生物塑化技术在动物标本制作中的应用

<正>传统的制作动物标本方法一般有剥制、干制和浸制3种,存在一些较为显著的弊端,例如,剥制标本如蛇类标本不能保持蛇类自身色泽;干制标本如昆虫幼虫标本,保存时易霉变和虫蛀;浸制标本如鱼类标本,虽然保存时间长但易变色,加上由于甲醛等保存液的挥发,出现保存液减少影响保存效果,并会对环境造成严重污染。正是由于上述保存方法不够理想,研究人员一直在寻找另一种更为有效的标本保存方法,促进了生物塑化技术的诞生。该技术出现在20世纪     

蚕类标本的制作方法

一、制作蚕类标本的用具 1.标本瓶圆柱形玻璃瓶,磨砂、玻璃塞的瓶,其大小种类多,常用蚕体标准瓶规格4.5×14厘米,6×15厘米二种,一般前者装两条蚕,后者装家蚕的生活史标本及顺序发育标本,除蚕、卵、蛹放入该瓶外,家蚕蛾子展翅后也能放得下。     

介绍几种保存药用植物原色的配方

药用植物标本是科研、教学的资料之一。要经久保持标本的形状和颜色,制备适合的保存液甚为重要。现将多年来浸泡药用植物标本的保色液配方介绍如下。 (一)保存绿色标本溶液 40％乙醇500ml,甘油10ml,硫酸铜饱和液5ml,亚硫酸10ml。 硫酸铜饱和液(用馏水溶解)浸泡标本约6小时后取出,用水冲洗标本表面的硫酸     

浅谈动物病理组织大体标本的制作

动物病理大体标本.是农牧学校兽医、卫检、动检及牧医等专业的基础课--<动物病理>教学的重要材料.动物大体标本的制作从取材、处理、固定、保存到封瓶等过程都有较高的技术要求.     

“多功能树干滴注瓶”获得专利权

本刊讯（特约通讯员徐祖进）为保护天敌，提高用药功效，减少环境污染，近年来在利用果树树干注液防治病虫害、增加树体营养、调节树体生长方面的技术开发应用发展较快，经过了树干高压注液──树干挂瓶滴注──树干插瓶滴注三个阶段。福建省莆田县果树研究所科研人员经过２０年果树生产和科研实践，对果树病虫防治方法进行反复探索，设计出“多功能树干滴注瓶”，简化了树干滴注操作方法，不漏液，滴注快速，能多次使用等，２０００年３月１７日获得国家知识产权局授予的专利权。专利号为 ＺＬ９９３１２５２０．４。 该瓶为两颈口塑料瓶，…     

不同培养条件对林可链霉菌种子液代谢影响

以种子液pH值、菌浓、镜检菌丝、还原糖、氨基氮为检测指标,对种子瓶培养温度、摇床转速、培养时间进行考察,探索对种子液代谢的影响,并通过单因素实验和正交实验,确定林可霉素摇瓶种子液的最佳培养条件为：培养温度30℃,摇床转速220r/min,培养时间45h-48h。     

广州市奶牛业的回顾与展望

近十几年来,广州市奶牛业在改革开放方针指引下,有较大的发展。1978年与1990年比较:奶牛总头数从8460头,增加到12186头,增长44％;年产奶量从10114吨,增加到29197吨,增长188％;成年母牛年单产从2094公斤,增加到3875.8公斤,增长85％;鲜奶日供应量从6.44万瓶,增加到21万瓶(袋),增长226％。     

蜜蜂毒瓶的设计与制作

蜜蜂学研究,特别是蜜蜂标本的制作离不开毒瓶这种工具。传统毒瓶在制作和使用方面存在种种弊端,基于此,结合多年一线工作实际,设计并制作出一种制作简单、使用方便、安全高效的新型毒瓶。     

蜂产品制品在中药行业的应用

1984年经销各档蜂王浆制剂36种,销售8,217盒(瓶);1985年增至49种,销21,302盒(瓶)1986年增至55种,销79,115盒(瓶)。85年比84年上升159.24％;86年比85年上升271.4％;比84年猛增近10倍。     

