Evaluating the Mechanical Behavior of Basalt Fibers/Epoxy Composites Containing Surface-modified CaCO<Subscript>3</Subscript> Nanoparticles

Polymer matrix composites (PMCs) owing to their outstanding properties such as high strength, low weight, high thermal stability and chemical resistance are broadly utilized in various industries. In the present work, the influence of silanized CaCO₃ (S-CaCO₃) with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-APTMS) coupling agent at different values (0, 1, 3 and 5 wt.% with respect to the matrix) on the mechanical behavior of basalt fibers (BF)/epoxy composites was examined. BF-reinforced composites were fabricated via hand lay-up technique. Experimental results from three-point bending and tensile tests showed that with the dispersion of 3 wt.% S-CaCO₃, flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength and tensile modulus enhanced by 28 %, 35 %, 20 % and 30 %, respectively. Microscopic examinations revealed that the development of the mechanical properties of fibrous composites with the incorporation of modified CaCO₃ was related to enhancement in the load transfer between the nanocomposite matrix and BF as well as enhanced mechanical properties of the matrix part.     

Surface Modification of Basalt Fibers by Nanostructured Silica Aerogel

Basalt fibers were surface modified by a new method using nanostructured porous silica aerogel via sol-gel process followed by ambient pressure drying method. FTIR, FE-SEM, and nitrogen adsorption analysis were used for characterization of silica aerogel particles which proved their mesoporous structure with pore size of 7 nm, high porosity and low density. FTIR spectra indicated the formation of silica aerogel on the basalt fibers surface. SEM analysis proved the surface modification of basalt fibers and quantitative measurement showed an increase of 2-fold in the surface roughness compared to unmodified surface fibers. A decrease of 42 % in the density of the surface modified basalt fibers was observed. Also, acoustical properties measurement showed that sound absorption coefficient was increased by 25 %. The obtained results show that silica aerogel structure can affect the physical properties of surface modified basalt fibers. Two silica aerogels with different density and porosity were used in this work.     

Adsorption of Graphene Oxide onto Synthetic Fibers: Experimental Conditions

Comparative studies on the adsorption capacity of two synthetic fibers, polyamide (PA 66) and polyester (PET) pre-treated with N-cetylpyridinium chloride (PET-NCPCl), towards graphene oxide (GO) have been carried out. The fiber samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The results of adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and zeta potential determinations as a function of the GO concentration, pH, and temperature show that at a low pH of 2.5 and a high temperature of 323 K, almost 99 % of the 75 mg/l GO solution is adsorbed onto PA 66 and 70 % onto the PET-NCPCl fibers. The interaction should be first attributed to electrostatic forces, also the adsorption data exhibited a good fit to the Freundlich isotherm model and the free energy value of 10 kJ/mol was in the range of physical adsorption, which could suggest that the interaction is driven mainly by physical forces. Due to the increasing development of wastewater treatments based on the GO reactivity with metals and cationic contaminants, synthetic fibers coated with GO could be considered an adsorbent for environmental applications.     

Thermal Characterization of Alkali Treated Kenaf Fibers and Kenaf-Epoxy Composites

Chemical treatment of natural fibers is a well-defined means of mechanical property improvement in natural fiberreinforced composites. An understanding of mechanical and thermal properties in these media is essential for evaluating heat transfer, thermal degradation, and overall performance of these composites over their product lifetime. However, very little information is available illustrating the effect of such treatment on the thermal properties of kenaf composites. Also, no study to date has reported the thermal conductivity of individual kenaf fibers. This study reports the effects of fiber treatment (in 6 % NaOH) on thermal transport in unidirectionally oriented kenaf-epoxy composites and individual kenaf fibers. The effective thermal conductivities and thermal diffusivities of chemically treated fiber composites show a general increase over untreated fiber composites (0.210 to 0.232 W/m/K at 28 °C, 0.206 to 0.234 W/m/K at 200 °C). This improvement may be attributed to improved interfacial contact between the fibers and epoxy matrix shown in microstructural images after chemical treatment. The thermal conductivity of individual fibers was evaluated at room temperature using two techniques. Results from both techniques showed slight increases after chemical treatment (0.58±0.53 to 1.0±0.13 W/m/K and 1.2±0.54 to 1.6±0.28 W/m/K) but lacked statistical significance. Any improvement in surface crystallinity after chemical treatment does not appear to affect overall fiber thermal conductivity. A better understanding of thermal transport in kenaf fibers and composites enables better estimation of the performance of these composites in different applications. Moreover, the thermal conductivities of individual fibers are useful in understanding the fiber’s contribution to conduction in different fiber reinforcement configurations.     

