日粮中添加番茄渣对围产期奶牛抗氧化性能的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加番茄渣发酵饲料对围产期奶牛抗氧化性能的影响。选择体质均匀,预产期、体重、胎次和泌乳量相近的围产期奶牛16头,随机分为2组,每组8头,对照组饲喂常规全混合日粮（TMR）,试验组在日粮中添加番茄渣发酵饲料（围产前期13%,围产后期11%）。预试期14 d,正试期 60 d（产前30 d至产后30 d）。结果显示,与对照组相比,围产后期试验组奶牛产奶量显著提高（P<0.05）;整个试验阶段,试验组奶牛血清GSH-Px、T-SOD和T-AOC活力均高于对照组,其中,围产前期试验组GSH-Px、T-SOD和T-AOC活力显著提高（P<0.05）,与围产前期相比,围产后期GSH-Px、T-SOD和T-AOC活力等抗氧化指标均呈下降趋势,围产后期试验组奶牛MDA含量较对照组显著降低（P<0.05）,但围产前期和围产后期间无显著差异（P>0.05）;与对照组相比,围产后期试验组红细胞、血红蛋白浓度、尿素氮、低密度胆固醇、铁含量均显著提高（P<0.05）;其他指标两组间差异均不显著（P>0.05）。综上所述,日粮中添加番茄渣发酵饲料对围产期奶牛机体的抗氧化性能和产奶量有一定提高作用。     

不同含水量及原料组合对薯渣混贮效果的影响

本试验对不同含水量及原料组合对薯渣混贮效果的影响进行研究,并筛选出适宜薯渣混贮的最佳组合。采用双因素试验设计,用塑料桶将薯渣与棉籽粕和/或菜籽粕[(薯渣+菜籽粕(鲜重比例为1∶1,SC)组合、薯渣+棉籽粕(鲜重比例为1∶1,SM)组合、薯渣+菜籽粕+棉籽粕(鲜重比例为2∶1∶1,SCM)组合]按重量比混合并搅拌均匀,并调节含水量分别为45%、50%、55%。将混合后的具有不同含水量的混贮原料分别装入5 L密封塑料桶并压实,进行混贮发酵,共9个处理,每个处理3个重复。室温条件下贮藏70 d后用四分法进行取样,进行样品发酵品质、营养品质、营养物质瘤胃降解率(48 h)以及有氧稳定性的测定。结果显示：低含水量(45%)条件下SC组合的pH、氨态氮/总氮(AN/TN)最低,乳酸(LA)含量最高,且各处理均未检测到丁酸(BA);低含水量(45%)条件下SC组合混贮后较其他组合显著或极显著降低了中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的含量(P<0.05或P<0.01),极显著提高了淀粉的含量(P<0.01);在有氧暴露12 d内各处理均未发生有氧腐败,有氧稳定性时间均超过...     

番茄渣的营养特性及其对混合青贮发酵品质的影响

为探讨番茄渣与玉米秸秆调制混合青贮、番茄渣覆盖秸秆青贮和番茄渣添加全混合发酵饲粮对青贮发酵品质及营养特性的影响,以番茄渣、玉米秸秆25∶75比例调制混合青贮以及覆盖青贮.添加5％、10％、15％、20％发酵番茄渣调制全混合饲粮发酵青贮.30 d后测定发酵品质及营养成分.结果 显示,与玉米秸秆单贮相比,25∶75比例搅拌...     

番茄皮渣与高粱秸秆混贮的发酵品质、瘤胃降解率及有氧稳定性

本试验旨在通过化学分析和瘤胃瘘管绵羊动物模型探究番茄皮渣与高粱秸秆混贮的发酵品质、瘤胃降解率及有氧稳定性,明确最优混贮比例及含水量。试验采用真空袋法调制混合青贮,按照不同的番茄皮渣：高粱秸秆混贮比例(3∶7、4∶6、5∶5、6∶4、7∶3)分为5个处理(T₁、T₂、T₃、T₄、T₅)。发酵90 d后开袋进行感官评定,分析发酵品质、有氧稳定性、瘤胃降解率,采用隶属函数分析法评价最优处理。结果表明：1) T₁、T₂处理感官评定为优等。2) T₁处理的干物质(DM)、水溶性碳水化合物(WSC)、粗蛋白质(CP)及乳酸(LA)含量显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),T₁、T₂处理的氨态氮/总氮(NH₃-N/TN),中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、丙酸(PA)、乙酸(AA)及丁酸(BA)含量及pH显著低于其他处理(P<0.05)。3...     

