粉锈宁胶悬剂药效试验

粉锈宁(也称三唑铜)是一种高效、低毒、广谱、持效期长的内吸性杀菌剂,能防治40几种作物的病害,尤其对禾谷类作物的白粉病、锈病、黑粉病等防效突出。 国外粉锈宁的剂型为可湿性粉剂、乳剂、粉剂和糊剂。南开大学元素所自1980年开始研制粉锈宁胶悬剂,经4年(1980—1983)在本所温室及外单位田间试验证明,粉锈宁     

40％福星乳油防治西葫芦白粉病示范简报

４０％福星乳油防治西葫芦白粉病示范简报师迎春，张云，郑建秋（北京市植保站，１０００２９）多年来单一使用粉锈宁防治瓜类蔬菜白粉病，许多地区已不同程度产生抗药性，防效显著下降。据北京郊区调查，２５％粉锈宁可湿性粉剂６００倍液防治瓜类白粉病，防效仅２０％～...     

粉锈宁缓释剂防治玉米丝黑穗病

玉米丝黑穗病是贵州省玉米的主要病害之一,每年都造成严重损失。按常规使用0.08％粉锈宁农药直接拌干玉米种防治此病,防效差,易产生药害。将粉锈宁与聚乙烯醇等复配成缓释剂后拌萌动的玉米种,解决了药害问题,还提高了防效。     

应用粉锈宁热烟雾剂防治橡胶树白粉病

1984—1986年在广东省海南岛试用粉锈宁热烟雾剂防治橡胶树白粉病,小区试验防效达88.2％,大面积示范防效68.1％。3年来,应用这一新技术防治橡胶树白粉病与用丰收30喷粉器喷撒细硫磺粉的传统方法相比,显示出防治效果好、劳动强度小和工作效率高等优点。这一课题由药械研制、药剂的剂型研制与药效测定三者密切配合,保证了研究工作的顺利进行。     

腈吡螨酯防治苹果叶螨和二斑叶螨的药效评价

通过果园施药试验,比较30%腈吡螨酯悬浮剂不同用量处理与对照药剂20%三唑锡可湿性粉剂对苹果叶螨的防治效果,以及与对照药剂24%螺螨酯悬浮剂对二斑叶螨的防治效果。结果表明,30%腈吡螨酯悬浮剂2 000~4 000倍液处理对两种害螨均具较高防效,速效性和持效性也较好。药后1 d,该药剂防治苹果叶螨校正防效为88.40%~94.11%,防治二斑叶螨校正防效为83.55%~92.83%。药后14 d,该药剂防治苹果叶螨效果达99%以上,3个用量处理间防效无显著差异,均显著高于三唑锡;防治二斑叶螨效果达96.87~99.57%,与螺螨酯无显著差异。在试验剂量下,喷施腈吡螨酯对苹果树生长安全。     

特谱唑防治小麦白粉病试验示范简报

特谱唑(速保利、消斑灵、烯唑醇)是一种防治小麦白粉病的有效药剂,其用药量低,持效期长,使用安全,是粉锈宁理想的换代产品或与粉锈宁交替使用。田间示范表明,666.7m~2用成药30g于小麦白粉病发病初期喷施,一次可控制小麦整个生育期白粉病为害,有良好的经济效益。平均防效93.21％。增产率为5.20％,对白粉病具有很强的治疗和铲除作用。     

25％三唑锡可湿性粉剂、72％克螨特悬浮剂对柑桔红蜘蛛防效试验

选用25％三唑锡WP和72％克螨特SE进行柑桔红蜘蛛防治试验。结果表明：25％三唑锡WP、72％克螨特SE对柑桔红蜘蛛均有较好的防效。25％三唑锡WP加入助剂防效更佳,药后3d、7d和15d防效分别达到91．16％、90．65％和73．40％。667耐防治药剂成本仅8元左右,高防效低成本,对果树安全,可推广使用。     

农抗120防治小麦白粉病的应用技术研究

1989—1990年在河南省8个县市对农抗120防治小麦白粉病进行了田间试验。结果表明:在4月上中旬,小麦白粉病发生的病株率达15～20％,病叶率10％左右时,应用100ppm农抗120喷雾防治2次,防效达70～85％。防病效果与防治时间、喷药次数和发病程度关系密切。施药越晚,效果越差。农抗120的防治效果优于多菌灵等常用化学药剂,在发病初期喷药2次,防治效果与施用粉锈宁相近,可作为粉锈宁紧缺情况下的首选替补药物。但在病害大流行时施用,作用缓慢,效果较差。     

