一种治疗母畜子宫内膜炎凝胶剂的研制

目的：制备一种治疗母畜子宫内膜炎的凝胶剂即复方醋酸氯己定凝胶,建立其质量标准。方法：以卡波姆940为基质和其他辅料,与醋酸氯己定和甲硝唑制成凝胶剂,采用HPLC法测定凝胶剂中醋酸氯己定和甲硝唑含量。结果：醋酸氯己定和甲硝唑精密度和重复率良好,平均回收率分别为99.23%和99.37%。结论：该制剂制备工艺简单,含量测定方法准确,重现性好。     

治疗母畜子宫内膜炎凝胶剂的安全性研究

为了验证复方醋酸氯己定凝胶的安全性,观察其对动物毒性和阴道黏膜的刺激性作用,试验对健康家兔进行毒性试验和阴道黏膜刺激试验。结果表明:复方醋酸氯己定凝胶剂对家兔的最大给药量大于8 g/kg,不会对机体产生毒性作用;低剂量组和高剂量组对家兔阴道黏膜的刺激指数分别为0.7,1.3。说明复方醋酸氯己定凝胶阴道用药无毒性,低剂量对阴道黏膜无刺激性,高剂量组有极轻度的刺激性,但在可接受范围内,临床可放心使用。     

HPLC法测定醋酸氯己定子宫灌注液的含量

建立了测定醋酸氯己定含量的高效液相色谱法。以C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,0.02 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液(pH2.6)-乙腈(70∶30)为流动相,流速1 mL/min,检测波长254 nm。结果显示,醋酸氯己定在0.5～198μg/mL浓度范围内,浓度对峰面积的线性关系良好(r=0.999 98),平均回收率为96.40%(n=9)。实验表明,该方法灵敏、准确,可以较好地控制醋酸氯己定子宫灌注剂的质量。     

醋酸甲羟孕酮(MPA)原位凝胶植入剂的制备

采用正交设计法对醋酸甲羟孕酮原位凝胶植入剂（MPA-PLA）进行处方筛选,优化制备工艺。以高效液相为检测方法,评价该制剂的体外释放规律。结果显示：MPA-PLA能显著延长释放时间,具有长效缓释制剂的基本释药规律。     

犬用复方土槿皮凝胶剂的制备

为了制备犬用复方土槿皮制剂,试验采用正交试验设计,以卡波姆940、主药、甘油、氮酮的用量为因素,以凝胶剂的外观、黏稠度、涂展性和稳定性为考查指标,筛选复方土槿皮凝胶剂主要基质的最佳配比。结果表明:筛选得到的犬用复方土槿皮凝胶剂的最佳配比为1.5%卡波姆940、15%主药、10%甘油、4%氮酮。以此配方制备的土槿皮凝胶剂色泽均匀,黏稠性及涂展性良好,稳定性好,制备工艺简单。     

“皮癣净”凝胶剂的制备及其稳定性考察

优选＂皮癣净＂凝胶剂的基质组成,考查其稳定性。采用正交试验设计,以卡波姆940、中药配方、甘油和氮酮用量为因素,以凝胶剂的外观、耐热、耐寒和加速离心实验为考查指标,确定了主要基质的最佳组成。结果表明,＂皮癣净＂凝胶剂最佳处方为1.2%的卡波姆940,5%的主药,15%的甘油,4%的氮酮。凝胶剂外观颜色均匀,涂布性能优越,耐寒耐热试验均无变化,且在4 000r/min条件下离心100 min无分层现象。该制剂的制备工艺简单、制剂稳定。     

宫康中水苏碱含量测定

目的:筛选宫康中水苏碱含量测定供试品溶液的制备方法,建立宫康中水苏碱HPLC-ELSD含量检测方法。方法:采用阳离子交换树脂、五氯酚、硫氰酸铬铵3种方法制备供试品溶液,采用HPLC-ELSD测定水苏碱含量。结果:采用硫氰酸铬铵制备的供试品溶液较好,水苏碱含量在2.20-11.00μg范围内线性关系良好(R~2=0.999),平均回收率为95.96%。结论:该法简便、样品纯净,灵敏,阴性无干扰,可以有效控制该制剂质量。     

恩诺沙星外用凝胶剂的研制和质量标准的制定

研制以恩诺沙星为主药的凝胶剂。拟定处方组成和制备工艺,用紫外分光光度法测定含量,并进行稳定性试验。结果表明,该制备工艺可行,处方中的赋形剂不影响主药的含量测定。结论该凝胶剂处方设计合理,质量控制方法可靠。     

高效液相色谱法测定复方聚维酮碘凝胶中氢化可的松的含量

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定复方聚维酮碘凝胶中氢化可的松的含量。以C18(4.6mm×250 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,乙腈-甲醇-醋酸铵(20∶45∶35)为流动相,流速1 mL/min,检测波长240 nm,柱温37℃。结果显示:氢化可的松在0.025~0.122 mg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 3),回收率为96.06%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.45%。试验表明,采用高效液相色谱法测定复方聚维酮碘凝胶中氢化可的松的含量灵敏、快速、准确,可用于该复方制剂的质量控制或检验分析。     

