Concentration of Serum Transferrin in Sick Horses and its Relationship to Serum Albumin Content

Studies of transferrin (Tf) concentration in sera of sick horses were carried out using Mancini’s immunodiffusion technique. Relative values against a chosen reference serum were determined for a total of 112 horses.Horses with acute infections had Tf values significantly below the normal. The lowest individual Tf value in this group (46%) was found in a six-months-old foal with temperature 41°C and watery diarrhoea.Horses suffering from acute laminitis also had decreased Tf values. The lowest value in the whole material (45%) was found in a horse belonging to this group.There was a positive correlation between the Tf value and the albumin content in serum.     

Form of Vitamin E Supplementation Affects Oxidative and Inflammatory Response in Exercising Horses

Vitamin E is an essential antioxidant that may benefit athletes by reducing oxidative stress and influencing cytokine expression. Supplements can be derived from natural or manufactured synthetic sources. This study aimed to determine (1) if supplemental vitamin E is beneficial to exercising horses and (2) if there is a benefit of natural versus synthetic vitamin E. After 2 weeks on the control diet (vitamin E–deficient grain and hay), 18 horses were divided into three groups and fed the control diet plus (1) 1000 IU/d synthetic α-tocopherol (SYN-L), (2) 4000 IU/d synthetic α-tocopherol (SYN-H), or (3) 4000 IU/d RRR-α-tocopherol (natural source [NAT]). On day 7, horses began a 6-week training protocol, with standard exercise tests (SETs) performed before and after the 6-week protocol. Venous blood samples were collected on days 0, 7, 29, and 49. Horses fed NAT had higher α-tocopherol (P < .05) at post-SET1 through post-SET2. Plasma thiobarbituric acid–reactive substance levels were lower in NAT versus SYN-L horses after SET2 (P = .02). Serum aspartate aminotransferase was lower after exercise in NAT horses versus SYN-L and SYN-H (P = .02), and less reduction in stride duration was seen after exercise in NAT as compared with SYN-L and SYN-H (P = .02). Gene expression of tumor necrosis factor α was lower in NAT compared with SYN-H (P = .01) but not SYN-L. In conclusion, feeding higher levels of natural vitamin E source resulted in higher serum α-tocopherol levels as well as some improvement in oxidative and inflammatory response and improved functional outcomes in response to an exercise test.     

Absorption of Different Oral Formulations of Natural Vitamin E in Horses

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin E source on plasma vitamin E concentration. Five different formulations of natural source vitamin E (4,000 IU/day) were supplemented to Standardbred mares (n = 4 per group) for 14 days. Treatment 1 was given 10 g of 400 IU/g natural acetate (RRR-α-tocopheryl-acetate) powder, treatment 2 was given 6.66 g of 600 IU/g natural acetate powder, treatment 3 was given 6.66 g of 600 IU/g natural alcohol (RRR-α-tocopherol) powder, treatment 4 was given 20 g of 200 IU/g micellized natural alcohol powder, and treatment 5 was given 8 mL of 500 IU/mL micellized natural alcohol liquid. Blood samples were collected before supplementation (day 0), after day 7 and day 14 of supplementation, and analyzed for plasma α-tocopherol. Treatments 1, 2, and 3 increased (P < .05) from days 0 to 7, but remained similar at day 14. Treatments 4 and 5 also increased (P = .004, and P < .0001, respectively) from days 0 to 7 and were higher (P < .05) than treatment 1, 2, and 3. Plasma levels peaked at day 7 and either plateaued or decreased (treatment 5, P = .004) at day 14. The micellized alcohol formulations remained elevated (treatment 4) or decreased (treatment 5) after achieving peak blood concentration and, as hypothesized, tended to have plasma concentrations higher than the other vitamin E forms. Care should be taken to ensure that the most active biologically available form of vitamin E is provided in the diet to maximize its efficiency.     