粉锈宁和羟锈宁拌种防治玉米丝黑穗病几种影响药效和药害的因子研究

粉锈宁和羟锈宁拌种防治玉米丝黑穗病的田间试验表明,墒情影响药效,墒情好,药效高。正常低土温和正常高墒情相结合,可以达到既压低发病基数,又获得高防效的双重目的。粉锈宁和羟锈宁的防效是近似的。墒情对羟锈宁的影响似更敏感,其防效的稳定性较粉锈宁差,但羟锈宁对幼苗的抑制轻,在逆境下造成的药害小。两种药剂的胶悬剂并不比可湿性粉剂优越。乳剂防效稍高,但药害较重。与促进生长的激素浸种结合应用有降低药效的趋势,不宜采用。室内试验证明,过饱和墒、过低土温和厚复土三者结合是田间按常用量拌种有时造成药害的原因。药害主要发生在干种至种子开始萌动阶段。玉米自交系的抗药性比杂交种差,应用药剂拌种时尤需慎重。     

动力三角翼施药作业防治稻瘟病效果与效率调查

为研究动力三角翼施药作业效果,在黑龙江省方正县应用动力三角翼喷施75%三环唑可湿性粉剂防治稻瘟病。调查防效发现,制剂用量为25.00 g/667m2和20.83 g/667m2的三角翼施药处理对稻瘟病病指防效分别为98.30%和98.07%,与人工喷雾25.00 g/667m2处理的防效相近。综合考虑两种药械防治效果、成本与作业效率、安全性等多方面因素,以动力三角翼施用75%三环唑可湿性粉剂20.83 g/667m2防治稻瘟病为宜。     

三种粉锈宁络合物防治小麦锈病研究

三种粉锈宁络合物,即保丰宁、植保宁和粉锈铜对小麦锈病防病保产效果显著,用药量低、持效期长,使用安全,而且在田间试验与粉锈宁用药量相同的情况下,其效果接近。据室内测定,植保宁具有较强的内吸传导性能,但基本上是向上传导;具有较强的治疗和铲除作用,但对夏孢子萌发的影响很弱。据田间试验,用药量与品种感病性关系密切,随着小麦品种感病性提高,用药量应适当增加,才能控制锈病为害;施药次数主要取决于施药时小麦所处的生育期,施药1次的适期在病叶率5％—10％时、小麦处于旗叶伸长至抽穗期。     

特谱唑防治小麦白粉病研究

特谱唑对小麦白粉病效果优异，用药量低，持效期长，内吸传导性能强，使用安全，而且比目前常用的高效药剂粉锈宁效果更好，剂量更少。温室测定结果表明，特谱唑对白粉病菌的毒力和粉锈宁更强，其ＥＣ５０的毒力指数（以粉锈宁为１００），治疗作用的为５７３，保护作用的为２０９６；具有较强的内吸向上传导性能，采用喷雾法，在施药后长成的第１叶片（即第２叶）可保持很高的药效，而长成的第２叶片的效果则明显下降。田间试验和示     

Effect of split applications of fenpropimorph-containing fungicides on sensitivity of Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici

A field trial was conducted in the south of the Netherlands over a period of 3 years (1992–94) in order to test the effect of fenpropimorph-containing fungicides on the sensitivity of Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici to fenpropimorph. In general, use of split applications resulted in a better protection against wheat powdery mildew than use of normal applications. This is ascribed to a better timing of the split applications. The sensitivity to fenpropimorph of the mildew population in plots treated with normal applications of both fungicides did not change during the growing seasons of the years investigated. In contrast, the sensitivity of the mildew population from plots treated with split applications of Corbel became significantly lower. A significantly lower sensitivity was also found in the mildew population from plots treated with split applications of Tilt Top in 1993 and 1994. These results indicate that split applications can increase the rate at which E. graminis f.sp. tritici can become less sensitive to fenpropimorph. Because maintenance of sensitivity of the pathogen population is valued highly, the split application strategy of fenpropimorph-containing fungicides is not recommended for wheat powdery mildew control.     

