A flexible nanocomposite membrane based on traditional cotton fabric to enhance performance of microbial fuel cell

A flexible and stretchable three-dimensional nanocomposite membrane based on traditional cotton fabric is a promising alternative for proton exchange membrane because it has the capability of transferring protons, is inexpensive, and also have higher current density compared to Nafion membranes in microbial fuel cells. The obtained results showed that the highest power and current of PVAc-g-PVDF-coated cotton fabric were 400±10 mW/m² and 92 mA/m², respectively. However, maximum generated power and current for Nafion-117 were 300±10 mW/m² and 60 mA/m², respectively. The highest proton conductivity of PVAc-g-PVDF-coated cotton fabric was (1.5±0.2)×10^-2 S/cm at 25 °C and lowest glucose permeability was (12±1)×10^-6 cm²/s after Mg²⁺ ions adsorption. Furthermore, the highest COD removal (85±3 %) and CE (11.2 %) were obtained from PVAc-g-PVDF-coated cotton fabric. The coated cotton fabric can provide a novel route for low-cost production of high-performance flexible proton exchange materials from the natural fabrics.     

Electrospun SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/PMIA nanofiber membranes with higher ionic conductivity for high temperature resistance lithium-ion batteries

The nanofiber membrane prepared by electrospinning has been widely applied in lithium-ion batteries. A powerful strategy for designing, fabricating and evaluating Poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide (PMIA) nanofiber membrane with SiO₂ nanoparticles was developed by electrospinning in this paper. The morphology, crystallinity, thermal shrinkage, porosity and electrolyte uptake, and electrochemical performance of the SiO₂/PMIA nanofiber membranes were investigated. It was demonstrated that the nanofiber membrane with 6 wt% SiO₂ possessed notable properties, such as better thermal stability, higher porosity and electrolyte uptake, resulting in higher ionic conductivity (3.23×10^-3 S·cm^-1) when compared with pure PMIA nanofiber membrane. Significantly, the SiO2/PMIA nanofiber membrane based Li/LiCoO₂ cell exhibited more excellent cycling stability with capacity retention of 95 % after 50 cycles. The results indicated that the SiO₂-doped PMIA nanofiber membranes had a potential application as separator in high temperature resistance lithium-ion batteries.     

Enhanced thermal conductivity for PVDF composites with a hybrid functionalized graphene sheet-nanodiamond filler

A new thermal conductive poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite has been developed via a hybrid functionalized graphene sheets (FGS)-nanodiamonds (NDs) filler by a simple solution method. The PVDF composite showed different thermal conductivities at different proportion of hybrid filler. The thermal conductivity of the composite was up to 0.66 W/m·K for a mixture containing 45 wt% hybrid filler, which is about 2-fold increment in comparison to the PVDF martrix. The PVDF composites consisting of 20 wt% hybrid FGS/ND filler at the weight ratio of 1:3 shows the best thermal stability. The electrical conductivity of composites was increased from 5.1×10^?15 S cm^?1 (neat PVDF) to 7.1×10^?7 S cm^?1 of the PVDF composite with 10 wt% hybrid filler.     

播量和施肥对甘啤6号产量和品质的影响

为筛选出河西地区啤酒大麦高产优质栽培的适宜播量和施肥组合,以当地啤酒大麦主栽品种甘啤6号为材料,采用正交设计,研究了播量、氮肥、磷肥对该品种产量、籽粒品质及麦芽品质的影响。结果表明,播量、氮肥、磷肥组合对大麦产量、籽粒品质和麦芽品质影响显著。就产量而言,最佳播量为525 万粒·hm^-2,施氮最佳水平为180 kg·hm^-2,P₂O₅最佳水平为90 kg·hm^-2;对产量的影响表现为播量>氮肥>磷肥。播量在375万～525万粒·hm^-2范围内,籽粒蛋白质含量随播量的增加而下降,但播量达到600万粒·hm^-2时蛋白质含量又有所增加。籽粒蛋白质含量随着氮肥施用量的增加呈直线上升趋势,适量施磷可以在保证产量的同时,抑制蛋白质含量的增加;对蛋白含量的影响表现为氮肥>播量>磷肥,对千粒重的影响表现为播量>磷肥>氮肥。综合来看,在播量为525万粒·hm^-2、施氮量为120 kg·hm^-2、P₂O₅施用量为210 kg·hm^-2条件下,甘啤6号具有较高的籽粒产量和较低的蛋白质含量,且千粒重、整齐度和主要麦芽品质均达国家优级水平,因此该处理可作为河西地区甘啤6号实现高产优质的适宜播量与施肥组合。     