日粮不同营养水平对牦牛生产性能、屠宰指标和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮营养水平对牦牛生产性能、屠宰指标和血清生化指标的影响.选择年龄、体重接近的健康公牦牛60头,平均体重(269.75士35.46)kg,随机分成3组,每组20个重复,每个重复1头牛.根据饲粮营养水平分为高营养水平组(HN)、中营养水平组(MN)、低营养水平组(LN).试验周期105 d,预试期15 d,...     

新疆石河子奶牛血清中维生素A、E的监测

使用双波长高效液相色谱法同时测定奶牛血清中的VitA和VitE含量,及时监控奶牛维生素营养状况,对预防和控制奶牛维生素缺乏症,具有重要的现实意义。     

在母鹿饲粮中添加维生素E粉、不同硒添加剂对母、仔鹿的影响

本试验选择经产的梅花母鹿240头,随机分成4组,在基础饲粮中分别添加①维生素E粉加无结晶水亚硒酸钠,②维生素E粉加黄芪粉,③维生素E粉加大蒜泥,④空白对照组4处理.试验结果表明,母鹿经药物处理后,情期受胎率较对照组显著提高(P<0.01),但其中①组效果最好.①、②、③组仔鹿出生率和成活率显著提高(P<0.01),而母、子鹿患缺硒病率较对照组明显著降低(P<0.01),分别降低6.67%、11.11%.①、②、③组仔鹿患其他疾病率较对照组也显著降低(P<0.01).     

Concentration of Serum Prealbumin (Pr) Protein in Sick Horses and Its Correlation to Blood Leucocyte Count and Albumin Content in Serum

Studies of Pr protein concentrations in sera of sick horses were carried out using Mancini et al.’s (1965) immunodiffusion technique. Relative values against a chosen standard of 100 % were determined for a total of 102 horses. Horses with acute infections had Pr protein values significantly above the normal. The highest individual Pr protein value recorded in this group was 202. Horses suffering from acute laminitis and malignant tumours also had increased Pr protein values.There was a positive correlation between the Pr protein value and the blood leucocyte count and a negative correlation between the Pr protein value and the albumin content in serum.     

不同膨化血粉水平对生长鹅营养物质代谢及血清生化指标的影响

选择300只28日龄、体重（1142.68±50.64） g的豁眼鹅,随机分为3组,每组设5个重复,每个重复20只鹅,进行为期28 d的饲养试验。在3组日粮中分别添加1.5%、3.0%、4.5%的膨化血粉,研究不同水平的膨化血粉对生长鹅日粮营养物质表观代谢率及血清生化指标的影响。结果表明：①各日粮营养物质表观代谢率以3.0%膨化血粉组最高,与1.5%膨化血粉组和4.5%膨化血粉组相比,ADF、CP的表观代谢率显著提高（P＜0.05）;NDF、E的表观代谢率,3.0%膨化血粉组显著高于4.5%膨化血粉组（P＜0.05）;各营养物质表观代谢率在1.5%膨化血粉组和4.5%膨化血粉组间差异均不显著（P＞0.05）。②血清中ALT、AST、ALB、GLOB和TP 5个指标均以3.0%膨化血粉组最高,但各组间差异均不显著（P＞0.05）。综合各项指标,本试验条件下,豁眼生长鹅日粮中膨化血粉的最适添加量为3.0%。     

奶牛日粮中添加富硒酵母对乳硒和血清硒含量的影响

通过日粮添加富硒酵母研究有机硒对泌乳奶牛乳硒含量和血清硒含量的影响。试验选择24头胎次相同,泌乳日龄、产奶量和体重相近的荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为2组,对照组和处理组均饲喂相同的TMR基础日粮,TMR基础日粮硒含量为0.33 mg/kg,处理组另补充富硒酵母,源于富硒酵母的硒为0.78 mg/kg DM,整个试验期56 d。试验结果表明,添加富硒酵母后对奶牛干物质采食量、产奶量、乳常规和乳常规产量没有显著影响,但显著提高了血清和牛奶中硒含量,分别为123.1和97.7 μg/L,与对照组相比,血清硒含量和牛奶硒含量分别提高了60.5%和194.3%。同时,在整个试验期内,血清硒含量呈上升趋势,而牛奶硒很快达到了稳定状态。     