戊菌唑20%水乳剂田间防治草莓白粉病药效试验

为解决当前白粉病在草莓上危害日趋严重的问题,本研究以常用药剂苯醚甲环唑和三唑酮为对照药剂,在田间草莓上测试了戊菌唑20%水乳剂不同使用浓度下对草莓白粉病的防治效果。结果表明,戊菌唑20%水乳剂2个处理浓度的防效显著高于对照药剂苯醚甲环唑10%水分散粒剂处理的防效,且极显著的高于对照药剂三唑酮15%可湿性粉剂处理的防效。     

生物源杀菌剂与化学杀菌剂协调防控黄瓜病害

本文研究枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis BAB-1水剂、解淀粉芽孢杆菌B.amylololiquefaciens SAB-1水剂、大花旋覆花内酯乳油与化学杀菌剂交替或混合使用对温室黄瓜病害发展的影响.寿光试验包括以下处理:交替或混合喷施50%啶酰菌胺WG、68.75%氟吡菌胺·霜霉威SC的桶混液、60%唑醚·代森联WG、40%嘧霉胺SC、50%烯酰吗啉WP、10%苯醚甲环唑WG、69%烯酰·锰锌WP、68.75%噁唑·锰锌WG、52.5%噁唑·霜脲氰WG等不同作用机理和防治谱的化学杀菌剂;混施生防菌剂BAB-1水剂、SAB-1水剂及68.75%氟吡菌胺·霜霉威SC、50%烯酰吗啉WP、25%双炔酰菌胺SC、25%吡唑醚菌酯EC等对霜霉病特效化学杀菌剂;将不同化学杀菌剂桶混液与BAB-1水剂、SAB-1水剂和化学杀菌剂桶混液交替喷施.其对黄瓜霜霉病的防效分别为94.5%、92.3%和93.6%,对黄瓜白粉病分别为90.7%、89.9%和90.4%,对灰霉病的防效分别为69.3%、85.6%和85.7%,每种病害的病害发展曲线下面积(AUDPC)相当.在定州试验中,化学杀菌剂与SAB-1混施对白粉病的防效(84%)明显高于其与BAB-1混施的防效(72.8%),对灰霉病的防效(61.3%)明显低于后者的防效(95.1%),与SAB-1、BAB-1混施后对白粉病、灰霉病及霜霉病防效分别为90.2%、89.3%和92.6%.在保定郊区试验中,将大花旋覆花内酯乳油与化学杀菌剂及BAB-1水剂、SAB-1水剂交替喷施显著降低霜霉病、白粉病及灰霉病的严重度及AUDPC,对其防效分别为83.5%、87.4%和88.5%,AUDPC分别为219、352和249,延缓了3种黄瓜病害的发展.     

Comparison of three biological control agents against cucumber powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) in semi-commercial-scale glasshouse trials

The effect of three reported biological control agents, Ampelomyces quisqualis, Verticillium lecanii and Sporothrix flocculosa, was tested against cucumber powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea). Two glasshouse experiments, one in the summer and one in winter/spring were conducted on a semi-commercial scale. In both experiments, a susceptible and a partially resistant cultivar were used. In the second experiment, the additional effect of integration of biological control and silicon amendments to the nutrient solution was also assessed. In both experiments, A. quisqualis did not control the disease. V. lecanii had a small effect on powdery mildew in the first experiment but not in the second. S. flocculosa gave the best control of powdery mildew in both experiments. In the first experiment, weekly application of S. flocculosa reduced disease in the partially resistant cultivar to the same level as a treatment in which the fungicides bupirimate and imazalil were each applied once. Addition of silicon in the nutrient solution in a concentration of 0.75 mM reduced disease by 10–16%, averaged over all treatments. There was no interaction between silicon and the biocontrol agents. Yield was recorded in the second experiment and was significantly increased by the fungicide treatment compared to the control in the partially resistant cultivar. Yield in the treatment with S. flocculosa was not significantly different from the fungicide treatment in this cultivar. Silicon had no effect on yield in either cultivar.     