徐麦35高产高效增密减氮途径及其碳氮代谢调控机制

为探究增密减氮栽培途径的可行性及其碳氮代谢调控机制,于2019-2020年以徐麦35为材料,设置不同密肥组合,研究增密减氮对产量和氮效率的调控作用.结果 表明,适当减少施氮量,徐麦35的氮素农学效率(NAE)、氮肥偏生产力(PFP)、氮素生理效率(PE)、氮收获指数(NHI)均显著增加.开花期和成熟期的碳氮比(C/N)...     

肥密互作对旱地冬小麦品种普冰151旗叶光合特性、产量及品质的影响

为给旱地冬小麦优质高产栽培提供参考,选用旱地冬小麦品种普冰151为试材,采用裂区试验设计,主区为施肥量,设229、459和688kg·hm~(-2)3个水平,副区为种植密度,设180×10~4、240×10~4、300×10~4和360×10~4株·hm~(-2) 4个水平,研究了施肥量和种植密度对普冰151旗叶光合特性、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,施肥量和种植密度均显著影响普冰151的旗叶光合特性,旗叶净光合速率(Pn)和SPAD值在施肥量为459kg·hm~(-2)和种植密度为240×104株·hm~(-2)时达到最高值。随施肥量增加,普冰151产量先升后降,在施肥量为459kg·hm~(-2)时最高;当种植密度为300×104株·hm~(-2)时产量最高。增加施肥量可显著提高普冰151的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和沉降值,稳定时间在施肥量为459kg·hm~(-2)时达到最大值;蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和稳定时间随种植密度的增加先升后降,沉降值随种植密度增加而增加。在本试验条件下,实现普冰151高产和优质的适宜施肥量为459kg·hm~(-2),种植密度为300×104株·hm~(-2)。     

长期定位施氮条件下种植密度对冬小麦石4366品质和氮肥利用的影响

为探究长期施氮条件下种植密度对冬小麦品质特性和氮肥利用的调控作用,在长期定位试验的基础上,2020-2021年度采用裂区试验设计,主区为施氮量,设75 kg·hm^-2（N75）、150 kg·hm^-2（N150）、225 kg·hm^-2（N225）和300 kg·hm^-2（N300） 4个水平;副区为种植密度,设225×10⁴ 株·hm^-2（D225）、300×10⁴株·hm^-2（D300）、375×10⁴株·hm^-2（D375）、450×10⁴株·hm^-2（D450）和525×10⁴株·hm^-2（D525）5个水平;分析了不同施氮条件下种植密度对石4366产量、粉质特性、RVA特性、拉伸特性及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,不同施氮量和密度组合下籽粒产量和品质相关指标有较大差异,施氮量对氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力有显著影响。小麦产量随着施氮量的升高而增加,施氮量225 kg·hm^-2、密度范围375×10⁴~525×10⁴株·hm^-2和施氮量300 kg·hm^-2、密度范围225×10⁴~450×10⁴株·hm^-2组合下均能获得较高产量。蛋白质含量、容重和湿面筋含量随着施氮量增加呈升高趋势;稳定时间和粉质质量指数随着施氮量增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,N225下粉质参数最高。小麦籽粒品质和面粉粉质指标均随种植密度的增加而增加。施氮量225 kg·hm^-2、密度525×10⁴株·hm^-2组合是小麦粉质指标最优组合。淀粉RVA参数在施氮量225 kg·hm^-2、密度225×10⁴株·hm^-2处理下最好。拉伸特性在施氮量225 kg·hm^-2、密度450×10⁴~525×10⁴株·hm^-2组合和施氮量300 kg·hm^-2、密度225×10⁴株·hm^-2组合下较好。氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力在施氮量225 kg·hm^-2、密度375×10⁴~525×10⁴株·hm^-2组合下较高。综合籽粒产量、品质相关指标和氮肥利用效率的结果,本试验条件下,施氮量225 kg·hm^-2、种植密度450×10⁴~525×10⁴株·hm^-2可作为石4366高产、优质的较佳肥密组合。     

Biological efficiency of small dicofol droplets against Tetranychus urticae (Koch) eggs,larvae and protonymphs

