复合酸化剂对断奶仔猪生产性能和肠道微生物区系的影响

试验旨在分析由乳酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸和磷酸构成的3种复合酸化剂A、B和C的体外抑菌和降低饲料系酸力的效果;选用15 kg左右杜长大断奶仔猪96头,随机分成4组,每组3栏。对照组含抗生素,试验组A、B和C分别在基础日粮中添加2.5 kg/t酸化剂A、B和C,分析其对动物生产性能和肠道微生物区系的影响。结果表明:3种复合酸化剂0.25%的水溶液对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑制作用,以1.25 kg/t添加到饲料中可显著降低饲料系酸力和pH(P<0.05)。动物试验表明2.5 kg/t的复合酸化剂A或C替代日粮中抗生素,对仔猪日增重、采食量和饲料增重比无显著影响(P>0.05)。添加3种复合酸化剂的试验各组DGGE条带数和多样性指数均高于抗生素的对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

饲粮中添加卵黄抗体对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标、肠道形态及肠道微生物菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加卵黄抗体对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标、肠道形态及肠道微生物菌群的影响。试验选取160头(25±1)日龄"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪,分为4个组,每个组4个重复,每个重复10头猪。各组分别饲喂以下4种饲粮:基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+0.4 kg/t硫酸黏杆菌素(抗生素组)、基础饲粮+1.0 kg/t卵黄抗体(卵黄抗体组)、基础饲粮+0.2 kg/t硫酸黏杆菌素+0.5 kg/t卵黄抗体(联用组)。试验期共计28 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,卵黄抗体组显著提高了断奶仔猪平均日增重(P0.05),显著降低了断奶仔猪料重比和腹泻率(P0.05),断奶仔猪平均日采食量无显著差异(P0.05)。与抗生素组相比,卵黄抗体组断奶仔猪生长性能无显著差异(P0.05),两者表现出相近的使用效果。2)与对照组相比,卵黄抗体组显著提高了断奶仔猪血清中总蛋白、白蛋白的含量(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,卵黄抗体组显著增加了断奶仔猪回肠绒毛高度和绒隐比(P0.05),断奶仔猪十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度、隐窝深度和绒隐比无显著差异(P0.05)。4)与对照组相比,卵黄抗体组显著降低了断奶仔猪回肠、盲肠中大肠杆菌数量(P0.05),显著增加了断奶仔猪回肠、盲肠中的乳酸杆菌数量(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加卵黄抗体能显著改善断奶仔猪生长性能,增强仔猪免疫力,提高肠道健康水平,促进有益菌生长,与抗生素有相近的使用效果,是很有发展潜力的抗生素替代品之一。     

液态蛋氨酸羟基类似物(HMB)的酸化剂效应研究

采用单因子试验设计,研究了液态蛋氨酸羟基类似物(HMB)作为酸化剂对饲料品质和仔猪生产性能的影响。选用96头(28±3)日龄断奶的杜×长×约(DLY)仔猪,随机分为5个处理组:3个HMB组(每吨饲料中添加HMB为1.14、2.28、3.42kg)、对照组(基础日粮组)、复合酸化剂组(每吨饲料中添加3.0kg复合酸化剂)。结果表明,①HMB降低了饲料系酸力。②试验1～6周,添加HMB1.14kg/t组和2.28kg/t组均显著提高了采食量、日增重和饲料利用效率(P<0.05);添加HMB2.28kg/t组提高仔猪生产性能的效果优于复合酸化剂组(P>0.05)。③添加HMB显著降低了仔猪腹泻率(P<0.05)。HMB在断奶仔猪饲料中具有酸化剂作用。     

不同钙水平日粮添加酸化剂对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液矿物质水平的影响

文章旨在研究不同钙水平日粮添加复合酸化剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、血液和骨中矿物质含量的影响.试验选择初始体重为(7.50±0.08)kg的25 d断奶仔猪600头,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复30头.试验日粮采用2×2因子设计,即钙水平分别为0.75％和0.55％,复合酸化剂添加水平为3 g/kg和0 g/kg,试...     