饲用甜菜块根混贮饲喂荷斯坦牛的试验研究

采用75%切碎的饲用甜菜根茎与15%芦苇草粉、8%棉籽壳及2%玉米粉进行混合青贮,并替代荷斯坦奶牛常规日粮中的部分玉米青贮,进行饲喂对比试验。结果表明,饲用甜菜混贮饲料干物质含量为27.8%、粗蛋白含量为2.76%、粗脂肪含量为0.92%、粗纤维含量为11.28%、粗灰分含量为3.23%、钙含量为0.10%和磷含量为0.04%。饲用甜菜混贮饲料等量替代10kg奶牛日粮中的玉米青贮饲喂奶牛,试验组比对照组每头奶牛日平均产奶量降低0.09kg,试验末期对照组和试验组的乳蛋白率分别为3.17%和3.18%,乳脂率分别为3.66%和3.73%,分析结果表明,产奶量及乳品质差异均不显著。可见饲用甜菜块根混贮是一种较好的饲料,可以替代玉米青贮饲喂奶牛,混贮是饲用甜菜块根一种理想的贮藏方法。     

马铃薯淀粉渣对奶牛生产性能、血液生化指标和经济效益的影响

本研究旨在探究马铃薯淀粉渣对奶牛生产性能、血液生化指标和经济效益的影响。试验将60头健康状况良好、产奶量（45.72±1.27）kg、泌乳天数（79.64±2.95）d、泌乳胎次（2.63±0.23）相近的60头荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4组,每组15头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别使用2%、4%和8%的马铃薯淀粉渣替代基础日粮中的玉米粉。试验为期72d（其中预饲期14d,正试期58d）。试验结果表明,马铃薯淀粉渣对奶牛产奶量有显著影响,产奶量随马铃薯淀粉添加量增加而升高（P <0.05）;马铃薯淀粉渣对奶牛饲料转化率有显著影响,饲料转化率随马铃薯淀粉添加量增加而降低（P <0.05）;马铃薯淀粉渣对奶牛干物质采食量（DMI）、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率和乳干物质含量均无显著影响（P> 0.05）。马铃薯淀粉渣对奶牛血清总蛋白含量有显著影响,随马铃薯淀粉渣添加量提高,奶牛血清总蛋白含量先升高后降低（P <0.05）;马铃薯淀粉渣对奶牛血清尿素氮含量有显著影响,随马铃薯淀粉渣添加量升高,奶牛血清尿素氮含量不断升高（P <0.05）;马铃薯淀粉渣对奶牛血清白蛋白、总胆...     

酸贮玉米秸秆对奶牛生产性能影响的初步探讨

将 16头黑白花奶牛随机分成A和B两组 ,A组以酸贮玉米秸秆作为产奶牛的唯一粗饲料 ,B组以风干玉米秸秆为粗饲料 (对照组 )进行全交叉反转试验 ,观察两种粗饲料对产奶量和奶品质的影响。结果表明 :同对照组相比 ,试验组奶牛的粗饲料日采食量提高 4 2 % ,精饲料日采食量下降 5 .7% ,日产奶量提高 7.4 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,经济效益提高 2 7% ,而且酸贮玉米秸秆具有独特的预防瘤胃酸度过高的作用。     

Effects of apple pomace proportion levels on the fermentation quality of total mixed ration silage and its digestibility,preference and ruminal fermentation in beef cows

Four Japanese black beef cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square to evaluate the fermentation quality, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and preference of total mixed ration (TMR) silages prepared with differing proportions of apple pomace (AP). Experimental treatments were the control (no AP added, CAP), 5% (low, LAP), 10% (medium, MAP) and 20% (high, HAP) of TMR dry matter (DM) as AP. All TMR silages were well preserved. Ethanol was produced in silages containing AP and the amount increased with the proportion of AP (P < 0.05). Nutrient digestibility with LAP, MAP and HAP treatment was lower than that with CAP treatment (P < 0.05). The ruminal molar proportion of acetic acid increased (P < 0.05), but the ruminal ammonia‐N concentration decreased (P < 0.05) as the proportion of AP increased. The preference of the animals was highest for HAP, followed by MAP, CAP and LAP. This study demonstrates that decrease in nutrient digestibility might be related to the ethanol produced naturally from AP. Therefore, the proportion of AP in TMR silages should be less than 5% of dietary DM.     