Preparation and Investigation of Epoxy Syntactic Foam (Epoxy/Graphite Reinforced Hollow Epoxy Macrosphere/Hollow Glass Microsphere Composite)

Graphite reinforced hollow epoxy macrospheres (GR-HEMS) and hollow glass microspheres (HGMS) were used to prepare three phase epoxy syntactic foam (ESF) using “molding method”, and the physical and mechanical properties of ESF were also studied and investigated. An innovative “rolling ball method” was implemented in the GR-HEMS preparation process. The performance tests show that higher GR-HEMS stacking volume fraction, lower GR-HEMS thickness, higher GR-HEMS diameter, higher HGMS volume fraction, lower HGMS density are beneficial to reducing the density of ESF, but the effects of the five factors on the strength of ESF are the opposite. Therefore, in order to obtain “high strength and low density” ESF composites, the various factors should be considered to achieve a balance of the strength and the density. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows that the “rolling ball method” can make graphite form a graphite spherical x-y network throughout the macrosphere wall, which can make GR-HEMS and ESF have great compressive strength. The ESF (450 kg/m³, 20.75 MPa) can withstand the 2075 meters water pressure and provide 550 kg/m³ buoyancy, which can give some advice to the preparation of buoyancy material used in deepwater oil exploration.     

Development of Cotton Candy Method for High Productivity Polypropylene Fibers Webs

The cotton candy method (CoCAM) is developed for high productivity of polymer micro-and nano-fibers. Polypropylene was molten in a single screw extruder of the CoCAM at air pressures of 0.2-0.5 MPa with nozzle temperatures of 280-350 °C and the constant air temperature of 600 °C. The distance from the nozzle to the collector was set at 10-90 cm. Thermal images informed the accumulation of PP fibers flows at shorter collector distance. The diameters of PP micro-fibers decreased with increasing the air pressures and the nozzle temperatures. Crystallinity of the PP micro-fibers increased when increasing the nozzle temperature due to higher occasion of molecular orientation. The degree of the fiber entanglement in the PP micro-fibers decreased when increasing the collector distance, which affected on the declination of tensile strength. Ductility of the PP micro-fibers improved at high collector distances. The optimum condition of the PP micro-fibers was found at the average diameter of 2.3 μm at 0.5 MPa with the nozzle temperature of 340 oC collected at 60 cm. The productivity of the PP micro-fibers webs from the CoCAM was 144 g/h.     

Preparation of Cu-BTC/PVA Fibers with Antibacterial Applications

In this study, a metal-organic framework (MOF)/polymer electrospun fiber was prepared. The MOF, copper-1,3,5- benzenetricarboxylate (Cu-BTC), was synthesized using a sonochemical method at 25 °C, with a 1:1:1 mixture of dimethylformamide, ethanol, and deionized water as solvent. The sonication time was shown to have a pronounced effect on the morphology and structure of the Cu-BTC. A square pyramid shape with sides of 100 nm was obtained after 2 h of sonication. Extending the sonication time provided a lower amount of unknown phase and produced a uniform Cu-BTC framework. The Cu-BTC-modified PVA fibers were then fabricated by electrospinning. The effect of the Cu-BTC and PVA concentration was investigated at 25 kV, a flow rate of 10 μl/min, and a working distance of 150 mm. FTIR spectra and FESEM images showed good dispersion of the Cu-BTC on the PVA fiber. The as-prepared Cu-BTC-modified PVA fibers exhibited excellent antibacterial effectiveness against S. aureus.     