猪口腔液检测应用的研究进展

近十几年来,国内外动物医学界对猪口腔液的研究报道日渐增多和深化,表明口腔液可作为血清样品的替代品、评估猪应激和整体健康状况的生物标记物和特定传染病的诊断样品,为猪口腔液在疫病诊断、检测和健康状态分析等方面的推广应用提供良好的前景。     

我国动物标本制作的沿革和发展现状

通过对动物标本和动物标本制作的定义,指出了两者的区别。阐述了动物标本制作的基本方法,追述了我国动物标本制作的发展史和我国动物标本的发展现状。指出了当下国内外动物标本制作的发展趋势和新技术在动物标本制作领域的应用情况,为国内动物标本制作领域的发展指明了方向。     

黄腹角雉剥制标本制作技术

动物标本是野生动物研究的基础材料,大部分国家公园和自然保护区都有自己的标本馆,收集和储存标本供参观和研究所用。标本的采集、记录、制作和保存是野生动物管理人员的一项基本技能,每位管理人员都应掌握。不管是皮张、头骨、角或牙齿都是很好的标本。对保护动物的采集,必须得到管理部门的许可。黄腹角雉标本的制作尤为重要,作为国家Ⅰ级保护动物,它更加具有科研和观赏价值。     

Canine prostatic fluid: techniques of collection, quantitative bacterial culture, and interpretation of results

Specimens of prostatic fluid were collected by ejaculation from 104 dogs after collection of a specimen of urethral contents and after collection of a urine specimen by antepubic cystocentesis. For purposes of data analysis, results of bacterial culture of the specimens were grouped according to individual colony counts in each specimen group (ie, urine, urethra, prostatic fluid). For purposes of this study, prostatic infection was defined as greater than or equal to 2 log10 of one or more bacterial species in prostatic fluid over the number of colonies of the same species in the paired urethral specimens.     

塑化标本在畜禽解剖学教学中的应用

生物塑化技术是目前国际上最先进的生物标本保存技术,其原理是利用液态高分子化合物或多聚物代替生物标本中的水分,并通过硬化处理达成组织塑化,制成的塑化标本具有无味、无毒、可用手直接触摸、无需防腐液保存、持久耐用等特点。黑龙江八一农垦大学动物科技学院购置了一批畜禽塑化标本并已在课堂教学中应用,使师生体验到塑化标本所具有的浸泡标本和模型所无法替代的优点。塑化标本能够清晰呈现一些细微的解剖结构特征,在教学过程中无论是教师使用塑化标本示教还是学生自己辨认,均不会因标本具有刺激性和毒性而影响观察。使用塑化标本示教更直观,使学生更易接受,从而提高了教学质量。     

甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区粉蝶多样性研究

在甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区,选取5个林场:(a)官滩沟林场,(b)麻家寺林场,(c)兴隆山林场,(d)马坡林场,(e)上庄林场做为样地,共采集粉蝶标本306号,对粉蝶科(Pieridae)昆虫进行了多样性研究。结果表明,所采粉蝶隶属于3亚科6属12种。其中豆粉蝶属(Colias)4种133只,云粉蝶属(Pontia)1种28只,粉蝶属(Pieris)3种66只,绢粉蝶属(Aporia)1种4只,钩粉蝶属(Gonepteryx)2种74只,小粉蝶属(Leptidea)1种1只。即豆粉蝶属的种类和数量均为最多、粉蝶属次之。小粉蝶属和绢粉蝶属均只有1种,是该保护区的稀有属种。首次计算并分析了保护区5个林场中粉蝶科昆虫的多样性指数、物种丰富度、优势度指数、均匀度指数。不同林场之间各指数存在明显差异,说明生境的变化对粉蝶科昆虫乃至蝴蝶的多样性产生了明显的影响。     

捻转血矛线虫虫卵的大量分离纯化

笔者采用虫体取卵和孵化后感染性幼虫直接在培养瓶瓶盖内收集的方法,获得了大量纯净单一的感染性幼虫,并且感染绵羊成功。再对感染绵羊直肠采粪收集虫卵,就可收集到大量纯种单一虫卵,进行三期幼虫的大量孵化。该试验解决了在寄生性线虫分子生物学研究中需要大量单一虫种的纯化分离问题。     