益生康代替抗生素对断奶仔猪生产性能及腹泻的影响

试验选用200头平均体重(6.95±0.11)kg、23日龄断奶三元杂交(杜×长×大)仔猪,研究玉米豆粕型日粮中添加益生康代替抗生素在断奶仔猪阶段的应用效果。配对试验设计2个处理,每个处理设5个重复,每个重复20头仔猪,公母各半混合饲养。处理1为抗生素对照组;处理2为添加0.15%益生康组,6～12kg阶段和12～20kg仔猪阶段。结果表明:6～12kg体重阶段与抗生素对照组相比,益生康增加仔猪日增重9.3%,提高日采食量10.6%,改善饲料转化率9.8%,仔猪腹泻发生率降低29.4%(P<0.05);12～20kg阶段日增重提高7.9%,改善饲料转化率15.8%。     

Dietary copper/zinc-loaded montmorillonite improved growth performance and intestinal barrier and changed gut microbiota in weaned piglets

The effects of copper/zinc-loaded montmorillonite (Cu/Zn-Mt) on growth performance, intestinal barrier and gut microbiota of weaned pigs were investigated in the present study. A total of 108 piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire; 6.36 kg; weaned at 21 ± 1 d age) were used in this experiment. The pigs were randomly assigned to three treatments with six replicates, six pigs in each replicate. The three treatments were as follows: (1) control group: basal diet; (2) Cu/Zn-Mt group: basal diet supplemented with 39 mg/kg Cu and 75 mg/kg Zn as Cu/Zn-Mt; and (3) Cu +Zn +Mt group: basal diet supplemented with the mixture of copper sulphate, zinc sulphate and montmorillonite (equivalent to the copper and zinc in the Cu/Zn-Mt treatment). The results indicated that, compared with the pigs from control group, average daily gain and gain: feed ratio were increased and the faecal score on days 7 and 14 after weaning was decreased by supplementation of Cu/Zn-Mt; intestinal transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and expressions of tight junction protein claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1 were increased, and intestinal permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 4 kDa was decreased by supplementation with Cu/Zn-Mt. According to the Illumina-based sequencing results, Cu/Zn-Mt supplementation increased the relative abundance of core bacteria (Lactococcus, Bacillus) at genus level and decreased the potentially pathogenic bacteria (Streptococcus and Pseudomonas) in colon of weaned piglets. However, the piglets fed with the mixture of copper sulphate, zinc sulphate and montmorillonite showed no effects in above parameters in comparison with the pigs from control group. In conclusion, dietary Cu/Zn-Mt could improve growth performance, decrease the diarrhoea and improve intestinal barrier and bacterial communities of weaned pigs. The results indicated that ‘loading’ of montmorillonite with Zn and Cu changed not only its chemical but also its nutritional properties.     

Effects of the butyric acid‐producing strain Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 on broiler and piglet zootechnical performance and prevention of necrotic enteritis

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of a probiotic strain Clostridium butyricumMIYAIRI 588 (CBM588) on broiler and weaned piglet health and zootechnical performance. Five field studies were carried out in broilers and five in weaned piglets under European feed additive guidelines. Each study followed a randomized blocked design with two treatments: Control (basal diet) and CBM588 supplemented groups. The zootechnical performance parameters selected were body weight, daily gain, feed intake and feed efficiency (feed:gain). Broilers fed diets with CBM588 gained significantly more weight (+2%, p < .001) and exhibited significantly better feed efficiency (?1.6%, p < .001) in comparison with Controls. Similarly, analysis of pooled data of weaned piglet trials showed that CBM588‐fed piglets were significantly heavier than Controls (+2.6%, p = .014), exhibited significantly higher mean daily gain (+4.7%; p = .004), and significantly improved feed efficiency (?4.2%, p = .001). In addition to the zootechnical efficacy studies, the preventive effect of CBM588 on necrotic enteritis (NE) was assessed in a natural challenge model in broilers where CBM588 reduced the incidence and severity of NE lesions. These data indicate the potential of CBM588 to improve broiler and weaned piglet zootechnical performance, and to make a positive contribution to animal health.     