The influence of droplet size on mortality of Tetranychus urticae (Koch) eggs, larvae and protonymphs was evaluated using sprays of an oil-based 1% dicofol formulation. The effect of using droplets of fixed size but with varying concentrations of active ingredient (0·05%–4·0% a.i.) against eggs was also investigated. The relationship between LD₅₀ and droplet diameter was positive and curvilinear for the three developmental stages, with an LD₅₀ of 12 ng/cm² against eggs, 5 ng/cm² against larvae and 6 ng/cm² against protonymphs when applying droplets of diameter 20 μm. With droplets of 40 μm the LD₅₀ value increased approximately twofold against larvae, protonymphs and eggs: thus an increase in droplet size generally resulted in a decrease in the efficiency of sprays against all three developmental stages of the mite. A U-shaped relationship was found between LD₅₀ and concentration with a theoretical optimum concentration of 1·18% a.i. (i.e. 11·8 g/litre) when droplets of a fixed size were used against eggs. The efficiency of droplets with the minimum active ingredient content (0·05% a.i.) and those with the maximum concentration (4·0% a.i.) was reduced by more than three times compared with the efficiency of droplets with the optimum concentration.     

氮肥和密度互作对冬小麦石4366群体、茎秆特性和产量的影响

为探索施氮量和种植密度互作对冬小麦品种石4366生长特性的影响,2020-2021年度在长期氮肥定位试验田通过裂区试验,设置4个施氮水平(施氮量分别为75 kg·hm^-2、150 kg·hm^-2、225kg·hm^-2和300 kg·hm^-2,分别用N75、N150、N225和N300表示)和5个种植密度水平(分别为225×10⁴株·hm^-2、300×10⁴株·hm^-2、375×10⁴株·hm^-2、450×10⁴株·hm^-2和525×10⁴株·hm^-2,分别用D225、D300、D375、D450和D525表示),比较分析了不同处理间该品种旗叶面积、穗部发育、群体动态、秸秆特性和产量的差异。结果表明,施氮量和种植密度对石4366群体、茎秆特性和产量均有显著影响。N75条件下穗长、总小穗...     

追氮量和种植密度对镇麦168群体质量、产量和加工品质的调控效应

为给小麦品种镇麦168优质高产栽培中氮肥和种植密度管理提供参考,在基施有机肥15 000kg·hm-2、复合肥(N∶P∶K=15∶15∶15)375kg·hm-2条件下,设置240、285和330kg·hm-2三个追施氮肥水平以及135万、180万、225万、270万和330万株·hm-2五个种植密度(基本苗)水平,研究了追氮量和种植密度对该品种群体质量、产量和加工品质的影响。结果表明,在240~285kg·hm-2范围内,增加追氮量可明显提高镇麦168的籽粒产量、千粒重、成穗率、沉降值和弱化度,但当追氮量达到330kg·hm-2时,有效穗数、穗粒数、籽粒产量、容重、出粉率、吸水率、面团稳定时间增加不显著,千粒重明显降低。在135万~270万株·hm-2范围内,增加种植密度可显著提高有效穗数、籽粒产量、容重、面团形成时间、稳定时间和弱化度,而当种植密度达到330万株·hm-2时,有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、籽粒产量、成穗率、容重、面团形成时间、稳定时间和弱化度显著降低,分蘖期和拔节期群体叶面积指数、越冬期和拔节期干物质积累量以及出粉率、沉降值、吸水率增幅不明显。综合来看,镇麦168高产优质栽培的适宜追氮量和密度分别为285kg·hm-2和270万株·hm-2。     

