草地区划理论与科尔沁草地区划

草地区域是一个区域性草地生态经济系统,草地区划实际上是草地自然环境条件,草地资源与草地畜牧业生产区划的结合,即草地区域规则,科尔沁草地区划以气候类型,草地类型和家畜类型为依据和指标,划分四个区,草地区各划各级单位体现了气候－草地－家畜为基本特征的分区系统。     

巴基斯坦的草地现状和草地开发

通过对巴基斯坦的高山草地，亚高昌地，温带草地，山前丘陵草地和干旱草地５种类型草地的利用现状调查的分析。认为引起草地严重退化的主要原因是草地载畜量过大和不合理的利用。通过设立专门的草地管理机构，制定科学的草地管理政策，加强草地管理，采取诸如不同类型草地引入适合的优良牧草品种等，改良草地，增加良种畜的饲养量，以及大幅度减少生产性能差的畜群，对草地进行科学合理的利用，加强对牧民的培训及其它相应的措施，使     

草地区划理论与科尔沁草地区划

草地区域是一个区域性草地生态经济系统,草地区划实际上是草地自然环境条件、草地资源与草地畜牧业生产区划的结合,即草地区域规划。科尔沁草地区划以气候类型、草地类型和家畜类型为依据和指标,划分四个区,草地区划各级单位体现了气候—草地—家畜为基本特征的分区系统。     

巴基斯坦的草地现状和草地开发

通过对巴基斯坦的高山草地、亚高山草地、温带草地、山前丘陵草地和干旱草地5种类型草地的利用现状调查和分析,认为引起草地严重退化的主要原因是草地载畜量过大和不合理的利用。通过设立专门的草地管理机构,制定科学的草地管理政策,加强草地管理,采取诸如不同类型草地引入适合的优良牧草品种等,改良草地、增加良种畜的饲养量,以及大幅度减少生产性能差的畜群,对草地进行科学合理的利用,加强对牧民的培训及其它相应的措施,使草地得到恢复。     

浅议达日县草地资源与草地改良

达日县的天然草地由于粗放经营管理,达度放牧,鼠虫危害和人类活动的加剧以及严酷自然条件的影响,生态环境恶化,草地退化已十分严重,“黑土型”退化草地的面积１９８６年为１６．７７万ｈｍ＾２,１９９４年增到１７．９６万ｈｍ＾２,平均每年以０．３１万ｈｍ＾２的速度递增,已严重制约畜牧业的发展。为改善草地植物生长条件,提高草地生产力和促进草地生态系统良性循环,提出了对退化草地的几项改良措施。     

锡林郭勒草地农业区划

锡林郭勒草地辽阔，水草丰美，拥有草地1951.96万公顷，耕地22.27万公顷，林地23.45万公顷，为了综合协调地开发草地资源，种养结合，形成良好的草地农业生态环境，首先必须进行草地农业区划，避免其生产的盲目性，保障草地畜牧业持续发展。因此，在调查的基础上，将锡林郭勒草地划分为五个草地农业区，分别阐述了各区资源特点，生产现状以及发展方向和途径等，以期生产实践借鉴。     

乌兰察布盟草地农业区划

乌兰察布盟拥有草地280.50万hm^2耕地92.33万hm^2、林地18.49万hm^2。为综合协调地开发利用草地资源,种植与养殖互“哺”,形成良好的草地农业生态环境,必须首先进行草地农业区划,以避生产的盲目性,保障草农牧林业 持续、快速、健康发展,为此,在资源调查的基础上,将乌兰察布盟划分为两个草地农业区,并阐述了它们的资源特点、生产现状、发展方向以及措施一途径等,以期生产实践借鉴与实施。     

不同草地恢复方式对新麦草草地土壤和植被的影响

通过草地补播、草地施肥、草地重耙以及草地施肥结合地重耙等不同的草地恢复方式，对退化新草草地土壤和植被影响进行研究，探讨华北农牧交错带地区人工草地恢复的最佳方式。试验结果表明：不同的草地恢复方式对草地的恢复效果不同，补播适合于重度退化的新麦草草地，施氮肥、重耙和施氮＋重耙适合轻度退化的草地。     

开发我国草地和草地畜牧业

草地是我国土地资源的重要组成部分，是重要的生态保护屏障和人类的重要食品来源。本文从保护生态环境，增加动物食品，引导资金合理投入，引导劳动力合理流动等方面，论述了开发草地的意义，从有充实的食品基础，有雄厚的资金基础，有先进的技术基础，有强大的劳动力资源基础，有精良的设备基础等方面，论述了开发草地的可行性，从封地育草，国家建设边远草地，按载畜量计划养畜，实行轮牧等方面，论述了如何开发草地，从进行全方位饲草料加工，合理布局畜禽种类，饲养优良畜禽品种，实行舍饲，补饲精料，科学饲养管理等方面，论述了如何开发草地畜牧业。     

