影响22～42日龄肉鸡肌肉品质的酶最佳组合水平研究

试验通过二次正交旋转试验设计,研究22~42日龄肉鸡蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶水平的最佳组合效应。试验选用1日龄体重接近、健康艾拔益加肉鸡1 380只,随机分成23个处理组,每组6个重复,每重复10只,网栏平养。试验为期42 d。分别以蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶水平为自变量,以肉鸡肌肉品质作为因变量拟合回归方程。结果表明:一定水平组合的蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶对蒸煮损失和红度a*有显著影响(P0.05)。蛋白酶和淀粉酶对滴水损失存在交互作用。影响滴水损失和蒸煮损失的主次顺序为淀粉酶脂肪酶蛋白酶,此时消化酶的最佳组合为:蛋白酶4.00 U/g饲料,淀粉酶0.10 U/g饲料,脂肪酶2.00 U/g饲料和3.00 U/g饲料,此时理论极值分别为1.37%和7.54%。影响亮度L*的主次顺序为蛋白酶脂肪酶淀粉酶。影响红度a*和黄度b*的主次顺序为脂肪酶淀粉酶蛋白酶。综上所述,本试验条件下,淀粉酶是滴水损失和蒸煮损失的重要影响因素,最佳组合水平为:蛋白酶4.00 U/g饲料,淀粉酶0.10 U/g饲料,脂肪酶2.00 U/g饲料和3.00 U/g饲料时,鸡肉可获得最佳的经济效益。蛋白酶是影响L*的重要影响因素,脂肪酶是a*和b*的重要影响因素。     

糖萜素对鲫鱼消化酶活性的影响

本试验测定了饲养30d鲫鱼的肠道和肝胰脏中蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活性。结果表明,在基础饲料中添加1000mg/kg糖萜素能显著提高鲫鱼肠道和肝胰脏中的蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性(P<0.05),且效果优于基础饲料中添加4mg/kg的黄霉素组。     

饲料中去皮豆粕替代鱼粉比例对草鱼消化酶活力的影响

试验旨在研究去皮豆粕替代鱼粉比例对草鱼消化酶活力的影响。选择健康的草鱼为试验对象,以鱼粉为动物蛋白源,去皮豆粕为植物蛋白源,去皮豆粕分别替代0%、15%、30%、45%和60%的鱼粉蛋白,配制成5种等蛋白、等能的半精制饲料,在室内单循环控温养殖系统中进行8周生长试验。试验结束后,取草鱼的前、中、后段肠道和肝胰脏,分别用福林-酚试剂法、碘-淀粉比色法和脂肪酶试剂盒测定了肠道和肝胰脏蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活力。结果表明:饲料中去皮豆粕替代鱼粉对草鱼肠道和肝胰脏的蛋白酶活力具有显著影响,随着去皮豆粕替代鱼粉蛋白水平的增加,草鱼肝胰脏和肠道蛋白酶活力逐渐降低,60%组与对照组差异显著(P0.05);去皮豆粕替代鱼粉对草鱼肝胰脏、前肠、后肠淀粉酶活力无负面影响,但草鱼中肠淀粉酶活力45%和60%组显著低于对照组(P0.05);去皮豆粕替代鱼粉对草鱼肝胰脏和肠道脂肪酶活力影响不显著(P0.05)。     

复合诱食剂对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、消化酶活性与肠道菌群组成的影响

试验探究复合诱食剂对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、消化酶活性与肠道菌群组成的影响。试验选择360只对虾,分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复30只。对照组对虾饲喂基础饲料,试验组在基础饲料中分别添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的复合诱食剂。结果显示,复合诱食剂能够明显提高凡纳滨对虾的增重率、特定生长率和养殖成活率,明显降低饲料系数。0.5%复合诱食剂能够显著提高凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺组织中淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性(P0.05),明显提高对虾肝胰腺和胃肠道蛋白酶、胃肠道淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性。1.0%复合诱食剂能够显著提高凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺和胃肠道组织中蛋白酶和脂肪酶及胃肠道淀粉酶活性(P0.05),明显提高对虾肝胰腺淀粉酶活性。1.5%复合诱食剂能够显著提高凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺蛋白酶和胃肠道脂肪酶活性(P0.05),明显提高对虾肝胰腺淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胃肠道淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性。复合诱食剂能够明显提高凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群的多样性水平。试验表明,凡纳滨对虾饲料中添加1.0%复合诱食剂较为适宜。     

