茶叶品质评定的人工神经网络方法

本文取商业部颁发的4套炒青绿茶标准样为材料,运用10个较理想的茶叶色泽与滋味品质的理化指标,用人工神经网络方法,建立了品质级别判别的计算机智能专家系统,并获得了令人满意的评判结果。该方法性能良好,具有较好的容错、抗干扰能力和评判速度快等特点,从而为茶叶品质微机评判系统的研究奠定了良好的基础。     

High Sensitive CNT Imbedded Knit Fabrics for Heat Comfort

The functional improvement and high sensitivity of textiles should be combined with advanced technology and aesthetic of environmental sustainability to cope with the ever-changing environment. In this study, the physical properties of a shaggy double knit of carbon nanotube (CNT) and ceramic composite thermal yarn (TYn) with napping and shaggy finished textiles were investigated to achieve high sensitivity and comfortable heat retention. The surface properties of the shaggy double knit were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the mechanical properties by the Kawabata Evaluation System (KES) and the elements of the CNT composite yarn by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Experiments on the heat retention of the shaggy double knit were conducted to determine the warmth retention, thermal resistance by Clo value, and surface temperature compared with those of regular polyester (PET) and PET/TYn/polyurethane (PU). Comfort properties determined by measuring the water vapor permeability (WVP) and air permeability demonstrated that the double knit can be used to produce comfortable garments. Durability was confirmed by measuring the warmth retention, Qmax, and the washing fastness was analyzed by the satisfactory maintenance of the physical appearance. The farinfrared (FIR) emissivity properties of PET/TYn/PU contributed to its enhanced performance, but it is necessary to ensure that the effect is stable. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that shaggy double knit with insulation composite yarn can be used in high sensitivity fashion clothing due to its improved and comfortable heat retention properties, and further advanced research is expected to be performed in this field.     

Gelation Modification of Alginate Nonwoven Fabrics

Calcium alginate nonwoven fabrics were gelation-modified by two-stage with aqueous HCl solution and then ethanolic NaOH solution. The structure and crystallinity properties of the samples were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, and XRD. The preparation conditions and modification mechanism were investigated. The results indicated that the crystal structure of calcium alginate fibers was destroyed; the crystallinity and calcium ion content decreased after HCl treatment. This resulted from the formation of ester bonds among the hydrolytic molecules after NaOH treatment. The best gel performance was obtained at the HCl concentration of 0.05-0.1 wt% with the NaOH concentration in ethanol of 2–4 mol/l. The liquid absorption of nonwoven alginate fabrics increased by 145 %. The water capability increased by 2673 % after modification, while the thickness, mass per unit area, permeability, and tensile strength of nonwoven alginate fabrics changed little.     

Electrochemical Pigment Coloring of Wool Fabrics

Green processing technology has been examined extensively in the area of textile coloring, because it is usually highly efficient, environmentally friendly, and energy conserving. Herein, a novel pigment coloring technology by electrochemical modification of wool fabric surfaces is reported. This technology exhibits superior color properties with higher efficiency and lower energy and chemical consumption than the conventional cationic pretreatment coloring method. The pigment-colored wool fabric was characterized to investigate its surface morphology and roughness, K/S value, and rubbing fastness (dry and wet) under a variety of experimental conditions. The mechanism of electrochemical pigment coloring technology has been revealed, and the color properties of the fabrics have been fully investigated. Optimized technological parameters, including voltage, coloring time, and electrolyte concentration, have been determined for further application of this promising technology. Electrochemical pigment coloring has great potential for commercialization as it results in superior color performance with less pollution, higher efficiency, and lower input consumption compared with other methods.     

A Green Approach for the Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Cuminum cyminum L. Seed and Its Application for Pain Management in Rats

Background:This study investigated the antinociceptive effect of cumin and its biosynthesized AuNPs. Methods:Cumin extract (E) and cumin-AuNPs (GN) were prepared and administered intraperitoneally at the concentrations of 200, 500, and 1000 mg/ml to 27 male rats. UV–Vis spectroscopy and AFM were applied for AuNPs synthesis confirmation. The nociceptive behavior was assessed, and IL-6 serum levels were measured. Results:Cumin-AuNPs showed a peak absorption of 515 nm, and a size of about 40 nm. Three different concentrations of extract had no significant effect on acute and chronic nociceptive behavior. GN + E200 (46.00 ± 10.59) showed a significant acute anti-nociceptive effect compared to the control (98.66 ± 4.91; p = 0.029) and SS300 (98.33 ± 20.30; p = 0.029) groups. Also, GN + E500 (42.00 ± 11.84) significantly reduced acute nociceptive behavior compared to the control (98.66 ± 4.91; p = 0.019), SS300 (98.33 ± 20.30; p = 0.020), and GN + E1000 (91.00 ± 26.00; p = 0.040) groups. IL-6 serum levels reduced significantly in GN + E500 (24.65 ± 10.38; p = 0.002) and SS300 (33.08 ± 1.68; p = 0.039) compared to the controls (46.24 ± 3.02). Chronic nociceptive behavior was significantly lower in the SS300 (255.33 ± 26.30) compared to E200 (477.00 ± 47.29; p = 0.021), E500 (496.25 ± 46.29; p = 0.013), and GN + E500 (437.00 ± 118.03; p = 0.032) groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest the potential effects of cumin-AuNPs on formalin-induced nociceptive behavior, which is independent of IL-6serum levels.Key Words: Interleukin-6, Pain, Cuminum cyminum L., Gold Nanoparticles, Green Synthesis     