In-vivo evaluation of adjuvants for more effective control of celery leaf-spot (Septoria apiicola) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis) of wheat with fungicides

The effects of seven adjuvants (at 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g litre^?1) on the efficacies of four fungicides al 0.5 g litre^?1 were studied in the laboratory for the control of leaf-spot in celery (caused by Septoria apiicola) and powdery mildew on winter wheat (caused by Erysiphe graminis). The most effective fungicides for controlling leaf-spot were: tebuconazole + triadimenol = flutriafol > mancozeb + oxadixyl > prochloraz. However, addition of adjuvant to the fungicides gave a modified pattern of effectiveness. The efficacy of flutriafol was strongly enhanced by addition of all adjuvants, but those of prochloraz and mancozeb+oxadixyl only partially so. The tested adjuvants were mineral oil + surfactant, a polymer/alkoxylated alkyl ether blend, an ethoxylated alkylphenol, an ethoxylated hexitan ester blend, an ethoxylated nonylphenol and an alkylpolysaccharide- based adjuvant mixture. However, the addition of adjuvants to tebuconazole + triadimenol had a negative effect. Of all the adjuvants tested, the nonylphenol ethoxylate and a mixture of mineral oil /surfactant and alkylpolysaccharides gave the highest efficacy with the fungicides, while the mineral oil/surfactant and the alkylpolysaccharides alone were less effective. There was a positive relationship between high concentrations of adjuvants and their effectiveness, but there were some exceptions. The most effective fungicides for control of powdery mildew in wheat were prochloraz, mancozeb + oxadixyl and tebuconazole + triadimenol. There was a linear relationship between the high efficacy of the fungicide and the concentration of adjuvants to control powdery mildew in wheat. The highest concentration of adjuvant (2-0 g litre^?1) gave the highest efficacy for the fungicides.     

Integrated Control of Powdery Mildew on Field-grown Mango Trees by Foliar Sprays of Mono-potassium Phosphate Fertilizer, Sterol Inhibitor Fungicides and the Strobilurin Kresoxym-methyl

Foliar sprays of solutions of di-potassium hydrogen orthophosphate, K2HPO4 (DKP) and potassium di-hydrogen orthophosphate, KH2PO4 (MKP), commercial systemic fungicides, and an alternating treatment with phosphate fertilizer and systemic fungicides inhibited development of the powdery mildew fungus, Oidium mangiferae, on flowers and bloom clusters of field-grown mango trees. The effectiveness of the alternation treatments with an appropriate systemic fungicide and 1% solution of mono-potassium phosphate (MKP) in controlling powdery mildew on bloom clusters was similar to that of the commercial treatment with the systemic fungicides. However, application of the systemic fungicides alone, on the same dates on which they were applied in the alternation treatment, without application of the phosphate treatment was significantly less effective in controlling the disease than either the phosphate or the alternation treatment. This indicates that the use of phosphate fertilizer has a significant role in disease control and that it can reduce the number of fungicide treatments necessary against powdery mildew by up to 50%. These results were confirmed in large-scale demonstration trials conducted in commercial orchards in 1994 and 1995. Our 1997 findings also revealed that tank-mix treatments of 1% MKP solution with half the recommended quantity of sterol inhibitor fungicide applied at 14-day intervals provided a protection against powdery mildew comparable with or superior to that given by the standard fungicides-based treatment applied at 7-day intervals. Tank-mix treatments of MKP (1%) with sterol inhibitor at the recommended rate or with the new strobilurin Kresoxym-methyl (BAS 490F, strobi), or the BAS 490F alone, were the most effective, and provided >95% protection against O. mangiferae, compared with the control. Phosphate solutions were found not to be phytotoxic to plant tissue. These treatments affected the yield of mango trees: a significantly lower yield was observed on control untreated trees, probably because of powdery mildew infection on flowers. The inhibitory effectiveness of phosphate salts makes them a potential major component of an integrated pest management program.     

Seed treatment for the control of Sphaerotheca fuliginea in muskmelon seedlings

The effects of powdery mildew (caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea )on muskmelon seedlings and the efficacy of seed treatment with systemic fungicides were examined under controlled environmental conditions. The fresh weight of seedlings infected with powdery mildew was substantially less than that of uninoculated seedlings 5 weeks after inoculation, and the inoculated seedlings shrivelled 1 week later. The fungicides fenarimol and triadimenol applied to the seeds did not affect germination and suppressed powdery mildew effectively when applied at a rate equivalent to 8 g fungicide product per kg seed. Under conditions moderately conducive to the pathogen, fenarimol markedly reduced disease severity and its effect when applied as a seed treatment was as effective as foliar treatment. When conditions were highly conducive to the pathogen, seed treatment with fenarimol was not effective. Development of powdery mildew and efficacy of the seed treatments were related to soil type: disease developed earlier and more intensely on seedlings grown in sandy soil than those in organic medium, and seed treatment had a more pronounced effect on seedlings grown in sandy soil. The results indicate that fungicidal treatment of muskmelon seeds may offer an adequate means of reducing powdery mildew infections on seedlings.