人工饲料大量饲养蓖麻蚕的试验示范

人工饲料饲养蓖麻蚕研究是广东省科委下达的重点科技项目之一.我们从1978至198O年,对人工饲料配方及其配制方法,蓖麻蚕种对人工饲料的适应性、人工饲料的贮存与饲养蓖麻蚕的方法等方面进行了比较系统的深入研究的基础上,根据广东省科委的要求和研究工作的进展,1981年分别在我们三个单位进行人工饲料大量饲养蓖麻蚕的试验示范,并进一步对人工饲料不同贮存期内的氨基酸变化与成活率的关系等问题进行试验.现将试验示范结果整理如下:一、人工饲料大量饲养蓖麻蚕示范结果:从年初开始,进行大量饲养,配方主要用一方和三方,成份如表1:     

鱼类消化酶研究及其在水产养殖中的应用

鱼类消化酶主要有蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶等几种,鱼类消化酶的活性随种类、生长阶段和健康状况的不同而有差异,同时受水体温度、pH、盐度、无机离子以及饲料等因素的影响。鱼类消化酶研究可用于指导筛选饲料配方、开发新的饲料源和确立适宜养殖条件。     

斑点肉鸭小肠液中消化酶活性变化探讨

以 0～45日龄斑点肉鸭为研究对象 ,测试 5 ,1 5 ,2 5 ,35 ,45日龄肉鸭小肠液中淀粉酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶活性随年龄的变化趋势。结果表明 :淀粉酶、蛋白酶活性随日龄增大而升高 ,且 5～ 1 5日龄段显著升高 (P <0 0 5) ;脂肪酶活性在 5～ 1 5日龄段显著降低 ,1 5～ 45日龄段一直维持在较低水平。试验结果对斑点肉鸭饲料中营养的合理配比及外源性消化酶适时添加具有一定的指导作用     

人工饲料蛋白质含量对家蚕体内几种酶活性的影响

为探讨人工饲料蛋白质含量变化对家蚕体内酶活性的影响,自4龄起对在此之前均以市售人工饲料养的家蚕(中140号×日140号,)分别喂以高、适、低三种蛋白质含量的准合成饲料及桑叶,并用比色法测定、比较了5龄幼虫中肠,血液和消化液的海藻糖酶、蔗糖转化酶、磷酸酯酶、淀粉酶以及蛋白酶的活性。其结果,磷酸酯酶活性随饲料蛋白质含量的增加而减弱;蔗糖转化酶的活性则与之适相反。海藻糖酶的活性为高蛋白区>低蛋白区>适蛋白区;淀粉酶活性在各人工饲料区间的开差不大;蛋白酶活性为适蛋白区>高蛋白区>低蛋白质区。桑叶与准合成饲料相比较,海藻糖酶,淀粉酶和蛋白酶的活性以桑叶区为最强,蔗糖酶和磷酸酯酶在桑叶区方面未呈现最强的活性。 上述结果表明,人工饲料蛋白质含量对蚕体内酶的活性有明显的影响,影响大小因酶种类而异。饲料蛋白质含量的增加并不导致蚕体内所有酶活性的增强,亦非蛋白质含量越低,各类酶活性均随之越弱。用蛋白质含量适于生长的人工饲料饲养的家蚕,体内酶活性不都高于它种蛋白质含量的饲料饲育者;桑叶育不都高于人工饲料育者。     

“溢多利”复合酶育成蛋鸡饲养效果

“溢多利”复合酶育成蛋鸡饲养效果大连韩伟企业集团张润栋，魏建平，付海春为促进动物对饲料营养物质的消化吸收，提高饲料转化效率、获得较高经济效益，选用了溢多利复合酶进行了本试验。“溢多利”复合酶是由α－淀粉酶，中性蛋白酶、脂肪酶、纤维素酶及生长促进物质等...     