大叶千斤拔对高温胁迫的生理响应及耐热性分析

以自然高温处理后的15份大叶千斤拔为材料,研究高温胁迫对叶片厚度、叶面积、叶绿素值、叶片含水量、电导率值和MDA含量等外观和生理指标的影响。通过隶属函数分析表明:材料F3和F5的植物生长表现较好;F14和F15在叶绿素含量、质膜透性、叶片含水量、MDA含量中的综合反应均较好;材料F14和F15相比其它13个材料具有较好的相对耐高温特性,而F12和F13对热相对敏感,其余9份为中等耐热材料。     

NR/ENR/SiO_2复合材料的阻尼性能研究

采用机械混炼的方法制备不同ENR含量的NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料,使用动态热机械分析仪(DMA)和橡胶加工分析仪(RPA)对NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料的动态力学性能和阻尼性能进行分析。结果表明:ENR对NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料的阻尼性能具有显著影响。动态热机械分析测试结果表明,随着ENR用量的增多,NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料在使用温度范围内的损耗因子积分面积增大,阻尼性能提高。橡胶加工分析频率扫描和应变扫描测试结果表明,在频率小于10 HZ不同应变时,加入了ENR的NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料的阻尼因子均高于NR/SiO2复合材料。扫描电镜分析结果证实,ENR的加入减少了SiO2的自聚,改善了填料在橡胶基体中的分散,从而使NR/ENR/SiO2复合材料力学性能得到提高。     

黄麻PHBV复合材料的耐湿热性能研究

用非织造布技术制作了黄麻/PHBV针刺毡,热压处理后制成黄/PHBV复合材料,通过对复合材料的室温、高温干态和湿态力学性能研究,用扫描电镜(SEM)对复合材料的界面进行了表征,显示应用纤维改性技术使复合材料耐湿热性能得到明显提高.     

黄麻PHBV复合材料的耐湿热性能研究

用非织造布技术制作了黄麻/PHBV针刺毡，热压处理后制成黄麻/PHBV复合材料，通过对复合材料的室温、高温干态和湿态力学性能研究，用扫描电镜(SEM)对复合材料的界面进行了表征，显示应用纤维改性技术使复合材料耐湿热性能得到明显提高。     

Study on mechanical and thermal properties of fiber-reinforced Epoxy/Hybrid-silica composite

Recently, carbon fiber composites have been widely used as structural reinforcement materials of buildings, replacing reinforcing bars or concrete. And the increase in use of super fibers such as aramid and high strength PE, which is aimed at improving the reinforcement properties, has resulted in a demand for a resin system with excellent mechanical and thermal properties. In this research, a fiber-reinforced composite has been produced by using the super fibers such as carbon fiber or aramid fiber, reinforcement resin and the silica hybrid compound containing epoxy group. This study was carried out to confirm the effect of the silica hybrid on mechanical properties, heat resistance and adhesion strength of a fiber-reinforced epoxy composite, which was produced by blending silica or introducing silica hybrid through covalent bonds. And the silica hybrid containing epoxy group, which may be introduced to the structure of fiber-reinforced epoxy composite through covalent bonds caused by reaction with a hardener, has been used, so that the heat resistance and adhesion strength could be improved.     