青贮玉米秸饲喂奶牛效果研究

采用在奶牛日粮中分别加入青贮玉米秸和玉米秸对比试验的方法，经过30d锔喂试验，表明试验组比对照组日均产奶高1．24kg,差异显著（P＜0．05）。     

复合乳酸菌对番茄皮渣与苜蓿混合青贮发酵品质及瘤胃降解率的影响

本研究旨在探究接种复合乳酸菌对番茄皮渣与苜蓿混合青贮品质的影响,通过分析营养品质、发酵品质及瘤胃降解率,明确最优发酵条件,为提高资源利用率,拓宽本地区饲草料资源提供理论基础。试验采用真空袋法调制混合青贮,设计10个处理,其中5个处理不接种复合乳酸菌,混合比例(质量比)为：番茄皮渣∶苜蓿=3∶7(T₁),4∶6(T₂),5∶5(T₃),6∶4(T₄),7∶3(T₅);另外5个处理在各混合青贮比例基础上均匀加入复合乳酸菌(布氏乳杆菌+植物乳杆菌,比例为1∶1,1×10⁶CFU·g^-1),即分别为JT₁、JT₂、JT₃、JT₄、JT₅。发酵60 d后开袋进行感官评定,分析营养品质、发酵品质、瘤胃降解率,采用隶属函数分析法评价最优处理。结果表明：接种复合乳酸菌可改善番茄皮渣与苜蓿混合青贮的气味及质地,T₁、JT<...     

多花黑麦草饲喂奶牛效果研究

设4种不同梯度多花黑麦草Lolium multiflorum和配合饲料的日粮组成对24头黑白花奶牛进行饲喂试验,以期探讨最佳经济效益的日粮组成,为推广饲用玉米Zea mays-多花黑麦草种植系统提供理论依据.结果表明,随配合饲料饲喂量的减少,多花黑麦草采食量增加,青贮玉米的采食量不断减少.以每头饲喂6 kg配合饲料 30 kg多花黑麦草 自由采食青贮玉米试验组(2组)奶牛每天平均产奶量最高,达到11.59kg/头.以每头饲喂5 kg配合饲料 40 kg多花黑麦草 自由采食青贮玉米试验组(3组)奶品质最好,经济效益最高.     

Clinical endometritis with Trueperella pyogenes reduces reproductive performance and milk production in dairy cows

The aim of this study was to identify the impact of Trueperella pyogenes in cows with clinical endometritis (CE) on reproductive performance and milk production in affected cows. In total, 230 lactating Holstein dairy cows from six commercial dairy herds were sampled once between 28 and 33 days post-partum. Cows included in the present study did not receive antibiotic or anti-inflammatory treatments prior to the experimental period. Clinical endometritis (CE) was characterized as cow with vaginal mucus score = 3 (>50% of purulent vaginal discharge) and >18% polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte (PMNL). The body condition scores (BCS) and milk production were evaluated at the time of enrolment. The identification of isolated bacteria was carried out through the analysis of MALDI-TOF MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry). According to uterine health, three groups of dairy cows were formed: healthy control cows without T. pyogenes (n = 147), CE cows with T. pyogenes (n = 22) and CE cows without T. pyogenes (n = 61). CE cows with T. pyogenes had lower BCS, milk production and conception at first AI (p < .01) than CE cows without T. pyogenes and control cows. Furthermore, CE cows with T. pyogenes had higher (p < .01) service per pregnancy and had greater (p < .01) days to get pregnant than CE cows without T. pyogenes and control cows. This study demonstrates that CE cows with T. pyogenes had impaired reproductive performance and milk production when compared to cows without CE and CE cows without T. pyogenes. This information can contribute to a strategic treatment in cows affected by clinical endometritis, favouring the rational use of antibiotics on dairy farms.     

影响奶牛生产性能及经济效益的因素

在规模化牛场的生产过程中,品种、营养、牛群结构、饲养管理、疾病防治等因素对奶牛生产及经济效益有很大影响.而选择高产品种、调整营养水平、建立合理的牛群结构、采取适宜的饲养管理和疾病防治措施,不仅能够提高奶牛的生产性能、繁殖性能,还能降低饲养成本、提高经济效益.文章对影响奶牛生产性能及经济效益的因素进行论述,为促进我国规模...     

发酵玉米秸秆对泌乳期奶牛生产性能及经济效益的影响

为了研究发酵玉米秸秆对泌乳期奶牛生产性能的影响,试验选择30头胎次、产奶量相近的健康泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为3组,各组精饲料相同,对照组粗饲料为羊草和未处理秸秆,试验1组为低量菌发酵秸秆,试验2组为高量菌发酵秸秆。结果表明：整个试验期（60 d）内,与对照组相比,试验1,2组奶牛干物质采食量及产奶量均显著提高（P〈0.05）,经济效益也显著提高（P〈0.05）,试验1组经济收入净增127.09元,试验2组净增124.05元。     

Effects of Antidesma thwaitesianum Muell. Arg. pomace as a source of plant secondary compounds on digestibility,rumen environment,hematology, and milk production in dairy cows

