厚朴不同种源及家系种子性状的变异

研究厚朴自然分布区内8个省份19个种源的种子长、种子宽、种子厚、种子长宽比及种子百粒重等性状的变异及趋变模式.结果表明:种源间种子长、种子宽、种子厚、种子长宽比等性状的差异均达到极显著水平;种源内不同家系种子长、种子宽、种子厚等性状的差异也均达到极显著水平;种源间种子百粒重变异远远高于种源内家系间变异,前者种子百粒重变异幅度为14.147～24.547 g,后者种子百粒重变异幅度为15.003～17.357 g;种子宽、种子厚和种子百粒重等性状受积温和热量因子控制作用极为明显.     

我国林木种子培育理论和技术进展

分别从林木种子生理生化、种子生产、种子处理等方面,总结了我国林木种子培育理论和生产技术的最新进展.     

不同贮藏方法对南天竹种子萌发的影响

针对南天竹种子发芽困难,发芽率不齐及发芽时间长等问题,设计常温干藏、低温干藏、低温湿藏、常温带果球沙藏、常温净种沙藏、低温净种沙藏等6种种子贮藏的方法开展试验,经过种子始萌发时间、发芽率和发芽势等指标的比较分析后发现,采用低温净种沙藏的南天竹种子,发芽率高达83%,发芽势65%,种子萌发快而整齐,是南天竹种子最佳贮藏方法。     

四法冬贮林木种

冬季要贮藏好林木种子,关键是控制种子的呼吸强度。为此,应综合运用以下四法,保证林木种子贮藏质量。晒种去杂大部分林木种子在贮藏以前都要晒干或阴干。凡种皮坚硬,安全含水量较低,在一般条件下不会迅速降低发芽力的种子,均可利用日光曝晒使种子干燥。大部分针叶树(圆柏除外)、豆科、翅果类及含水量低的蒴果种子等均可用此法。但有些林木种子,如栎类、板栗等,一旦干燥便很快脱水,迅速丧失生命力,因而不适宜晒种。一些种子小、种皮薄、成熟后代谢作用旺盛的种子,如杨、柳、榆、桑等,或含挥发性油脂的种子如花椒等,要摊放在通风良好的室(棚)…     

短萼仪花荚果与种子性状测定初报

对短萼仪花群落中5个优良单株的荚果长、荚果宽、荚果长宽比、种子长、种子宽、种子长宽比及种子单粒质量等性状进行测定分析,发现单株间种子表型性状差异均达到极显著水平;变异最大的为种子单粒质量,其变异系数为20.41%;种子表型性状间具有一定的相关性。     

不同温度层积处理对蓝莓种子萌发的影响

为提高蓝莓种子萌发率,探究了蓝莓种子催芽方法。以蓝莓种子为材料,采用室温、低温和变温等3种不同温度层积处理,进行发芽试验,比较了蓝莓种子发芽情况。结果表明：不同处理条件下蓝莓种子在萌发率、发芽势、发芽指数等各项指标上差异显著(P<0.01),变温层积处理的各项萌发指标达到最优,萌发时滞11 d、萌发历期30 d、发芽率57%、发芽势48.75%、发芽指数3.49。变温层积处理能使蓝莓种子萌发时期提前,能显著增加种子的萌发率、发芽势,可以显著提高蓝莓种子的发芽指数,采取变温层积催芽方法对蓝莓种子催芽,可有效解除蓝莓种子休眠,提高种子萌发效率。     

植物种子际微生物研究进展

很多林木种子存在难萌发、天然更新不良的现象,而种子际是直接影响种子萌发的土壤区域,种子际微生物会对天然更新的植物产生有益或有害的影响,并对解释根际微生物群落的建立具有重要的意义.文中主要从种子际微生物多样性、对种子和幼苗生长发育的影响、种子际微生物群落变化的影响因素以及种子际微生物的自身调节行为等4方面来概述种子际微生...     

简谈种子标准化

什么是种子标准化种子标准,就是衡量种子质量高低的尺度.种子标准一加化就不能只有一个种子分级标准,还必须有为此服务的一系列标准.种子标准化现有内容:种子分级标准、种子田标准,种子检验、包装、贮藏、保管标准及品种标准等.     