Effect of creep feed consumption on individual feed intake characteristics and performance of group-housed weanling pigs

To assess the effects of creep feed consumption on individual feed intake characteristics and performance of group-housed weaned pigs, 16 litters (149 piglets) were fed a commercial creep feed (3,040 kcal NE/kg, 15.2 g lysine/kg) supplemented with 1% chromic oxide. Another five litters (48 piglets) were not given access to creep feed (no-feed). Piglets were weaned at 28 d after birth. On d 18, 22, and 27 of age, fecal samples from all the piglets were taken using fecal loops. A green color of the feces indicated that the piglet had eaten creep feed. Piglets that had green-colored feces three times were considered as eaters. Piglets that never showed green-colored feces were considered as non-eaters. At weaning 22 piglets of each type (no-feed, non-eaters, and eaters) were selected based on BW, litter origin, and sex. These 66 pigs were assigned to six pens equipped with computerized feeding stations. Eaters, non-eaters, and no-feed pigs were equally divided over all six pens. After weaning a prestarter (d 0 to 13) and a starter diet (d 14 to 34) were offered for ad libitum consumption. The individual feed intake characteristics of latency time (interval between weaning and first feed intake) and initial feed intake (intake during the first 24 h following first feed intake) and performance traits were determined for all piglets. The pigs that were designated as eaters needed less time between weaning and first feed intake than the pigs that were designated as non-eaters and no-feed pigs (P = 0.04 and P = 0.06, respectively). Initial feed intake was not affected (P > 0.1) by feed intake prior to weaning. However, during d 0 to 8 the eaters had more visits per day during which feed was consumed than both the non-eaters and no-feed pigs. Averaged over the first 8 d after weaning, the ADFI and ADG of the eaters were higher than that of the non-eaters and no-feed pigs (P < 0.05). Averaged over the total 34-d period the effect of creep feed intake on postweaning ADFI was much less pronounced (P = 0.20), whereas ADG of the eaters was the highest (P < 0.05). Creep feed intake during the sucking period stimulates early postweaning feed intake as well as postweaning performance.     

Short-chain fatty acid administration via water acidifier improves feed efficiency and modulates fecal microbiota in weaned piglets

This study examined the effect of a water acidifier containing free and buffered short-chain fatty acids (SCFA-WA) on growth performance and microbiota of weaned piglets. In total, 192 male piglets, approximately 4 wk of age, were allocated to 24 pens (12 per treatment) with 8 piglets per pen. The piglets received either regular drinking water (negative control) or drinking water with the acidifier supplied at 2 L/1,000 L. Body weight and feed intake were measured weekly on pen level. During the first 2 wk, daily visual assessment and scoring of the feces was conducted. Fecal samples of three piglets per pen were collected on days 14 and 42 for high-throughput sequencing analysis of the microbiota. Piglets offered SCFA-WA had significantly improved feed efficiency in the third week (P = 0.025) and over the whole study period (days 0 to 42, P = 0.042) compared with piglets in the negative control group, with a strong tendency observed during the first feeding phase (days 0 to 21, P = 0.055). Furthermore, the water acidifier group had a higher water intake than piglets provided with control water during the second feeding phase (days 21 to 42, P = 0.028) and over the whole study period (days 0 to 42, P = 0.043). There was no significant difference in body weight, average daily gain, or average daily feed intake (days 0 to 21, 21 to 42, 0 to 42). Furthermore, there was no overall significant difference in fecal scoring between the treatments. In terms of the fecal microbiota response, piglets offered the water acidifier showed a significantly higher relative abundance (RA) of genus Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and a lower RA of genus Streptococcus compared to the control. Furthermore, the redundancy analysis showed a positive association between improved feed efficiency and daily weight gain and RA of Butyricicoccus and Faecalibacterium. In conclusion, consumption of the water acidifier containing free and buffered SCFA modulated the microbiota and improved feed efficiency in piglets.     