农用无纺布在水稻苗床上应用效果试验总结

引进新型水稻育苗覆盖材料"农用无纺布"在水稻苗床上应用,验证其保湿保全苗的应用效果,结果表明:水稻苗床使用无纺布覆盖后可以提高水稻出苗率,出苗整齐,提高秧苗综合素质,减少苗床浇水次数,同时可预防和减轻水稻苗床冻害的发生.     

大麻织物的抗紫外线性能评价

测试了不同厚度、不同覆盖系数、不同组织结构和颜色的大麻织物紫外线透过率和抗紫外指数(UPF值),分析了厚度、覆盖系数、组织结构和颜色对大麻织物的抗紫外线性能的影响,指出大麻织物越厚,其紫外线透过率越小,UPF值愈大;覆盖系数增加,紫外线透过率减小,UPF值随之增大;在厚度和覆盖系数相同时,缎纹组织大麻织物的抗紫外线性能最好,斜纹组织大麻织物次之,平纹组织大麻织物再次之.深色大麻织物的抗紫外线性能好,浅色的较差.随着大麻织物颜色饱和度增加,其紫外线透过率相应减小,UPF值相应增加,抗紫外线性能越好.     

优质绿茶生产的理论与实践Ⅱ优质绿茶品种

通过对优质绿茶品质特征及适制品种演化分析,表明品种是决定优质绿茶香气和滋味等内质因子的基础。对适制优质绿茶品种形态学、生理、生化特性的分析,得出适制优质绿茶品种的共性,提出了优质绿茶选育品种的方向。     

大麻织物的抗紫外线性能评价

测试了不同厚度、不同覆盖系数、不同组织结构和颜色的大麻织物紫外线透过率和抗紫外指数（UPF值），分析了厚度、覆盖系数、组织结构和颜色对大麻织物的抗紫外线性能的影响，指出大麻织物越厚，其紫外线透过率越小，UPF值愈大；覆盖系数增加，紫外线透过率减小，UPF值随之增大；在厚度和覆盖系数相同时，缎纹组织大麻织物的抗紫外线性能最好，斜纹组织大麻织物次之，平纹组织大麻织物再次之。深色大麻织物的抗紫外线性能好，浅色的较差。随着大麻织物颜色饱和度增加，其紫外线透过率相应减小，UPF值相应增加，抗紫外线性能越好。     

Mechanism and Analysis of Laccase-mediated Coloration of Silk Fabrics

Laccase provides a mild and eco-friendly alternative for the dyeing of fabrics. In this study, laccase-mediated catalytic oxidation was employed in coloration of silk fabrics, and the color was then assessed. The surfaces of silk fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Their thermal and crystallization properties were also investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), and Xray diffraction (XRD). The textile softness was evaluated by the bending rigidity (B). In addition, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy were employed to analyze hydrolysate of silk fabrics obtained from hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid solution. The results demonstrated that a stable reddish-yellow layer was formed on the surface of silk fabrics by the laccase-mediated coupling of phenol hydroxyl side chains in the silk polypeptide. Moreover, the SEM and AFM observations showed that the surface of colored silk fiber was slick. ATR-FTIR and XPS results demonstrated differences in the C, N, O contents and the functional groups of the uncolored and colored silk fabrics. The DSC, TG, and XRD indicated that the thermal properties of silk fabrics were not affected by laccase and the coupling reaction mainly occurred in the amorphous region. The DMF extraction test further illustrated that covalent bonds were formed between tyrosine residues constituent of silk peptides. Finally, HPLC and UV-VIS results showed that new substances were formed as a result of conjugation between benzene rings.     

Comparative Performance of Copper and Silver Coated Stretchable Fabrics

The present work described the development of multifunctional, electrically conductive and durable fabrics by coating of silver and copper particles using a dipping-drying method. The particles were directly grown on fabric structure to form electrically conductive fibers. Particles were found to fill the spaces between the microfibers, and were stacked together to form networks with high electrical conductivity. The electrically conductive fabrics showed low resistance with high stretch ability. The utility of conductive fabrics was analyzed for electromagnetic shielding ability over frequency range of 30 MHz to 1.5 GHz. The EMI shielding was found to increase with increase in concentration of copper and silver particles. Furthermore, the heating performance of the copper and silver coated fabric was studied through measuring the change in temperature at the surface of the fabric while applying a voltage difference across the fabric. The maximum temperature (119°C for silver and 112°C for copper) were obtained when the applied voltage was 10 V. Moreover, the role of deposited particles on antibacterial properties was examined against pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. At the end, the durability of coated fabrics was examined against several washing cycles. The fabrics showed good retention of the particles, proved by small loss in the conductivity of the material after washing.     