不同沼肥处理对小麦分蘖期土壤硝化作用强度及氨氧化细菌和古菌群落的影响

为了解沼肥对小麦分蘖期土壤硝化作用强度、氨氧化细菌和古菌群落的影响,设置沼肥低量(BL)、沼肥中量(BM)、沼肥高量(BH)、沼氮混合(BN)、化肥施用(NPK)及不施肥(CK)6种不同施肥处理,测定了不同处理下土壤硝化作用强度,采用16SrDNA PCR-DGGE和amoA PCR-DGGE分析了不同处理土壤氨氧化细菌(Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)、氨氧化古菌(Ammonia-oxidizing archaea,AOA)多样性指数和群落变化。结果表明,施肥可显著提高土壤硝化作用强度(P0.05),土壤硝化作用强度以BH处理最高(54.83%),NPK处理次之(52.12%),BL处理最低(44.75%)。不同施肥处理下,小麦分蘖期土壤AOB多样性指数变化明显,其中BH和NPK处理显著高于其他处理;而AOA多样性指数变化幅度小,不同处理之间差异不显著。从选取代表性DGGE条带克隆测序结果和构建的AOB和AOA群落系统发育关系看,小麦分蘖期土壤AOB群落分类变化明显,形成了两个新的类群;amoA基因序列所反映的不同处理土壤AOA群落与已报道的土壤及淡水沉积物环境中的未培养奇古菌(Uncultured Thaumarchaeote)聚为一类,属于Cluster S,AOA群落分类尚未发生变化。     

Modelling net photosynthetic rate of field-grown cocksfoot leaves under different nitrogen, water and temperature regimes

A simple multiplicative model using temperature, foliage nitrogen (N) concentration and water status was developed to predict the maximum photosynthetic rate (Pmax) of field‐grown cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) leaves when none, one, two or all the factors were limiting. The highest Pmax was 27·4 μmol CO₂ m^–2 s^?1 in non‐limited conditions, which was defined as the standardized Pmax value dimensionless (Pmax_s=1). Pmax_s increased 0·058 units per °C from 10°C to the optimum range (19–23°C) (Pmax_s=1) and then declined 0·077 units of Pmax_s per °C from 23 to 31°C. Pmax_s=1 was also measured from 59 to 52 g N kg^?1 dry matter (DM) foliage N. Pmax_s then decreased at the rate of 0·115 units per 10 g N kg^?1 DM from 52 to 26 g N kg^?1 DM, and 0·409 units of Pmax_s per 10 g N kg^?1 DM from 26 to 15 g N kg^?1 DM. For predawn leaf water potential (ψ_lp), Pmax_s=1 was measured from ?0·1 to ?1·2 bar but declined linearly at a rate of 0·078 units per bar of ψ_lp from ?1·2 to ?14·0 bar because of a linear decrease in stomatal conductance. An interaction between low N content (≤20 g N kg^?1 DM) and high temperature (>23°C) was also detected. Together, this multiplicative model accounted for 0·82 of the variation in Pmax_s.     

株行距配置对宽幅播种小麦产量形成的影响

为探明不同株行距配置对宽幅播种高产栽培下冬小麦产量形成调控的生理基础,选用高产冬小麦品种泰山28为材料,采用裂区设计,主区为种植密度（150×10⁴、225×10⁴和300×10⁴株·hm^-2）,副区为播种行距（25、20和15 cm）,研究了不同株行距配置下小麦干物质积累、转运及产量的影响。结果表明,在150×10⁴株·hm^-2种植密度下,小麦干物质积累量均处于较低水平,产量亦较低;在种植密度225×10⁴株·hm^-2配置20或25 cm行距和种植密度300×10⁴株·hm^-2配置25 cm行距时,小麦干物质积累量和产量均达到较高水平。在种植密度225万株·hm^-2和行距20 cm处理下,小麦开花前营养器官贮藏的同化物向籽粒的转运量、开花后光合产物在籽粒中的积累量及其对籽粒产量的贡献率均显著高于其他处理。泰山28在种植密度225×10⁴株·hm^-2配置20或25 cm行距和种植密度300×10⁴株·hm^-2配置25 cm行距下均可实现三者的协调,获得较高的产量。因此,合理的种植密度和行距配置是实现宽幅播种高产栽培小麦高产的重要技术途径。     

淮北地区小麦超高产群体生长特性分析

为了解安徽省淮北地区超高产小麦群体生长指标与产量之间的关系,于2011-2014年度,以当地种植面积较大、具有超高产潜力的小麦品种济麦22和皖麦52为试验材料,研究了播期和播种密度对小麦群体生长指标和产量的影响。结果发现,年度间比较,2013-2014年度的小麦产量较高;播期为10月3日时,两个小麦品种的产量随密度的增加呈先增加后降低趋势,均以密度为210×104株·hm-2处理产量最高;播期为10月15日时,两个小麦品种的产量随密度增加而增加,均以密度为330×104株·hm-2处理产量最高。早播(10月3日)处理的小麦,叶面积持续时间较长;播期相同时,小麦的叶面积持续时间随密度增加而增加,叶面积指数随密度增加而减少,净同化率随密度增加而增加。小麦群体生长率的增加,主要来源于叶面积指数的增加。相关性分析表明,小麦籽粒产量与其叶面积持续时间和群体生长率的相关性极显著,与净同化率呈显著负相关。本试验条件下,两个小麦品种均以10月3日播种、密度为210×104株·hm-2处理的产量最高。     