不同蛋氨酸水平对长毛兔产毛性能和血液生化指标的影响

48只彩色长毛兔随机分成4个处理,处理组1为对照组,处理组2、3、4为试验组,试验组分别添加不同水平的蛋氨酸,旨在研究不同蛋氨酸水平对长毛兔产毛性能和血液生化指标的影响.试验结果:处理组2的TP、Alb、GPT、GOT、CHO、ALP、生长速度、兔毛抗拉力、韧性、密度与其他3个处理组差异显著(P＜0.05),处理组2兔毛直径较其他3个处理组大,差异显著(P＜0.05).日粮中添加0.2%蛋氨酸时,家兔的产毛性能达到最佳.     

维生素A对海南和牛抗氧化指标及血液生化指标的影响

试验在海南和牛日粮中添加不同水平的维生素A,研究其对海南和牛血液生化指标和抗氧化性的影响。选体重和胎次相近的海南和牛12头,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组设3个重复,每个重复1头牛,对照组饲喂干稻草基础日粮,试验组在对照组日粮基础上分别添加2500、5000、7500 IU/kg维生素A,试验期为40 d。结果表明:①维生素A的添加水平对海南和牛的血清抗氧化性指标的影响差异不显著(P＞0.05),但随着日粮中维生素A添加水平的提高,海南和牛的血清抗氧化能力逐渐增强;②维生素A的添加水平可显著提高血液中葡萄糖的含量(P＜0.05),同时随着维生素A添加水平的提高还可以提高血液中一些关键酶的活性(P＞0.05)。因此,日粮中添加维生素A可以提高海南和牛血液中一些关键酶的活性和血清的抗氧化能力,并以添加7500 IU/kg组效果最好。     

不同营养水平日粮对荷斯坦奶公牛育肥效果的影响

试验旨在研究不同营养水平日粮对荷斯坦奶公牛育肥效果的影响。选择4月龄左右、平均体重128 kg的健康中国荷斯坦奶公牛48头,随机分成2组,每组24头。Ⅰ组饲喂低营养水平日粮(低能量、低蛋白质),Ⅱ组饲喂高营养水平日粮(高能量、高蛋白质)。预试期7 d,正试期245 d。结果表明,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组平均日增重极显著提高6.36% (P<0.01),料重比降低6.55%。随着日粮营养水平的提高,奶公牛粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、钙、磷的表观消化率随之升高,但均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组血清中葡萄糖、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、生长激素含量分别显著提高12.52%、12.85%、9.68%、13.24%(P<0.05),而尿素氮含量显著降低10.98%(P<0.05)。与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组养殖效益多收入1.37元/(头·d),全期效益多收入335.65元/头。综上所述,提高日粮营养水平,可提高奶公牛的育肥性能和经济效益。     

Effect of Different Dietary Nutrition Levels on Fattening Effect of Holstein Bulls

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different dietary nutrition levels on fattening effect of Holstein bulls.48 4-month-old Holstein bulls with an average body weight of 128 kg were allocated into two groups,group Ⅰ was fed a low nutrition level diet,group Ⅱ was fed a high nutrition level diet.Each group had 24 Holstein bulls.The pre-test period lasted for 7 days and the trial period lasted for 245 days.The results showed that compared with group Ⅰ,the ADG in group Ⅱ was significantly increased by 6.36% (P<0.01),while the F/G in group Ⅱ was decreased by 6.55%.With the increasing of dietary nutrition levels,the apparent digestibility of CP,EE,NDF,ADF,Ca and P were rising,but there was no significant differences between two groups (P>0.05).Compared with group Ⅰ,the serum GLU,AST,ALT and GH contents in group Ⅱ were increased by 12.52%,12.85%,9.68% and 13.24% (P<0.05),respectively,while the serum BUN content in group Ⅱ was decreased by 10.98% (P<0.05).Compared with group Ⅰ,the feeding profits of group Ⅱ increased by 1.37 yuan/(head·day),the total economic benefit of group Ⅱ increased by 335.65 yuan/head.In conclusion,the improvement of dietary nutrition levels could improve the fattening performance and the economic benefit of Holstein bulls.     

