野草饲喂肉兔的适口性观察

为了解肉兔对豫西地区各类野草的适口性,提高野草在养兔生产中的利用效果,本试验利用当地50种常见野草饲喂日本大耳白兔、哈白兔及二者杂种,观察肉兔对野草的适口性。根据家兔的采食行为表现将其适口性分为适口、较适口、适口性较差三类。结果：适口的野草有23种;较适口的野草有21种;适口性较差的野草有6种。     

对50种野草的肉兔适口性试验研究

为了解豫西地区各类野草对肉兔的适口性，提高野草在养兔生产中的利用效果，促进野草资源合理利用。2000～2001年间，利用豫西地区常见50种野草饲喂日本大耳白、哈白兔及二者杂种，研究肉兔对野草的适口性。     

浅谈肉兔的常用饲料及饲喂注意事项

肉兔是食草动物,对粗纤维的消化和利用能力较强,但是单纯用草作为肉兔的饲料是满足不了生长和繁殖后代的营养需要的,必须搭配适当的精饲料和其他补充饲料,以保证肉兔的营养需要。1常用饲料1.1青饲料青饲料的主要特点是干物质中含丰富的粗蛋白质、维生素和矿物质,适口性强,易消化吸收,成本低,营养全面,但含水量高,体积大。青饲料不仅可以降低饲料成本,又可为肉兔提供较全面的营养物质。人工种     

山地夏季人工草场山羊放牧适口性研究

在福州北峰的夏季人工草场,通过划区轮牧试验对山羊的适口性进行了研究.试验结果表明,在对杂交狼尾草、甘薯、百喜草等7种牧草进行的适口性评价,甘薯对山羊的适口性最好,表现为嗜食;对杂交狼尾草表现为喜食;羽叶决明、南非马唐、俯仰马唐对山羊的适口性较差.同样,山羊对百喜草、印度豇豆等牧草的不同生育期,其适口性系数也发生变化.     

红豆草和紫花苜蓿营养价值研究总结

本试验目的在于评价红豆草和苜蓿的生产能力及营养价值。第二年盛花期红豆草的干草产量比苜蓿高30%,蛋白质高13%,14种氨基酸的含量也高于苜蓿。红豆草花期的落叶量少,茎较柔软,含有2～3%的丹宁,不会引起鼓胀病,但适口性较苜蓿差.鲜草饲喂生长肉兔的效果不如苜蓿,草粉配合料饲喂肥育兔的效果相近;压缩颗粒料饲喂生长肉兔的效果差异不显著.在绵羊试验中,结实期红豆草粉配合料的采食量比苜蓿的高14%,日增重高17%;盛花期分别高10%和27%.两种牧草对兔和绵羊的消化能差异无几.     

兔用饲草适口性研究初探(二)

兔可食用的主要饲草有189种,本次试验选用的是幼年和青年八点黑獭兔24只,体重为1750.4±369.9g,对28种饲草进行适口性研究。供试兔分A、B、C、D四组,每组6只,每批试验4种草,每组1种草,连续4d,第1天50g/兔,第2天100g/兔,第3天150g/兔,第4天150g/兔。其结果是13种饲草为适口性好,占46.4%,食草率在80%以上;6种饲草为适口性较好,占21.4%,食草率在70%～79%;4种饲草为适口性中等,占14.3%,食草率在60%～69%;5种饲草为适口性较差,占17.9%,食草率在50%～59%。本次试验确定了幼年和青年獭兔每天的最佳供草量为100g;对兔用饲草适口性定为好、较好、中等、较差和差5个等级;了解兔喂饲草的发育情况;查阅了兔用饲草的药用价值。为兔用饲草适口性、营养价值、药用价值、消化率等研究奠定了一定的基础,为广大养兔者合理利用饲草养兔提供科学依据。     

山地夏季人工草场山羊放牧适口性研究

在福州北峰的夏季人工草场,通过划区轮牧试验对山羊的适口性进行了研究。试验结果表明,在对杂交狼尾草、甘薯、百喜草等7种牧草进行的适口性评价,甘薯对山羊的适口性最好,表现为嗜食;对杂交狼尾草表现为喜食;羽叶决明、南非马唐、俯仰马唐对山羊的适口性较差。同样,山羊对百喜草、印度豇豆等牧草的不同生育期,其适口性系数也发生变化。     

兔用饲草适口性研究初探(一)

兔可食用的主要饲草有189种,本次试验选用幼年和青年八点黑獭兔24只,体重为1801.3±343.5g,对58种饲草进行适口性研究。供试兔分A、B、C、D四组,每组6只,每批试验4种草,每组1种草,连续4d,第1天50g/兔,第2天100g/兔,第3天150g/兔,第4天150g/兔。其结果是23种饲草为适口性好,占39.7%,食草率在80%以上;18种饲草为适口性较好,占31%,食草率在70%～79%;13种饲草为适口性中等,占22.4%,食草率在60%～69%;3种饲草为适口性较差,占5.2%,食草率在50%～59%;1种饲草为适口性差,占1.7%,食草率在49%以下。本次试验对兔用饲草适口性定为好、较好、中等、较差和差5个等级;进一步确定了幼年和青年獭兔每天的最佳供草量为100g;57种草有药用价值,占98.3%,合理饲喂,对兔病有很好的防治作用。该研究为饲草饲用价值的评价和合理开发提供参考依据。     

适合喂畜禽的野生青绿饲料

<正>野生青绿饲料包括青绿树叶、野草、野菜等,除个别的有毒外,均可供畜禽作饲料用。其幼嫩期粗纤维含量较少,易消化,适口性好,富含粗蛋白质和各种维生素。畜禽吃了不但促进生长发育,而且少患病。1禾本科野草禾本科野草主要有马唐、狗尾草、虎尾草、碱草、稗草等,这类野草富含碳水化合物。鲜草中无氮浸出物含量为10%～16%,而粗蛋白质含量较少,平均在2.5%左     

喂料定顺序养兔效益高

根据肉兔的采食习性制定出投料顺序,就能使适口性差、不易消化的饲料得到充分消化吸收,从而能提高饲料报酬和减少其消化道疾病的发生.     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。