氮密互作对淮北砂姜黑土区冬小麦冠层光合特性和产量的影响

为筛选出适合淮北平原砂姜黑土区小麦稳产高产栽培的氮密配置,在大田条件下以安农0711(AN0711)和烟农19(YN19)为试验材料,采用裂区设计,设置150×10~4、210×10~4、270×10~4和330×10~4株·hm~(-2)4个种植密度(分别用D1～D4代表),以及135、180、225和270 kg·hm~(-2)4个施氮水平(分别用N1～N4代表),分析了氮密互作对冬小麦冠层结构、光合特性和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,氮密互作可改善小麦冠层结构,显著影响冠层光合特性。旗叶净光合速率和叶绿素相对含量随着种植密度的增加而降低,而随着施氮量的增加而增加,但施氮量超过225 kg·hm~(-2)时变化均不显著。随着种植密度和施氮量的增加,叶面积指数和冠层截获光合有效辐射显著提高,且在孕穗期和开花期均以D4N4处理最大,灌浆中期均以D3N3处理最大。氮密对籽粒产量有显著的互作效应。在D3N3处理下AN0711和YN19的冠层光合能力和籽粒产量均最高,其中产量分别达到7 866.67和7 400.00 kg·hm~(-2)。在本试验条件下,适宜的种植密度和施氮量分别为270×10~4株·hm~(-2)和225 kg·hm~(-2)。     

The implications of controlling grazed sward height for the operation and productivity of upland sheep systems in the UK: 7. Sustainability of white clover in grass/clover swards with reduced levels of fertilizer nitrogen

The sustainability of white clover in grass/clover swards of an upland sheep system, which included silage making, was studied over 5 years for four nitrogen fertilizer rates [0 (N₀), 50 (N₅₀), 100 (N₁₀₀) and 150 (N₁₅₀) kg N ha^?1]. A common stocking rate of 6 ewes ha^?1 was used at all rates of N fertilizer with additional stocking rates at the N₀ fertilizer rate of 4 ewes ha^?1 and at the N₁₅₀ fertilizer rate of 10 ewes ha^?1. Grazed sward height was controlled, for ewes with their lambs, from spring until weaning in late summer by adjusting the proportions of the total area to be grazed in response to changes in herbage growth; surplus pasture areas were harvested for silage. Thereafter sward height was controlled on separate areas for ewes and weaned lambs. Areas of pasture continuously grazed in one year were used to make silage in the next year. For treatments N₀ and N₁₅₀, white clover stolon densities (s.e.m.) were 7670 (205·4) and 2296 (99·8) cm m^?2, growing point densities were 4459 (148·9) and 1584 (76·0) m^?2 and growing point densities per unit length of stolon were 0·71 (0·015) and 0·67 (0·026) cm^?1 respectively, while grass tiller densities were 13 765 (209·1) and 18 825 (269·9) m^?2 for treatments N₀ and N₁₅₀ respectively. White clover stolon density increased over the first year from 780 (91·7) cm m^?2 and was maintained thereafter until year 5, reaching 8234 (814·3) and 2787 (570·8) cm m^?2 for treatments N₀ and N₁₅₀ respectively. Growing point density of white clover increased on treatment N₀ from 705 (123·1) m^?2 to 2734 (260·7) m^?2 in year 5 and it returned to the initial level on treatment N₁₅₀ having peaked in the intermediate years. Stolon density of white clover was maintained when the management involved the annual interchange of continuously grazed and ensiled areas. The non‐grazing period during ensiling reduced grass tiller density during the late spring and summer, when white clover has the most competitive advantage in relation to grass. The increase in stolon length of white clover in this period appears to compensate for the loss of stolon during periods when the sward is grazed and over winter when white clover is at a competitive disadvantage in relation to grass. The implications for the management of sheep systems and the sustainability of white clover are discussed.     