Mao pomace meal (MPM) contains condensed tannins and saponins at 92 and 98 g/kg, respectively, and these substances can be used to manipulate ruminal fermentation in ruminant. Four multiparous lactating Holstein cows with 45 ± 5 days in milk were randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design to receive four different levels of MPM supplementation at 0, 100, 200, and 300 g/head/day, respectively. Cows were fed with concentrate diets at 1:1.5 of concentrate to milk yield ratio and urea‐treated (3%) rice straw was fed ad libitum. The results revealed that feed intake, nutrient digestibility, blood urea nitrogen, and hematological parameters were not affected by MPM supplementation (p > 0.05). However, ruminal pH and propionate were increased quadratically (p < 0.05) in cows receiving MPM whereas acetate, acetate to propionate ratio and estimate methane production were decreased (p < 0.05). Supplementation of MPM linearly decreased ruminal ammonia nitrogen and protozoal population at 4 hr postfeeding (p < 0.05). Milk production and milk composition were similar among treatments (p > 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of MPM at 200 g/head/day could modify ruminal fermentation and reduce methane production without adverse effect on feed intake, digestibility, hematological parameters, and milk production in dairy cows.     

Evaluation of alfalfa inter-seeding effect on bahiagrass baleage fermentation and lactating Holstein performance

Background：Previous research indicates that bahiagrass may be successfully conserved as baleage,but nutritive value is typically low for lactating dairy cows.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding modest amounts of alfalfa forage（22%）,achieved by inter-seeding alfalfa into an existing bahiagrass pasture,on baleage nutritive value and lactation performance of Holstein cows.Forage treatments employed were monoculture bahiagrass baleage（MBB;negative control）,bahiagrass-alfalfa mixture baleage（BAB） and conventional corn silage（CCS;positive control）.Thirty six mid lactation Holstein cows[34.8 ±5.8 kg 3.5%fat-corrected milk and 112 ± 19 d in milk（DIM）]were stratified according to milk yield and DIM and assigned randomly to 1 of 3 forage treatments.Cows were trained to Calan feeding gates and were offered a common CCS-based TMR in a 10-d covariance period followed by a 42-d treatment feeding period.Results：The BAB contained more protein and less NDF than MBB（12.6 vs 10.3%CP and 71.8 vs 76.6%NDF）.Diet DMI was similar for MBB and BAB（19.5 vs 21.6 kg/hd/d）,but cows consumed more of the CCS diet（25.5 kg/hd/d）than either baleage-based diet.Cows offered BAB tended to produce more milk than cows offered MBB based TMR（28.4 vs 26.1 kg/hd/d）,but both baleage diets generated less milk than CCS-based diets（33.1 kg/hd/d）.Milk cumpusition was similar across diets except for milk protein concentrations which were higher tor CCS than either MBB or BAB diets;however,milk urea nitrogen（MUN） was lowest for cows fed CCS diets.Cow BW gain was higher for BAB than MBB implying that a portion of the higher energy contributed by the alfalfa was being used to replenish weight on these mid lactation cows.Conclusions：Data from this study indicate that alfalfa inter-seeded in bahiagrass sod that produces BAB with as little as 22%alfalfa may improve nutritive value compared to monoculture bahiagrass baleage and marginally improve lactation performance of Holstein cows.Howev     

Effect of Addition Tomato Pomace on the Antioxidant Properties of Perinatal Dairy Cows

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of feed supplemented with fermented tomato pomace on the antioxidant properties of perinatal dairy cows.Sixteen dairy cows with similar physical,prenatal period,body weight,parity and lactation yield were divided into two groups with 8 dairy cows per group.The dairy cows in control group were fed TMR regular diet and that of experimental group was fed diet supplemented with fermented tomato pomace (13% in pre-partum period and 11% in post-partum period).The preliminary trial period was 14 d and trial period lasted for 60 d (30 d before delivery to 30 d after delivery). The results showed that compared with control group,the milk yield of dairy cows of experimental group in post-partum period was significantly increased (P<0.05);In the whole trail period,the activity of GSH-Px,T-SOD and T-AOC in experimental group were increased,and that in pre-partum period were significantly increased (P<0.05),while compared with pre-partum period,that in post-partum period showed a downward trend.The MDA content of experimental group in post-partum period was significantly decreased (P<0.05),there was no significant difference between pre-partum period and post-partum period (P>0.05);Compared with control group,the contents of white blood cells,hemoglobin,urea nitrogen, low density lipoprotein and Fe of experimetal group in post-partum period were significantly increased (P<0.05),and other indexes had no significant differences (P>0.05).In conclusion,diet supplemented with fermented tomato pomace had a certain improvement effect on the antioxidant properties and milk yield of dairy cows in the perinatal period.