Effects of bamboo charcoal and bamboo vinegar as antibiotic alternatives on growth performance,immune responses and fecal microflora population in fattening pigs

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of bamboo charcoal and bamboo vinegar as alternatives of antibiotics in the diet of fattening pigs and their influence on growth performance, immune responses and fecal microflora populations. Crossed pigs (n = 144, 79 kg body weight) were divided into 12 heads per pen, four diets and three replications. The basal diet (negative control: NC) was supplemented with 0.3% antibiotics (positive control: PC), 0.3% bamboo charcoal (BC) and 0.3% bamboo vinegar (BV). Average daily weight gain and feed efficiency were higher (P < 0.05) in PC, BC and BV. The concentration of lactate dehydrogenase and cortisol were lower (P < 0.05), but the concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA were higher (P < 0.05) in PC, BC and BV. Counts of coliform bacteria and Salmonella spp. were lower (P < 0.05), while the counts of fecal anaerobic total bacteria and lactic acid bacteria were higher (P < 0.05) in PC, BC and BV. A reasonable inclusion of bamboo charcoal or bamboo vinegar as antibiotics in the diet of fattening pigs leads to a better growth performance, immune responses and fecal microflora populations. The results of the present study suggest that bamboo charcoal or bamboo vinegar could be a potential additives in animal production as an alternative to antibiotics.     

复合酸化剂对断奶仔猪肠黏膜形态和肠道微生物区系及免疫功能的影响

试验选取200头仔猪分为5组,每组4个重复。分别为饲喂常规日粮(对照组)、添加0.1%磷酸型酸化剂A、0.3%磷酸型酸化剂A、0.1%乳酸型酸化剂B和0.3%乳酸型酸化剂B日粮。于试验第28天早上每个处理选择3头健康仔猪进行屠宰,测定仔猪小肠黏膜形态、大肠微生物菌群及免疫指标。结果表明:添加所研制的磷酸型和乳酸型酸化剂可以显著增加小肠绒毛高度(P<0.05);添加磷酸型酸化剂A和乳酸型酸化剂B都可以显著降低仔猪盲肠大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量(P<0.05),增加乳酸菌和双歧杆菌的数量(P<0.05),其中添加乳酸型酸化剂B的效果显著优于磷酸型酸化剂A(P<0.05);添加0.3%乳酸型酸化剂B可以显著降低仔猪血清中尿素氮的含量(P<0.05);添加2种酸化剂都可以显著提高仔猪血清中IgA、IgG的浓度(P<0.05)。     

Feasibility of replacing antibiotic feed promoters with the Chinese traditional herbal medicine Bazhen in weaned piglets

This study investigated the feasibility of replacing antibiotic as growth promoter for weaned piglets with the Chinese traditional herbal medicine Bazhen. Thirty-six weaned piglets (average initial body weight 8.92 ± 1.18 kg) were used in this study. Pigs were blocked according to weight, sex and litter origin, and then randomly assigned to control (basal diet), antibiotics (100 ppm chlortetracycline and 100 ppm oxytetracycline) and Bazhen (1%) groups, with three pens per group. Piglets had free access to water and feed during this 8-week study period. Experimental results indicated that average daily gain of the Bazhen group was higher than that of the control group, but lower than that of the antibiotics group. However, feed intake was reduced while feed to gain ratio was improved in the Bazhen group compared to the control and antibiotics groups. The Bazhen group showed higher neutrophil activity and IgG levels than the control group. The increase in white blood cell counts of the Bazhen group when challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide was higher than that in the control and antibiotics groups. Moreover, IL-6 and TNF- (tumor necrosis factor-) levels were higher in the Bazhen group than in the antibiotics group. Red blood cells and γ-globulin levels were higher in the Bazhen group than in the antibiotics group and in the control group, respectively. On the other hand, the antibiotics group displayed the highest amount of SRBC (sheep red blood cell) antibody titers, and differed significantly from the control group. Some immune responses such as white and red blood cells, IL-6 and TNF- levels were greater at weaning in the piglets of the Bazhen supplemented group than in those of the antibiotics group. Thus, Bazhen could be a potential substitute for antibiotics (chlorotetracycline and oxytetracycline) in weaned piglets feed.     