种植密度对扬糯麦1号籽粒产量与群体质量的影响

为给糯小麦高产栽培提供参考,以扬糯麦1号为材料,设置了135×104、180×104、225×104、270×104和315×104株·hm-2五个密度水平,分析了种植密度对糯小麦籽粒产量与群体质量的影响。结果表明,扬糯麦1号孕穗期及开花期叶面积系数、开花期及成熟期干物质积累量与密度呈显著线性正相关,分蘖成穗率与密度呈极显著线性负相关,花后干物质积累量和粒叶比与密度呈显著二次曲线关系。在215×104~238×104株·hm-2种植密度下,产量达8 000kg·hm-2以上,此密度区间可作为糯小麦正常播种条件下的适宜密度范围。     

播期和密度对春小麦品种新春26号生长及产量的影响

为确定新疆主栽春小麦品种新春26号的最佳播种时期和种植密度,采用两因素裂区试验,设4月5日、4月18日和5月2日3个播种时间,以及350万、400万、450万、500万和550万株·hm-2 5个种植密度,分析了播期和种植密度对小麦群体性状、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,在相同种植密度下,随着播期的推后,小麦各生育时期群体茎数、干物质积累量、叶面积指数均显著降低;播期对千粒重的影响不显著,而早播(4月5日)小麦的穗数、穗粒数和产量显著高于晚播(5月2日)小麦。种植密度对小麦各生育时期群体性状也均有显著影响,种植密度过高或过低均不利于小麦群体发育及产量形成,适宜的种植密度可以改善小麦群体结构,进而提高产量。播期和密度互作对小麦整个生育期生长发育的影响均显著。总体来看,在本试验条件下,春小麦品种新春26号应适当早播,最佳播种时间和种植密度分别为4月5日和450万株·hm-2。     

Evaluation of bamboo charcoal/stainless steel/TPU composite woven fabrics

Composite woven fabric satisfies what people require. Bamboo charcoal (BC) has been identified as a multifunctional material that has far-infrared ray, anions, deodorization and etc. BC fibers and yarns were made of bamboo charcoal powders and have further become a pervasive materials used in textile industry. In this study, cotton yarns, stainless steel/cotton (SS/C) complex yarn, bamboo charcoal/cotton (BC/C) complex yarns were woven into the plain, twill and Dobby composite woven fabrics. The warp yarn was composed of cotton yarns, and the weft yarn was made up of BC/C and SS/C complex yarns with a picking ratio of 1:1 and 3:1. Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) film was then attached to the composite woven fabrics, forming the BC/SS/TPU composite woven fabrics. Tests of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE), far-infrared emissivity, anions, water resistance, and water vapor permeability measured the single-layer, two-layer and four-layer composite woven fabrics, obtaining a far-infrared emissivity of 0.95 by 39.8 counts per minute, an anion count of 149 amount/cc, an EMSE of −11.87 dB under frequency of 900 MHz, a surface resistivity of 8×10⁻⁶ Ω/square, a water resistance of −8219 mmH₂O, and water vapor permeability of 989 g/m²·h and 319 g/m²·24 h in accordance with JIS L 1099 A1 and ASTM E96 BW.     

密度和施氮量对超高产冬小麦群体质量和产量形成的影响

为明确种植密度和施氮量对超高产冬小麦群体质量和产量形成的影响,以冬小麦品种石麦18为材料,于2013-2014年度在河北省藁城市进行了密度(基本苗150万、225万、300万和375万·hm-2)和施氮量(180、240和300kg·hm-2)的二因素裂区试验。结果表明,小麦各生育时期群体总茎(穗)数随密度的增加而增加,但4种密度下都取得了较高的穗数。越冬前至开花期叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均随密度的增加而增加,但基本苗为150万和225万·hm-2时开花后LAI和干物质积累量都高于基本苗300万和375万·hm-2。各生育时期(除起身期外)不同施氮量之间总茎数差异不显著。干物质积累量随着施氮量增加呈增加趋势,高施氮量下开花后LAI衰减较慢。密度对产量及其构成因素的影响均显著,施氮量仅对千粒重和产量的影响显著;密度与施氮量对千粒重和产量有显著的交互效应。基本苗150万·hm-2、施氮量240~300kg·hm-2处理的小麦产量最高,分别为10 308.65和10 221.98kg·hm-2。因此,建议在低密度下适当增施氮肥。而从节本增效考虑,在高密度下应适当减少氮肥投入,以实现小麦的高产高效。