氯地乳膏中氯霉素和醋酸地塞米松的含量测定

本文采用高校液相测定了氯地乳膏中氯霉素和醋酸地塞米松的含量,固定相为:安捷伦Cl8(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),甲醇-乙腈-0.025mol/L磷酸二氢钠(25:25:50)为流动相,检测波长为240nm;醋酸地塞米松在10~100μg·m L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系;氯霉素在50~500μg·m L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系。醋酸地塞米松和氯霉素的平均回收率分别为99.5%、99.5%,RSD为0.86%(n=6)、0.83%(n=6);此方法简便、准确、重现性好,可用于氯地乳膏中醋酸地塞米松和氯霉素的含量测定。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定兽药复方酮康唑软膏中的酮康唑和甲硝唑含量

建立了同时提取、测定兽药复方酮康唑软膏中酮康唑、甲硝唑含量的高效液相色谱(HPLC)法。采用C18色谱柱,甲醇-水为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长239nm。结果表明,酮康唑和甲硝唑2种成分线性关系良好(r > 0.999)。在3个不同浓度水平下酮康唑和甲硝唑平均加样回收率分别为 97.8% 和100.0%,溶液稳定性和方法重复性的RSD均小于1%。应用该方法测定3个不同厂家样品中2种组分的含量,结果符合要求。本方法简便,可靠,专属性强,重现性好,为该制剂的质量标准提高提供了研究基础。     

血清复合制剂对仔猪腹泻综合征的疗效比较

为了获得有效治疗仔猪腹泻的新方法,本试验选择了几种引起仔猪腹泻的病原疫苗接种屠宰前60d左右的育肥猪,然后制备血清及血清制剂,按1∶1和1∶1.5将血清制剂与恩诺沙星配比应用于4个试验猪场共221头腹泻仔猪。结果显示:空白对照组、单一使用血清制剂组及单一使用恩诺沙星组的平均治愈率分别为55%、56%、73%;而复合制剂组1和复合制剂组2的治愈率分别为91%和100%。试验证明,将血清制剂与恩诺沙星按1∶1.5配比使用,其治愈率最高,可作为有效防控仔猪腹泻的首选方法。     

Presurgical antiseptic efficacy of chlorhexidine diacetate and providone-iodine in the canine preputial cavity

Antiseptic flushing of the canine prepuce and its exclusion from the surgical field are recommended before abdominal surgery to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination. The authors cultured the preputial cavity of 60 dogs prior to and following flushing with 0.05% chlorhexidine diacetate, 1% povidone-iodine, or 0.9% saline control. Bacterial growth was evaluated using a semiquantitative method, and bacterial organisms were subsequently identified. There were no significant differences between povidone-iodine and the saline control in any of the variables assessed. Chlorhexidine resulted in a significant decrease in the proportion of positive postflush cultures compared with povidone-iodine. Although not significant, the difference in adverse reactions between povidone-iodine (25%) and chlorhexidine diacetate (5%) suggests clinical relevance. Based on the results of this study, a 2 min flush with 0.05% chlorhexidine diacetate is recommended for presurgical preparation of the preputial cavity.     

海滨锦葵块根粉对肉仔鸡生长和免疫性能的影响

 
试验以AA肉仔鸡为试验对象,分析海滨锦葵块根粉和酶制剂对其生长和免疫的影响。选取96羽1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为4组。试验Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别在饲喂基础日粮基础上添加0.02%复合酶制剂,0.5%和1%海滨锦葵块根粉,试验期21 d。结果表明,与对照组和酶制剂组相比,添加海滨锦葵块根粉有提高肉仔鸡的增重的趋势,但差异不显著（P>0.05）;与对照组相比,酶制剂和海滨锦葵块根粉对肉仔鸡免疫器官指数无显著影响（P>0.05）;酶制剂组、0.5%和1%海滨锦葵块根粉组的溶菌酶活性比对照组分别提高了23.90%、3.94%和3.17%,但差异均不显著（P>0.05）;酶制剂组的肿瘤坏死因子-α含量极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）,并且显著低于1%海滨锦葵块根粉组（P<0.05）,而海滨锦葵块根粉组与对照组差异不显著（P>0.05）;酶制剂和海滨锦葵块根粉都可以减少血清中白介素6含量,但差异不显著（P>0.05）;酶制剂和海滨锦葵块根粉对新城疫疫苗抗体效价无显著影响（P>0.05）。结果提示,酶制剂和海滨锦葵块根粉对肉仔鸡的生长性能有提高趋势,酶制剂可以提高肉仔鸡免疫功能,而海滨锦葵块根粉对肉仔鸡免疫功能有一定影响。     

Chlorhexidine Gluconate Versus Chloroxylenol for Preoperative Skin Preparation in Dogs