Functional Antibacterial Finishing of Woolen Fabrics Using Ultrasound Technology

The growing concern for the personal health and hygiene has created the necessity of acquiring wool fabric antibacterial activity. Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO₂ NPs) have appropriate features to enhance the functional properties of wool fabrics, especially with polymer application. In this study efficient coating using polyethylene glycol (PEG₂₀₀₀) and SiO₂ NPs were used for imparting antibacterial properties to treated fabrics. All the treatments were carried out using both conventional and ultrasound techniques. The physical and chemical properties were evaluated using FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The result indicated that treated wool fabrics by PEG/SiO₂ NPs improved the dyeability and antibacterial of the fabrics and also enhanced its mechanical properties. Furthermore, it is believed that the ultrasound radiation causes homogeneous distribution of cross-links and polymerization throughout the wool surface. This offers considerable advantages compared to conventional treatment.     

茶园绿肥新品种“绿肥1号”选育

通过单株选育方法选育出茶园绿肥新品种“绿肥1号”,对其植物学特征、产量及养分含量、最佳播种期、其他特性进行调查和研究,结果表明“绿肥1号”产青量、养分含量均明显高于对照,其最佳播种期在4月上中旬,绿肥1号还具有抗逆性强、植株再生能力强、可进行多次割青等特点。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Waterborne Polyurethane Modified by Acrylate/nano-ZnO for Dyeing of Cotton Fabrics

Waterborne polyurethane modified by acrylate/nano-ZnO (PUA/ZnO) was synthesized and used to improve the wet rubbing fastness of reactive dyed cotton fabric. The reaction conditions were optimized and the products were characterized by FT-IR, TG, DSC, SEM, and particle size distribution. The dyed cotton fabrics were finished with PUA/ZnO emulsion and the rubbing fastness, ultraviolet resistant property, and wearability of treated fabrics were measured. The wet rubbing fastness of treated fabrics was increased by about 0.5–1 rate to achieve 3–4 rate, and the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) achieved 50+ level. The whiteness, air permeability, and elongation at break of treated fabric were not decreased significantly. SEM showed that the smooth and reticular coating on the surface of treated fabric reduced the mechanical friction force between dyed fabric and rubbing cloth, and thus improved the rubbing fastness. The decomposition temperature of finished fabric was increased by 50–80 °C.     

茶叶中铅铬绿的检测方法研究

阐述茶叶中铅和铬含量的背景,研究了添加铅铬绿对茶叶中铅和铬含量、茶叶感官的影响,以及添加铅铬绿与否,茶叶的冷水洗脱情况,借此探讨茶叶中铅铬绿的检测方法。     

新型鲜叶摊青机在绿茶加工中的应用研究?

本文探讨了一种新型鲜叶摊青机在绿茶生产上的应用效果。试验表明：采用摊青机摊放,鲜叶原料摊青保鲜时间可延长至12 h,甚至更长;鲜叶的失水条件和绿茶加工品质均优于传统自然摊放。此外,使用该设备与传统摊青方式相比,具有节省空间、摊青环境可控、自动上下鲜叶、便于连线等优点。     

Property Comparison of Woollen Fabrics with Fusible and Printable Interlinings

Suits produced now are high class with good quality due to advanced manufacturing techniques. Woollen fabrics and interlinings are the major materials for suit manufacture. Using woollen fabric and interlining to produce quality fabric has become an important production process. However traditional fusible interlinings are costly and involve a tedious production process, and they have some drawbacks such as strike through and bubbles. In this study, a printable interlining is proposed which can be used in place of fusible interlining. Screen-printing technique directly prints on the shell fabric and it is named printable interlining which enhances quality and reduces operational cost for garment manufacturers. Fabric quality is generally perceived through fabric hand value. Based on a series of laboratory experiments carried out to investigate total hand value and low-stress mechanical properties, this paper compares the impact of fusible interlining and printable interlining on woollen fabric using the Kawabata Evaluation System. Total hand value and five low-stress mechanical properties, tensile, bending, shearing, surface and compression were obtained. The results prove that printable interlinings can replace fusible interlinings on woollen fabrics and improve the fabric total hand value and bending, shearing and tensile properties. Printable interlining can be widely used in mass suit production with simple control process and it is cost-efficient.     

天丝苎麻织物风格与服用性能研究

利用KES型织物手感仪、YG541B型织物折痕回复性测试仪、YG811型织物悬垂仪、Y561型织物透气仪测试天丝苎麻织物的手感风格和服用性能，并与典型的天丝织物、苎麻织物、涤麻织物和棉织物进行了风格对比，为天丝苎麻类产品的开发提供科学依据。     

天丝苎麻织物风格与服用性能研究

利用KES型织物手感仪、YG541B型织物折痕回复性测试仪、YG811型织物悬垂仪、Y561型织物透气仪测试天丝苎麻织物的手感风格和服用性能,并与典型的天丝织物、苎麻织物、涤麻织物和棉织物进行了风格对比,为天丝苎麻类产品的开发提供科学依据.