经济林种子生理研究进展

经济林种子是育苗、造林的物质基础,种子品质的好坏直接关系到苗木生产及造林的成效。本文就经济林种子的休眠与萌发、种子的老化及劣变、种子活力等种子生理工作研究现状进行了较为系统的总结,并提出了今后经济林种子生理的研究方向和发展趋势。     

水榆花楸种子育苗与造林技术

该文从水榆花楸的种子采集调制、种子品质检验、种子催芽等方面论述了种子处理的过程,总结出了种子的品质标准、种子处理的方法;通过育苗试验找到了培育优质苗木的方法;在造林的过程中,通过造林、抚育管理、病虫害防治,总结出培育水榆花楸林的方法。     

林木种苗质量检测的现状与对策

种苗检测是评定林木种苗质量的重要手段 ,根据《种子法》及新标准对种苗检测的要求 ,在分析种苗检测现状与存在问题的基础上 ,提出种苗检测的调整思路     

蒙古栎秋播种育苗技术的研究

自１９９３年起对本局大趟子苗圃进行了蒙古栎秋播育苗试验,并对蒙古栎从采种、种子调制、田间管理及起苗、留床、造林等环节上形成了一套完整的科学育苗方法,避免了春播育苗种子储藏和鼠害等一系列不利问题,研究探索了最佳播种量和最佳经营密度。     

银杏半同胞家系种苗性状变异及苗期选择

为探讨银杏家系主要性状的遗传变异规律，为苗期选择提供依据，对40个银杏半同胞家系的种苗性状进行了研究。结果表明：银杏半同胞家系种苗性状遗传力较高，不同家系间存在着不同程度的变异，家系内变异较小，种苗性状作为苗期选择的指标是可行的。随苗龄的增长，家系间在生长性状上的变异和分化有加大的趋势，银杏分枝类型的数量比例也会发生变化，由幼龄时长枝占优势会逐渐转变为成龄短枝占优势。银杏家系种子大小能反映该家系在苗期的生长表现，种子愈大，苗期生长量愈大。     

林木种苗工程建设的重大贡献和监管保障

林木种苗是造林绿化的物质基础,是建设绿色湖南的前提.为了加速湖南省林木种苗良种化进程,针对林木种苗工作在现代林业建设中的重大作用、加强种苗社会化服务体系建设、大力推进林木种苗全过程的执法检查和行业监管作了全面系统的论述.     

欧洲云杉、黑云杉、白云杉苗期对比试验

选择欧洲云杉3个种源、黑云杉3个种源、白云杉3个种源、青海云杉1个种源进行了不同种、种源的苗期生长性状变异试验。结果表明：云杉不同种、种源间苗期性状差异显著。4个种的1年生苗以苗高进行排序：欧洲云杉〉黑云杉〉白云杉〉青海云杉。欧洲云杉、黑云杉、白云杉各个种的不同种源间有很大的变异及选择潜力。因此在进行云杉引种时,应选择不同的种、种源,才能取得更好的效果。     

Evidence that the negative relationship between seed mass and relative growth rate is not physiological but linked to species identity: a within-family analysis of Scots pine

Seed mass and relative growth rate (RGR) are important determinants of early seedling growth, and hence seedling establishment. Although a positive interspecific relationship between seed mass and seedling dry mass is well established, much less is known about the relationships among seed mass, seedling mass and RGR within species. We examined relationships among seed mass, seedling mass and RGR within and among maternal plant lines of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). To assess the effects of seed mass and maternal origin on RGR, individual seeds from two seed crops (years 2004 and 2005) of ten maternal plants growing under nursery conditions were weighed and then germinated. Seed mass was strongly determined by maternal plant, and seedling mass was largely determined by seed mass, with a positive correlation between these variables both across and within maternal plants. In contrast, RGR was weakly related to seed mass, with no consistent pattern in the sign of the relationship. It is well known that species differ in RGR and that RGR is related to seed mass across species. Lack of consistent evidence for this relationship within maternal lines, and for Scots pine overall, suggests that the relationship is not directly causal, but reflects consistent evolutionary covariation in these two physiologically independent traits.     