The efficacy of 3% chloroxylenol (PCMX) or 4% chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) for preoperative skin preparation was assessed in 100 dogs undergoing clean or clean-contaminated surgical procedures. Replication Organism Detection and Counting (RODAC) plates were used to quantify skin bacteria colony forming units (CFU) at the operative site before and after skin preparation and immediately postoperatively. Reduction of CFU after skin preparation and immediately postoperatively was significant for each agent. However, CFU levels were significantly lower in the CG group than in the PCMX group after surgical preparation, regardless of initial CFU numbers. No significant difference in CFU counts was observed between antiseptic groups postoperatively. Within-group comparisons showed PCMX to be significantly less efficacious when the prescrub CFU number was greater than 1,000. Bacterial reduction was similar in the CG group regardless of prescrub CFU levels. The number of negative cultures after skin preparation was significantly greater with CG than with PCMX. Chlorhexidine gluconate also had fewer cultures with heavy bacterial growth (>5 CFUs) after surgical preparation. There was no significant difference between antiseptics in the number of negative cultures or cultures with more than 5 CFUs immediately after surgery. The number of skin reactions and postoperative wound infections that occurred with each technique were similar. Three percent PCMX, as used in this study, was less effective than 4% CG in its immediate antimicrobial activity, however, this difference was not associated with an increased wound infection rate.     

A method for preparation of IgA from bovine mammary secretions.

A method for preparing purified IgA from bovine mammary secretions is described. Whey was initially fractionated by gel filtration and fractions containing IgA were pooled, concentrated and digested with pepsin. The digest was rechromatographed on the same type of gel twice and the resulting IgA preparation tested for purity by an enzyme immunoassay procedure. Five different preparations tested were found to contain no measureable IgM or IgG2 and 0.8% to 1.1% IgG1 on a weight basis. If colostral whey was digested with pepsin prior to chromatography, the IgA preparations contained 1.1% to 2% IgG1 and no measureable IgM and IgG2. The procedure provides a reasonably easy method of eliminating most of the contaminating IgG1 (dimeric) and allows preparation of quantities of IgA for immunochemical studies and standardization of serological techniques.     

HPLC同时测定中药复方“LH”中绿原酸和连翘苷的含量

目的：建立同时测定中药复方“LH”中绿原酸和连翘苷含量的高效液相色谱方法。方法：以Zorbax Extend．C18柱（4．6mm×150him,5μm）为色谱柱,以乙腈-0．1％醋酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1．0mL／min,检测波长344nm。结果：绿原酸、连翘苷的线性范围分别为0．0125—0．625vg（r=0．9999）,0．05—2．5μg（r=0．9999）,平均回收率为98．40％和96．67％,RSD分别为1．35％、1．23％（n=6）;结论：该法准确、快速、简便、重现性好,且具有良好的回收率,可用于中药复方“L”中绿原酸和连翘苷的含量测定。     

结肠小袋纤毛虫体外药物急性毒杀试验

通过结肠小袋纤毛虫对甲硝唑、氟苯尼考和血虫净（三氮咪）的急性毒性试验,以机率单位法获得半数致死浓度（LC50）,结果显示：甲硝唑、氟苯尼考对结肠小袋纤毛虫2h的半数致死浓度（LC50,2h）分别是457．8mg／L,1705mg／L,12h的半数致死浓度（LC50,12h）分别是25．64mg／L、973．8mg／L。血虫净（三氮咪）12h和24h半数致死浓度（LC50）分别是331．8mg／L、295．4mg／L。甲硝唑是杀灭结肠小袋纤毛虫的理想药物。     

Comparative Evaluation of Two Surgical Scrub Preparations in Cattle

One hundred seventeen cattle that had undergone surgery were assigned randomly to two preoperative skin preparation protocols. Group 1 (60 animals) skin preparation was with povidone-iodine soap and isopropyl alcohol, whereas group 2 (57 animals) had skin preparation with chlorhexidine gluconate and isopropyl alcohol. Quantitative microbial culture plates were used to estimate the number of colony forming units (CFUs) before skin preparation (prescrub), after skin preparation (postscrub), after surgery (postoperative), and in room air (environment). A significant decrease in CFU occurred postscrub for both skin preparations ( P <.05). Chlorhexidine and alcohol preparation resulted in significantly fewer CFUs (LSMean ± SE = 2.79 CFU ± 1.74) and a greater percentage reduction in CFUs (98.64%± 2.01) postscrub than povidone and alcohol (LSMean ± SE = 10.27 CFUs ± 1.51, 93.29%± 1.85); ( P <.005). Group 2 had a significantly higher frequency of negative cultures postscrub (49.1%) compared with group 1 (18.3%) ( P <.001). The number of postoperative CFUs were not significantly different between the two treatment groups. Wound infection frequency for clean surgical procedures was not significantly different between the two skin preparation protocols (group 1 = 9.8%, group 2 = 10.7%), however, infection frequency was significantly higher for surgical procedures with a ventral abdominal approach (5 of 14, 35.7%), compared with a flank approach (1 of 41, 2.4%) or other approaches (orthopedic procedures) (1 of 16, 6.3%) ( P <.05). Both skin preparation protocols were effective and safe in decreasing the skin microflora population of cattle before surgery and although preparation with chlorhexidine gluconate and alcohol resulted in less CFUs immediafly postscrub, the frequency of surgical wound infection was similar for both protocols.