Distribution of Brucella abortus in infected cattle

Experimentally and naturally infected cattle were examined bacteriologically to determine the anatomical distribution of specimens yielding Brucella abortus. In 91 experimentally infected pregnant cows, examined 3 to 4.5 months after conjunctival challenge during pregnancy, the most frequently infected specimen was the mammary (syn. supramammary) lymph node. All experimentally infected cows could be identified from cultures of the mammary, mandibular (syn. submaxillary), medial iliac, caudal superficial cervical (syn. prescapular) lymph nodes and uterine caruncles, cotyledons or foetal tissues. Forty-six naturally infected cows were examined and again the most frequently infected specimen was the mammary lymph node. All naturally infected cows could be identified from cultures of the mammary, parotid, mandibular and subiliac (syn. prefemoral) lymph nodes. The distribution of infected specimens was somewhat different in heifers. In 61 naturally infected heifers the most frequently infected specimen was the mandibular lymph node but 8 other specimens would have been required to enable identification of all infected heifers. Specimens from 3 infected bulls were cultured and 11 of the 12 specimens examined were infected in at least one of the bulls. The most frequently infected tissues were the mandibular, caudal superficial cervical, subiliac and scrotal lymph nodes. The results suggest which specimens should be selected for culture, particularly when only a limited amount of effort can be expended.     

加强兽医寄生虫学标本室建设 提升寄生虫形态学教学水平

为了提升寄生虫形态学教学水平,充分利用内蒙古农业大学预防兽医学寄生虫教研室积累的大量寄生虫标本进行授课,通过加强兽医寄生虫标本室建设和兽医寄生虫学实验教学改革探索,提升标本管理水平及寄生虫标本服务教学的水平,以期为该课程的教学改革提供思路。     

Comparison of renal biopsy techniques in dogs

To evaluate adequacy of biopsy specimens obtained and safety to the patient, the standard keyhole biopsy technique (using digital immobilization of the right kidney and placement of the biopsy needle up to the capsule before obtaining a tissue sample) was compared with 9 technical modifications. Adequacy was judged by the number of intact glomeruli observed in the specimen. Detection of transected blood vessels and renal pelvis was presumed to have predictive value for postbiopsy complications of hemorrhage and hydronephrosis. Needle biopsy specimens were also obtained from left and right kidneys by use of laparoscopic visualization and were compared with those obtained by use of the standard keyhole technique. Although the standard keyhole technique yielded the highest percentage of adequate biopsy specimens, there was no statistical difference between specimens obtained by this technique and those obtained by the modified technique or by laparoscope-guided biopsy. Also, significant difference in percentage of biopsy specimens with renal pelvis was not found between specimens obtained by the standard and modified techniques. For each technique, the biopsy core length was measured and the mean value was calculated. In this study, core length did not correlate with adequacy of the biopsy specimen.     

Effects of delayed or prolonged fixation on immunohistochemical detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus type I in skin of two persistently infected calves.

The effects of delayed or prolonged fixation on immunohistochemical detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) antigen were evaluated in skin. Ear-notch specimens from 2 calves persistently infected with BVDV type 1 were handled in 1 of 3 ways: 1) fixed in formalin promptly and processed for immunohistochemistry (IHC) after 3-176 days; 2) held at 3-4degreesC in plastic bags up to 10 days, then fixed in formalin for 2-5 days before processing; or 3) exposed to room air and temperature for 1-5 days before formalin fixation. Immunohistochemical staining intensity was evaluated without the knowledge of specimen handling. Staining of specimens that had been promptly fixed in formalin was moderate to strong at all fixation periods through 36 days, weak or no staining was evident in specimens fixed for 176 days. Refrigerated specimens typically had moderate to strong immunohistochemical staining. Even after 10 days of refrigeration before fixation, all immunohistochemical reactions were positive. However, no immunohistochemical staining was detected in any specimen that was exposed to room air. Results indicate that prompt formalin fixation is optimal for BVDV IHC. Samples can be held in formalin at least 36 days, without loss of reactivity. A 1-day delay in fixation caused no loss of reactivity, provided the specimen was refrigerated and protected from desiccation.