超高产杂交水稻培矮64S/E32和两优培九剑叶对高温的响应

 以汕优63为对照，研究了新育成的两个超级杂交水稻组合培矮64S/E32和两优培九的高温耐受特性。结果表明高温引起了光合效率降低，加重了光合光抑制。光化学、光合电子传递最适温度在28℃左右，光合碳同化的最适温度在35～40℃。高温下通过PSⅡ线性电子传递的能力几乎丧失（下降96.7%～100%），而PSⅡ光化学效率下降较少（8.8%～210%）,暗示PSⅡ光合线性电子传递过程比光化学能转化对高温更敏感。超级杂交稻比对照汕优63更耐高温，其机理可能如下：一是因为超级稻在高温时有更迅速的类胡萝卜素积累，增加其抗氧化能力，减少了因过剩激发能积累引起活性氧产生、积累并伤害光合细胞；二是因为超级稻高温下有高效的叶黄素循环热耗散途径可以耗散过量的激发能； 三是因为超级稻在高温下有稳定的光合功能和较强的光合效率，较高的热稳定蛋白含量。     

硅烷处理对Henequen纤维/PHBV树脂可生物降解复合材料界面粘结性能的影响

本文通过对Henequen纤维表面进行硅烷化改性,使得纤维与树脂间存在化学键合,提高了Henequen纤维与聚羟基丁酸与戍酸酯(PHBV)树脂复合材料界面剪切强度.Henequen纤维/PHBV复合材料界面剪切强度的大小用微粘结法(Microbond)测试,结果表明纤维经硅烷处理后可使界面剪切强度从未处理情况下的5.05Mpa提高6.34Mpa.     

Preparation and Characterization of Electrospun Polyimide Microfibrous Mats with High Whiteness and High Thermal Stability from Organo-soluble Polyimides Containing Rigid-rod Moieties

A series of flexible and tough polyimide (PI) microfibrous mats (PI-1~PI-4) have been prepared via the one-step electrospinning procedure with the organo-soluble PI resins as the starting materials. For this purpose, four PI resins were first synthesized by the chemical imidization reaction from 2,2′-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA) and four aromatic diamines containing rigid-rod moieties in their molecular skeletons, respectively. The PI resins derived from 6FDA and aromatic diamines, including PI-1 from 2-(4-aminophenyl)-5-aminobenzimidazole (APBI), PI-2 from 2-(4-aminophenyl)-5-aminobenzoxazole (APBO), PI-3 from 4,4′-diaminobenzanilide (DABA), and PI-4 from 2-chloro-4,4-diaminobenzanilide (Cl-DABA) exhibited good solubility in polar aprotic solvents, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Flexible and tough microfibrous mats were successfully prepared by a one-step electrospinning procedure from the PI/DMAc solution (solid content: 15–20 wt%; absolute viscosity: 8000–10000 mPa·s). The derived PI mats exhibited good whiteness according to the CIE Lab measurements with W (whiteness) values as high as 94.31, L (lightness) values higher than 94.00, b* (yellowness) values as low as 2.98 and yellow indices (YI) as low as 4.87. In addition, the prepared PI mats exhibited excellent thermal and dimensional stability with the glass transition temperatures (T_g) higher than 345 °C and linear coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) as low as 27.8×10^-6 /K.     

大豆GmPM31基因生物信息学、组织表达及高温高湿响应分析

sHSPs家族基因GmPM31具有典型的ACD结构域,为了预测和研究GmPM31的功能,本研究以田间劣变抗性春大豆湘豆3号为材料,分离GmPM31及其启动子序列,对该基因的结构及启动子上的顺式作用元件进行生物信息学分析,采用qRT-PCR方法对GmPM31的组织表达模式及高温高湿处理下的表达量变化进行分析.结果 表明:GmPM31基因的ORF全长为459 bp,编码153个氨基酸,包含1个ACD保守域结构.蛋白质系统进化树分析结果显示,GmPM31与CI(Class Ⅰ)亚家族的sHSPs同源性较高,表明GmPM31属于Class Ⅰ sHSPs家族成员.GmPM31基因启动子中有多个逆境胁迫响应元件,包括激素应答相关元件ABRE、ERE和AAGAA-motif等,干旱和冷胁迫相关的MYB和MYC转录因子作用元件,高盐胁迫相关元件Box Ⅲ,厌氧胁迫相关元件ARE等.qRT-PCR结果显示,GmPM31在成熟种子中大量表达,其次在幼荚和叶片中表达,在根、茎和花中表达量极低.种子发育过程中,GmPM31表达量呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在开花后第45天表达量达到最大.高温高湿胁迫处理96和168 h时种子中GmPM31的表达量显著高于对照组,说明高温高湿胁迫诱导种子中GmPM31上调表达.研究结果表明GmPM31参与了春大豆种子的发育以及高温高湿胁迫响应过程.     