不同水平玉米赤霉烯酮对断奶母仔猪血清酶、代谢产物和肠道形态的影响

本试验旨在研究不同水平玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)对断奶母仔猪血清酶、代谢产物和肠道形态的影响。选取28日龄平均体重为(14.01±0.86)kg、健康的三元杂交(杜×长×大)雌性断奶仔猪40头,随机分为4组,每组10头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组、试验2组和试验3组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.5、1.0和1.5 mg/kg ZEA。预试期10 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,各试验组的谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性显著升高(P0.05);试验2组的血清总胆固醇含量显著升高(P0.05);试验3组血清尿素氮和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量显著升高(P0.05),血清总蛋白含量则显著降低(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验组十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度都显著增大(P0.05)。试验1组和试验2组十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值显著提高(P0.05),空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值显著降低(P0.05),回肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度值都显著升高(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验组十二指肠绒毛高度明显增大且排列疏松无序,小肠腺数量减少,黏膜厚度变薄。4)与对照组相比,试验组空肠绒毛高度增大,小肠腺数量减少,并且试验2组和试验3组空肠上皮脱落固有层裸露。5)与对照组相比,试验1组和试验2组回肠绒毛高度增大且黏膜下层内弥散淋巴细胞增多。由此可见,饲粮中添加ZEA(0.5~1.5 mg/kg)改变了断奶母仔猪的肝脏代谢和肠道的形态结构,进而影响断奶母仔猪的健康生长。     

不同水平甘露寡糖对肉鹑生长性能和血清胆固醇的影响

为了探讨不同水平甘露寡糖对肉鹑生产性能和血清胆固醇的影响。将240只1日龄鹌鹑随机分成4组,每组设4个重复,每个重复15只鹌鹑,Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ~Ⅳ组为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加0.5%、1%、2%的甘露寡糖,进行为期50 d的饲养试验。结果表明,与对照组相比,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的35日龄和50日龄的肉鹑的体重分别提高2.02%、2.66%,7.36%、7.90%。血清胆固醇含量:Ⅱ组35日龄肉鹑胆固醇含量比对照组升高22.22%,Ⅱ组50日龄肉鹑胆固醇含量比对照组降低12.20%;Ⅲ组35日龄肉鹑和50日龄肉鹑的胆固醇含量分别降低3.70%、9.76%,Ⅳ组35日龄肉鹑胆固醇含量比对照组升高7.41%,50日龄肉鹑的胆固醇含量降低21.95%。试验研究表明:在肉鹑生产中,适量添加甘露寡糖可增加肉鹑体重并且降低胆固醇含量。     

产蛋种鸡日粮中不同水平维生素E与有机和无机硒的效果研究

在３×５的两因子试验中,研究了不同添加水平维生素Ｅ（４、１４和２４ｍｇ／ｋｇ）与有机和无机硒（亚硒酸钠０．２０、０．３５和０．５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,酵母硒０．３５和０．５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）对褐壳蛋种母鸡在２０～４０周龄阶段生产繁殖性能和有关血液指标的影响。结果表明,产蛋母鸡的采食量、产蛋率、蛋重、产蛋量、饲料转化率和死淘率在３个维生素Ｅ添加水平间无差异;除了添加酵母硒０．５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ组蛋鸡的蛋重和产蛋量显著低于酵母硒０．３５ｍｇ／ｋｇ组以外,其它各项生产性能指标在各硒处理组间差异不明显。维生素Ｅ和硒可增加彼此在血液中的存留;当日粮中只补加维生素Ｅ４ｍｇ／ｋｇ时,将日粮亚硒酸钠硒添加水平由０．２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ提高到０．３５～０．５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ可使血浆α－生育酚含量由０．５０μｇ／ｍｌ上升到接近１．０μｇ／ｍｌ左右。     