混菌发酵袋装全价饲料对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

为了研究发酵饲料能否替代抗生素在断奶仔猪生产性能上的作用,选用90头28日龄断奶杜长大仔猪,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头。试验分为对照组Ⅰ(不含抗生素)、对照组Ⅱ(含抗生素)、试验组(发酵全价料,且不含抗生素)。试验结果表明:试验组日增重比对照组Ⅰ和Ⅱ分别增重24.1%(P0.01)、12.5%(P0.01),差异极显著;料肉比分别比对照组Ⅰ和Ⅱ降低4.9(P0.05)、2.8(P0.05),试验组和对照组Ⅰ差异显著,但和对照组Ⅱ差异不显著;腹泻率分别比对照组I和Ⅱ降低77.8%(P0.05)和63.6%(P0.05)。由此可见:发酵全价料能明显提高断奶仔猪的生产性能,提高饲料的利用率,降低腹泻率;发酵饲料可取代抗生素在饲料中的添加。     

Effects of Fermented Atractylodes chinensis on Serum Immune and Biochemical Indexes of Weaned Piglets

The aim of this experiment was conducted to study the effects of fermented Atractylodes chinensis on serum immune and biochemical indexes of weaned piglets. Ninety-six Landrace ×Large White weaned piglets with weaning weight (6.0±0.5) kg were randomly allocated to 6 groups with 4 replicates per group and 4 weaned piglets per replicate. The weaned piglets were subjected to the following 6 treatments for 28 days:Control group was fed with the basal diet,groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were fed with antibiotics and 0.2% unfermented Atractylodes chinensis in basal diet,while groups Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ were supplemented 0.1%,0.2% and 0.3% fermentated Atractylodes chinensis in basal diet,respectively. The results showed that the immune and biochemical index of weaned piglets in fermented Atractylodes chinensis group had different degrees of improvement compared with control group and group Ⅰ.In the whole experimental stage,comparing with control group,the serum IgA,IgG,IgM,TP and ALB of weaned piglets in group Ⅳ were increased 10.5%,10.0%,7.8%,21.0% and 15.6%,respectively,and the difference were significant (P < 0.05),and serum ALT content was significantly reduced 20.4% (P < 0.05).Compared with group Ⅰ,the serum IgA,IgG,IgM and TP of weaned piglets in group Ⅳ were increased 7.1%,3.8%,3.8% and 12.6%, respectively,the difference were significant (P < 0.05),while the serum ALB, AST and BUN of group Ⅳ were increased 1.0%, 9.5% and 15.0%, and the difference were not significant (P > 0.05), and serum ALT content was reduced 9.4% compared with the antibiotics group (P > 0.05).     