硅烷处理对Henequen纤维／PHBV树脂可生物降解复合材料界面粘结性能的影响

本文通过对Henequen纤维表面进行硅烷化改性，使得纤维与树脂间存在化学键合，提高了Henequen纤维与聚羟基丁酸与戍酸酯（PHBV）树脂复合材料界面剪切强度。Henequen纤维/PHBV复合材料界面剪切强度的大小用微粘结法（Microbond)测试，结果表明纤维经硅烷处理后可使界面剪切强度从未处理情况下的5.05Mpa提高6.34Mpa。     

Preparation,Characterization and Properties of High-salt-tolerance Sodium Alginate/Krill Protein Composite Fibers

Sodium alginate (SA) and krill protein (AKP) were blended to obtain composite solution, and functional SA/AKP composite fibers were prepared via wet spinning. To further improve the salt tolerance, SA/AKP composite fibers were modified with copper sulfate aqueous solution as secondary coagulation bath because of the strong adsorption to copper ions. The CSA/AKP composite fibers with high salt tolerance have been successfully prepared. The intermolecular interaction of SA/AKP composite system and the two-order structure of protein in the composite system were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Besides, the crystallinity, morphology, mechanical properties, salt tolerance and water resistance and thermal stability of SA/AKP composites were investigated respectively. The results showed that the adsorption rate and the adsorption capacity of the composite solution to copper ion were significantly higher than those to calcium ion. Under the effect of secondary solidification by copper sulfate, the β-sheet chain of the composite fibers increased from 41.48 % to 49.21 %, the intramolecular hydrogen bond increased from 38.18 % to 44.26 %, the intermolecular hydrogen bond decreased from 59.84 % to 54.70 % and free hydroxyl slightly decreased. The water resistance of the modified composite fibers was improved by about 22 %; when the swelling time was 25 min, the salt resistance increased by about 150 %; the number of grooves on the surface of the composite fibers obviously increased, and the grooves on the surface of CSA/AKP composite fibers and the fiber section structure were much denser; Meanwhile, copper sulfate had some influence on the crystallization, thermal stability and mechanical properties of the composite fibers.     

响应面法优化橡胶专用颗粒肥碰撞恢复系数测定

为获得优质高效的肥料精量化施撒效果,本研究以橡胶专用颗粒肥为对象,采用响应面设计试验与分析方法,研究了橡胶专用颗粒肥在含水率、跌落高度和碰撞接触面3因素交互作用下对肥料跌落后反弹高度响应结果的影响。结果表明,3因素交互获取最佳的响应值组合为跌落高度49.36 cm,2 cm厚塑料板,8.93%的肥料湿度,经平行试验验证并获得橡胶专用颗粒肥与塑料板、钢板和肥料平铺面的恢复碰撞系数分别为0.72、0.64和0.41;各因素对肥料反弹高度的影响大小顺序为碰撞材料A>肥料含水率C>跌落高度B,AC的交互作用和二次项A²水平显著,随着碰撞材料A发生变化,反弹高度呈塑料板（-1）>钢板（1）>肥料平铺面（0）响应趋势。上述结果对于肥料颗粒运动仿真分析、适配的农机具原理分析、主要结构设计和用料选型以及橡胶专用颗粒肥的物化特性持续优化均具有重要的实际指导意义。