猪粪有机养分替代处理下氮、磷肥利用率较高,而100%猪粪、秸秆有机养分替代氮、磷肥利用率较常规施肥处理均显著降低。有机养分替代能够缓解土壤酸化,使土壤pH值维持稳定,与常规施肥处理相比,有机养分替代处理下土壤肥力有所提高。综合不同比例猪粪、秸秆有机养分替代对小麦产量、土壤肥力及麦田氮磷径流流失的影响,30%~50%猪粪有机养分替代在保证小麦高产稳产的同时,能有效降低麦田氮径流流失量,且维持较低水平磷径流流失量,是一种适宜的资源有效利用、节肥增效的有机养分替代模式。本研究结果为小麦生产中合理利用养分资源、减少化肥投入、控制麦田氮磷径流流失提供了参考。