日粮中添加不同剂量有机酸型酸化剂替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

旨在研究不同剂量有机酸型酸化剂替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。试验选择健康、日龄相近、初始体重为（8.70±0.20）kg的杜×长×大杂交断奶仔猪144头,随机分为4组（分别为对照组,处理1、2、3组）,每组4个重复,每个重复9头仔猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理1组在基础日粮上添加25 mg/kg金霉素和50 mg/kg喹烯酮,处理2组和处理3组在基础日粮上分别添加0.4%和0.7%有机酸型酸化剂（甲酸、乳酸、柠檬酸和富马酸）,试验共进行14 d。试验结果表明,处理1、2、3组相比于对照组断奶仔猪的日增重显著提高（P<0.05）,分别提高20.60%、7.90%和15.30%;与对照组相比,处理1、2和3组料重比显著降低（P<0.05）,分别降低13.20%、7.60%和13.35%;与对照组相比,处理1、2和3组腹泻率显著降低（P<0.05）,分别降低16.11、11.11和15.91个百分点;与对照组相比,处理1、2和3组日均采食量没有显著差异（P>0.05）;处理1组和处理3组对断奶仔猪日增重和料重比的改善程度接近。结果表明,通过添加有机酸型酸化剂能改善断奶仔猪的生长性能,添加高剂量的有机酸型酸化剂能达到金霉素和喹烯酮组合使用的效果。     

发酵中药渣对断奶仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响

为研究发酵中药渣作为饲料添加剂替代饲用抗生素的可行性,选取21日龄三元杂交断奶仔猪120头,随机分为对照组、中药渣组、发酵中药渣组和抗生素（硫酸黏菌素）组,每组设6个重复,每个重复5头仔猪,试验期28 d。试验第28天晨饲前,从每个重复中随机选取1头体重接近组内平均值的试验猪进行前腔静脉采血,分离血清,测定其生化指标、抗氧化指标及免疫相关指标。结果表明：发酵中药渣组仔猪的料重比（F/G）显著低于对照组和抗生素组（P<0.05）;发酵中药渣组血液总蛋白和白蛋白含量均显著高于抗生素组（P<0.05）,发酵中药渣组的甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;发酵中药渣组的谷胱甘肽含量及过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;中药渣组和发酵中药渣组血液免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、IgA、IgM含量均显著高于对照组和抗生素组（P<0.05）。综合上述结果,发酵中药渣在调节断奶仔猪血脂浓度方面可发挥一定的作用,同时可提高断奶仔猪的生长性能、抗氧化能力和免疫力,效果优于抗生素,可作为饲料添加剂代替抗生素。     

Effects of dietary supplementation of fermented Ginkgo biloba L. residues on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,serum biochemical parameters and immune function in weaned piglets

This study evaluated the effects of fermented Ginkgo biloba L. residues (FGBLR) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical parameters and immune function in weaned piglets. Pigs were allotted to five dietary treatments, including negative control (NC: antibiotic free basal diet), positive control (PC) (NC + 30 mg apramycin/kg) and FGBLR‐50, 100, 150 (NC + 50, 100, 150 g FGBLR/kg). Pigs in FGBLR‐100 and PC treatments showed increased final body weight, average daily gain, gain:feed and apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, N and gross energy (P < 0.05) compared with NC, FGBLR‐50 and FGBLR‐150 treatments, In addition, pigs fed with FGBLR‐100 diet showed higher serum total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, hemoglobin, total iron, total iron binding capacity, superoxide dismutase and glutathione superoxide dismutase levels, and lower serum blood urea nitrogen, malondialdehyde, glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase, glutamic‐oxalacetic transaminase, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels than those fed with PC and NC diets (P < 0.05). Moreover, feeding FGBLR‐100 could increase levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA and IgM, as well as lymphocyte transformation rates, ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ cells and proportions of CD2+, CD4+, B, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐I and MHC‐II cells, and can decrease proportion of CD8+ cells in blood of piglets compared with PC and NC groups (P < 0.05). These results indicate that dietary supplementation with 10% of FGBLR showed greatest beneficial effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical parameters and immune function in weaned piglets, which were superior to antibiotic supplemental diets.     