日粮碘添加水平对断奶至2月龄生长肉兔生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮碘添加水平对断奶至2月龄生长肉兔生长性能和血清生化指标的影响.选用80只平均体重为(780±50)g的35日龄断奶新西兰肉兔,随机分成4组(每组20个重复,每个重复1只兔),分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0(对照)、0.1、0.5和2.5 mg/kg碘的试验日粮,预试期7 d,正试期23 d.结果表明:日粮碘添加水平对平均日增重(ADG)有显著影响(P<0.05),0.1和0.5 mg/kg组的ADG显著高于对照组(P<0.05).日粮碘添加水平对料重比(F/G)有显著影响(P<0.05),0.5 mg/kg组的F/G显著低于对照组和0.1 mg/kg组(P<0.05).日粮碘添加水平对血清常规生化指标影响不显著(P>0.05).日粮碘添加水平对血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量有显著影响(P<0.05),0.5 mg/kg组的IgA含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05).日粮碘添加水平对血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量无显著影响(P>0.05).日粮碘添加水平对血清三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)含量有极显著影响(P<0.01),随着碘添加水平的增加,T3含量先升高后降低,当碘添加量为0.5 mg/kg时T3含量达到最大值.日粮碘添加水平对血清四碘甲腺原氨酸(T4)含量的影响不显著(P>0.05).综上所述,断奶至2月龄生长肉兔日粮中碘适宜添加量为0.5 mg/kg(基础日粮碘含量为0.22 mg/kg).     

日粮维生素A和维生素E水平对肉鸡抗氧化和免疫性能的影响

本文旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平维生素A(VA)、维生素E(VE)对肉鸡抗氧化和免疫性能的影响.选用1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡960只,随机分为4个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复80只.试验日粮参照AA肉仔鸡推荐标准配制,4个处理的日粮VA、VE水平分别为:6 375和37.5 IU/kg、8 500和50 IU/kg、10 625和62.5 IU/kg、12 750和75 IU/kg,试验期49 d.研究结果表明:在本试验范围内,增加日粮VA、VE水平可以改善肉鸡日增重和饲料转化率,不影响脾脏指数和法氏囊指数.随着日粮VA、VE水平的增加,血清中超氧化物歧化酶(Cu-Zn-SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性、胸腺指数随之提高,丙二醛(MDA)水平逐渐降低.日粮VA、VE水平从AA肉仔鸡推荐量(VA:8 500 IU/kg,VE:50 IU/kg)分别降至6 375和37.5 IU/kg时,肉鸡血清中Cu-Zn-SOD和GSH-Px水平降低19.17%和4.77%,MDA水平提高10.28%;VA、VE水平分别增加至12 750和75 IU/kg时,Cu-Zn-SoD和GsH-Px水平提高55.60%和17.89%,MDA水平降低3.86%.由此可见,提高肉鸡日粮VA、VE水平可以提高肉鸡抗氧化能力和细胞免疫水平,并且随着VA、VE水平的增加抗氧化能力逐渐提高.     

不同蛋白水平对生长肉兔生产性能及血液生化指标的影响

选用2月龄新西兰白兔80只,分为5组,日粮蛋白水平分别为13.50%、15.55%、17.56%、20.20%、21.93%,研究不同蛋白水平对肉兔生产性能及血液生化指标的影响.结果表明,不同蛋白水平对肉兔日增重有显著影响(P＜0.05),20.20%组为最高.各组间屠宰率、料重比差异不显著(P＞0.05).日粮蛋白水平为20.20%时,血清总蛋白最高,胆固醇最低;尿素氮以蛋白水平为17.56%时较为理想;而蛋白水平对血清白蛋白、球蛋白影响不显著(P＞0.05).