Variation in seed traits and seedling vigour of Cordia africana Lam.provenances in Ethiopia

Cordia africana is a very important indigenous tree species for timber and other products and services in Ethiopia.Seed traits and seedling vigour of seeds from 12 provenances of the species were compared.Mean seed mass for each provenance was assessed for 1000 seeds in10 replications,and seed length and width were measured for 100 seeds in four replications per provenance.Germination was assessed in a glasshouse taking 400 seeds from each provenance.Root collar diameter and height of 440 seedlings grown in a nursery for 290 days in Addis Ababa were measured.Seed length,seed width,seed mass,and shoot height and root collar diameter of seedlings showed significant differences(P0.001) among provenances.Correlation analysis between seed and seedling traits and environmental variables revealed significant positive correlations between seed width and germination percentage,seed width and altitude,seed width and longitude and seed length and latitude.Negative correlations were obtained between seed width and temperature,seed width and rainfall,seed mass and temperature,and germination and temperature of the seed source.As expected,differences in seed trait did not explain the variability in seedling vigour.Determining quantitative variations in seed traits and seedling vigour among provenances and the patterns along environmental gradients are essential for informing decisions on the tree improvement programme of the species.     

Variation in seed and seedling traits among natural populations of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trigonobalanus doichangensis</Emphasis> (A. Camus) Forman (Fagaceae), a rare and endangered plant in southwest China

The extent of genetic variation in seed and seedling traits of Trigonobalanus doichangensis, a rare and endangered tree in southwest China, was evaluated at the population level. Seeds were collected from four natural populations in the south and southwest Yunnan province, China. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between populations were observed in seed length, seed weight and seedling morphological characters. The analyses revealed that none of the seed and seedling traits had significant correlations with the geo-climatic variables of the populations. Among seed and seedling traits, significant correlations (P < 0.05) were discovered among seed length, seed weight and height of 30-day-old seedlings. Significant correlation (r = 1.00, P < 0.01) occurred also between the height and root collar diameter of 4-year-old seedlings. With the exception of seed width and seed germination percentage, 51–96% of total variation in other seed and seedling related traits was attributed to population effect, as determined by the broad sense heritability. In conclusion, these observations on variation in seed and seedling traits should be a reference point, when considering seed collection of this species for ex situ conservation and species restoration.     

苦槠栲育苗初探

对苦槠栲的种子采集，处理，种子千粒得，优良度，育苗方法等进行了试验。     

Seed mass effects on performance of Pinus halepensis Mill. seedlings sown after fire

Pinus halepensis is a widely distributed species in the Mediterranean basin. It is generally well adapted to regenerate after wildfire, except when fire intervals are too short (≤15 years). In these latter situations, direct seeding could be a good alternative for restoring pine woodland after fire. Under dry climate, low seedling growth and survival can greatly limit the use of seeding. Early studies have shown that seedlings grown from large seeds have higher seedling establishment, growth and survival. Seed size grading may however reduce the genetic diversity of a seed lot by eliminating part or all of the families with relatively small seeds. An alternative to improve seed lot quality without losing genetic variability could be collecting and sieving seeds from each family separately. In order to explore the influence of seed mass on P. halepensis seedling performance, seeds from five half-sib families differing in mean seed mass were sown under greenhouse and field conditions. Final seedling emergence was unrelated to seed mass and half-sib family. The time of emergence was also unrelated to seed mass but it varied among families. Seed mass showed a positive effect on seedling height and diameter, both at population level and within family throughout the study period (9 months under greenhouse conditions and 20 months under field conditions). We also observed a negative relationship between seed mass and relative growth rate for seedling diameter, but it was not high enough to fully compensate the initial differences due to seed mass at the end of the 20-month study period. Seedling predation had a considerable impact on seedling survival, and it was not related to seed mass. When seedlings killed by predation were excluded from the survival analysis, larger seedlings, coming from larger seeds, showed slightly better survival, but only during the first growing period. The small advantages obtained from large seed mass in seedling development do not seem to justify the increased operational costs derived from seed mass selection for each family.