Effect of Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Weaned Piglets

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the Bacillus subtilis on growth performances and serum biochemical parameters of weaned piglets. A total of 96 pigs(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) were randomly allocated to four treatments, each treatment had three replicates of 8 pigs. The pigs in control group were only fed basal diet, and those in other groups(groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ) were fed basal diet supplemented with 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4% Bacillus subtilis, respectively. The experiment lasted for 40 d. The results showed that the average end body weight, average daily gain and average daily feed intake in group Ⅱ were significantly higher than that of control group (P< 0.05), and the F/G in group Ⅱ had no significant difference with that of control group (P> 0.05). The contents of ALB and TP had no significant differences in all groups, the activities of ALP, ALT and AST in serum had no significant difference in all groups too, and the contents of BUN in serum of group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were significantly lower than that of the control group (P< 0.05).The contents of IgA, IgM and IgG in serum of all groups had no significant differences (P> 0.05). The content of serum superoxide dismutase was significantly higher with add 0.2% Bacillus subtilis to the diet of weaned piglets (P< 0.05).It was concluded that the growth performance and serum biochemical parameters of group Ⅱ was best in weaned piglets, and suggested that optimal dietary Bacillus subtilis level was 0.2%.     

Effect of fermented blood cells on growth performance and intestinal characteristics of weaned piglets

The increase in feed costs has led feeder to replace protein source. Blood meal can be used in piglet diets instead of fish meal (FM). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of fermented blood cells (FBCs) on the growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets. One hundred eighty 28‐day‐old piglets were assigned and were divided into 4 groups (9 L per groups and 5 pigs per litters) randomly. The piglets were fed one of four experimental diets, fish meal, blood cells (BCs), liquid‐state fermented blood cells (LFBCs) or solid‐state fermented blood cells (SFBCs) respectively. The dietary with LFBCs and SFBCs increased the average daily gain and feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) (p < .05). In duodenum, LFBC group increased the villous height (p < .05). The SFBC and LFBC group significantly increased the villous height (p < .05) in the jejunum. Fermented blood cells exhibit a positive regulatory function on the intestinal tract and modulate intestinal microflora. Compared with the fish meal group, the CAT, GSH‐PX and SOD activity, and MDA level was no significant differences in jejunum and plasma of weaned piglets (p > .05). LFBCs and SFBCs significantly increased the bifidobacteria and lactobacillus number in the caecum (p < .05). Dietary LFBCs increased the expression of ZO‐1 mRNA in the jejunal of weaned piglets (p < .05). In conclusion, dietary with fermented blood cells in weaned piglets had improved growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets.     

饲粮添加银耳多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻的影响

试验旨在研究银耳多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻的影响。试验选取健康、体重接近的断奶仔猪72头,采用单因素完全随机化设计分为3个处理,即对照组(饲喂基础饲粮)、无抗组(在对照组饲粮基础上饲喂完全不含抗生素的饲粮)和TP组(在无抗组饲粮的基础上补充0.2%的银耳多糖)。每个处理3个重复,每个重复8头猪。试验期24 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,仔猪饲喂无抗饲粮日采食量增加0.95%、日增重增加1.75%、料重比下降了0.98%、腹泻率增加12.54%,但是对断奶仔猪的日采食量、日增重、料重比和腹泻率均无显著影响,表明不添加抗生素未对断奶仔猪生长性能造成负面影响;与无抗组相比,饲粮添加0.2%银耳多糖,仔猪日采食量提高9.76%、日增重提高12.98%、料重比下降2.46%、腹泻率下降17.80%,表明饲粮添加0.2%银耳多糖能够显著提高断奶仔猪的生长性能;与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.2%银耳多糖,仔猪日采食量提高10.80%、日增重提高14.95%、料重比下降3.41%、腹泻率下降7.49%,表明添加0.2%银耳多糖能够显著提高仔猪的生长性能。研究表明,饲粮中不添加抗生素会增加仔猪腹泻率,但未对其他生长性能造成负面影响;添加0.2%银耳多糖能够降低腹泻率、显著提高仔猪生长性能,并且能够替代抗生素发挥作用。