草地2000年：第18届国际草地会议综述

“草地２０００年”第１８届国际草地会议的主题，它表明这次会议具有重要的历史意义。来自世界９４个不同国家的１１８９位代表提供论文１２００余篇，涉及草地各个方面。会议按论文性质和内容分为３个类和３０个专题，主要内容包括植物资源，植物改良，牧草与农作系统，牧草与食草动物，补充牧地草畜季节平衡，放牧生态与放牧管理，草地生物多样性，草地与环境，草地复合农林业，草地与人类可持发展等。     

Monitoring of the mare during the perinatal period at the clinic and in the stable

Complications in late gestation are challenging problems for the equine clinician and are causes of considerable distress to owners. Health problems in a pregnant mare in each stage of gestation can adversely affect the pregnancy. It is important to obtain a thorough history and perform a detailed and systematic examination of the pregnant mare so that the mare may be classified as normal or high-risk. However, even after a thorough examination, practitioners may face problems with the interpretation and assessment of risk. Normal mares should foal in the stable or pasture. Mares classified as having a high-risk pregnancy need to be monitored precisely for signs of oncoming foaling with attendance of trained personnel when labour begins. A valuable method for monitoring of the high-risk mare is assessing fetoplacental well-being. Fetoplacental well-being is most accurately assessed with ultrasonography as well as several available hormone profiles. We are proposing our scoring system of the mare's health, which may be useful in the assessment of risk during pregnancy and help clinicians to decide whether sending the mare to the clinic is reasonable or unnecessary.     

The influence of the width of the saddle tree on the forces and the pressure distribution under the saddle

As there is no statistical evidence that saddle fit influences the load exerted on a horse's back, this study was performed to assess the hypothesis that the width of the tree significantly alters the pressure distribution on the back beneath the saddle. Nineteen sound horses were ridden at walk and trot on a treadmill with three saddles differing only in tree width. Kinetic data were recorded by a sensor mat. A minimum of 14 motion cycles were used in each trial. The saddles were classified into four groups depending on fit. For each horse, the saddle with the lowest overall force (LOF) was determined. Saddles were classified as "too-narrow" if they were one size (2 cm) narrower than the LOF saddle, and "too-wide" if they were one size (2 cm) wider than the LOF saddle. Saddles two sizes wider than LOF saddles were classified as "very-wide". In the group of narrow saddles, the pressure in the caudal third (walk 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.10; trot 1.08 N/cm(2)+/-0.26) was significantly higher compared to the LOF saddles (walk 0.50 N/cm(2)+/-0.09; trot 0.86 N/cm(2)+/-0.28). In the middle transversal third, the pressure of the wide saddles (walk 0.73 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.52 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) and very-wide saddles (walk 0.77 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.57 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) was significantly higher compared to LOF saddles (walk 0.65 N/cm(2)+/-0.10/ 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.11; trot 1.33 N/cm(2)+/-0.22/1.27 N/cm(2)+/-0.20). This study demonstrates that the load under poorly fitting saddles is distributed over a smaller area than under properly fitting saddles, leading to potentially harmful pressures peaks.     

Harnessing the genetic toolbox for the benefit of the racing Thoroughbred

The understanding and application of genetics have grown extremely quickly since it has become possible to sequence the whole genome of an organism. The human genome sequence was completed in 2001 and that of the horse in 2007. The significance of this is that it makes it more feasible to explain how both genetically simple and complex traits are transmitted from one generation to the next and, therefore, to make informed breeding decisions, modify how horses are managed and trained to minimise the risk of disease and injury, and improve methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of many conditions. The science of genetics/genomics will continue to grow internationally, limited only by the funds available. The application of the science to man, horses and other species raises very complex moral and commercial issues. Thoroughbred breeders are perceived by some as resistant to change, but their apparent intransigence is often based on a genuine concern for the integrity of the breed. By taking control of the application of the advances in genetics, the Thoroughbred industry potentially has the opportunity to improve both the health and performance of Thoroughbreds. If, however, the science is applied in an uncoordinated manner, driven by commercial interests with no underlying concern for the horses themselves, there is a very real risk that breeders, the Thoroughbred breed and individual horses will all suffer as a consequence.     

陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场绒山羊日粮的评价

试验选择陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的成年健康母羊（怀孕前期）16只,育成母羊13只,育成公羊13只,空腹称重。测定每只羊1d的采食量,计算其摄入的营养成分含量,并与原苏联绒用山羊饲养标准比较,进行饲养水平评价。结果显示,与饲养标准比较,陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的育成母羊代谢能高2．68MJ,粗蛋白低59．29g,钙低3．00g,磷低1．52g;育成公羊代谢能高3．47MJ,粗蛋白低81．92g,钙低4．42g,磷低2．62g;成年母羊代谢能高2．51MJ,粗蛋白低91．33g,钙低3．09g,磷低1．93g。结合羊的体况综合评价饲养水平基本合理,但尚需要按饲养标准增加粗蛋白、钙、磷等营养物质的供给量。     

古浪县北部荒漠草场改良过程中植被变化动态的研究

结合古浪县北部荒漠草场生态治理工程,在自由放牧、围栏封育和人工补播条件下,对退化草场的植物种类、植被盖度、生产力水平等进行了初步的调查研究。结果表明：1）随自由放牧时间的延长,草场植被盖度、生产力逐渐下降,植物种类逐渐减少;2）随围栏封育时间的延长,放牧压力减轻,草场植被盖度、生产力逐渐提高,物种丰富度增加;3）人工补播种草加快了草场的恢复演替速度。围栏封育和人工补播使草场植物群落优势种得到加强,沙蒿Artemisia desertorum,沙米Agriophyllum squarrosura,短花针茅Stipa breviflora大量生长,草场植被盖度和生产力大幅度提高,是恢复和改良退化草场的一条行之有效的途径。     

犊牛腹泻与肠道菌群的变化

本文检测腹泻犊牛的直肠内8种主要正常菌群的变化,并与健康犊牛进行对比。结果发现,犊牛腹泻时,大肠杆菌、双岐杆菌和乳杆菌变化较大,而其它菌群变化较小。腹泻或将腹泻时,大肠杆菌数增加,双岐杆菌和乳杆菌数下降。腹泻康复或即将康复时,大肠杆菌减少,双岐杆菌、乳杆菌数增加。     

鸡视顶盖后背侧部的纤维联系——HRP法研究

选用健康成年来航鸡9只,以20～30％HRP溶液作标记物,观察了视顶盖后背侧部的神经纤维联系。结果:在光镜下明视野视察,标记细胞出现在古纹状体后腹部、外侧螺旋核、视上交叉腹侧核、顶盖前核、峡核大细胞部和深中脑外侧核,在内侧螺旋核和视顶盖中央灰层偶见标记细胞;在腹外侧膝状体核、圆核、顶盖前顶盖下间置核、背外侧膝状体核、前顶盖下核、丘脑背外侧核、视顶盖室周纤维层以及中脑和延髓的网状结构等部位观察到标记终枝;同时观察到顶盖丘脑束中有标记纤维的横断像以及视上腹侧交叉和顶盖连合中有标记纤维。结果表明,视顶盖的纤维比较广泛,与端脑、间脑、中脑以及延髓都有联系,视上腹交叉是两眼间视觉信息交流的形态学基础。     

蜂胶防治大田烟草病害效果试验

用蜂胶乙醇提取液对大田栽培的烟株进行病害防治的试验 ,结果表明 4种不同浓度的蜂胶对烟草病害均有防治作用 ,以原液稀释 50 0倍、 80 0倍防治效果最好。     

The pathology of brucellosis reflects the outcome of the battle between the host genome and the Brucella genome

The successful co-existence of each Brucella spp. with its preferred host is the outcome of ancient co-evolutionary relationships and selection pressures that often result in a stalemate where the pathogen has evolved to survive within the biological systems of the host, and the host has evolved innate and acquired immune systems which allow controlled survival of infection by the pathogen, ultimately supporting the survival of the host-pathogen system. In general, Brucella spp. have evolved a similar fundamental pathogenesis of facultative intracellular parasitism though the predominant route of natural exposure varies from oropharynx to genital tract, as does the preferred tissue and cellular tropism, e.g. non-professional placental trophoblasts, fetal lung, professional macrophages of reticulendothelial system, and the male and female reproductive tracts. The morphogenesis of the pyogranulomatous lesions stimulated by Brucella reflects the nature of the persistent parasitism, i.e. genome versus genome. The question is, how can this perplexing array of survival mechanisms be unraveled? Fortunately, the integration of real-time image analysis, cell biology, genome-wide analysis, proteomics and bioinformatics holds the most promise ever for the global analysis of the Brucella infectious process and the host:pathogen interface leading to a clearer understanding of the interactions of these biological systems. These discoveries will be expected to provide a frameshift in rationales for interrupting and/or controlling brucellosis at host and/or pathogen levels.