小麦基础饲料添加木聚糖酶对鲤鱼体成分及消化酶活力的影响

研究旨在观察外源添加木聚糖酶对鲤鱼体成分及消化酶活力的影响,探讨木聚糖酶促进鲤鱼生长的机理。以平均体重为(48.2±0.46)g鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)为试验对象,小麦基础饲料为对照,基础饲料中分别添加不同水平(0.05%、0.10%、0.15%)的木聚糖酶为试验饲料。每个处理设4个重复,每个重复放养50尾鲤鱼。饲喂62 d后测定鲤鱼增重率、体成分以及消化酶活力。结果表明,木聚糖酶添加组增重率较对照组分别提高22.5%、8.3%和18.9%(P<0.01);粗脂肪含量较对照组分别提高7.62%、10.17%和7.96%(P<0.01);0.05%和0.10%组钙含量较对照组分别提高8.62%和10.34%(P<0.05);3个试验组磷含量均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。试验组肝胰脏蛋白酶活力较对照组分别提高2.53%(P>0.05)、23.4%(P<0.01)和19.03%(P<0.01),试验组肝胰脏淀粉酶活力较对照组分别提高13.23%(P<0.01)、18.51%(P<0.01)和8.38%(P<0.01);试验组肝胰脏木聚糖酶和脂肪酶活力以及肠道木聚糖酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活力较对照组均有所提高。小麦基础饲料中添加木聚糖酶,可以改变鲤鱼体成分,提高肝胰脏和肠道消化酶活力,增强鲤鱼对营养物质的消化吸收,促进生长。     

复合非淀粉多糖酶制剂对肉鸡生长性能及肠道酶活性的影响

将200只21日龄罗斯肉鸡分成5个处理组:处理1组(正对照组)、处理2组(负对照组),处理3～5组在负对照组日粮基础上各添加一种商业复合非淀粉多糖酶制剂产品。测定肉鸡生长性能及42日龄肠道消化酶活性。结果显示:处理3组肉鸡的料肉比显著优于(P≤0.05)处理1、2和5组;末体重指标,处理3和4组间无显著差异(P>0.05),但显著高于处理2和5组。处理3组肉鸡十二指肠的淀粉酶以及十二指肠内容物的蛋白酶活性显著高于(P≤0.05)处理1和2组。处理4和5组肉鸡的十二指肠淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性差异不显著,但显著低于处理3组。处理3组肉鸡空肠内容物的淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性显著高于其它4个处理组。以上结果说明,选用复合NSP酶制剂应实测产品的酶种类和酶活性,以合理有效使用。     

休眠期中华鳖消化器官中主要消化酶活性分布

为研究休眠期中华鳖中主要消化器官消化酶活性,将平均体重为672.25g的4龄鳖6只,处死后取其胃、肝、肠,采用生化方法测定其胃蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶活性。结果表明,在中华鳖的胃、肝、前肠、中肠、后肠中均有胃蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶。肠中蛋白酶活性由中肠、前肠、后肠递减,前肠与中肠的酶活性没有显著差异(P>0.05);肠中脂肪酶活性较胃、肝中的高;淀粉酶活性,肠中最高,胃中次之,肝脏中最低,但在肠的不同部位淀粉酶的活性没有显著差异(P>0.05)。     

纳米载铜蒙脱石对断奶仔猪生长、消化性能及二糖酶活性的影响

取128头健康"杜长大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,每组32头。分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+3.0g/kg纳米蒙脱石(MMT)、基础日粮+3.0g/kg纳米载铜蒙脱石(MMT-Cu)及基础日粮+117mg/kgCu2+。比较研究MMT-Cu对断奶仔猪生长、消化和肠黏膜二糖酶活性的影响。结果表明:饲料中添加3.0g/kgMMT-Cu,能显著(P<0.05)提高断奶仔猪的平均日增重和饲料转化效率;显著提高饲料干物质(P<0.05)、粗蛋白(P<0.05)、粗脂肪(P<0.05)的表观消化率和十二指肠内容物中总蛋白水解酶(P<0.05)、脂肪酶(P<0.05)、淀粉酶(P<0.05)的活性。与对照组相比,添加MMT组十二指肠内容物中脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性升高显著(P<0.05)。二糖酶活性研究表明,添加3.0g/kgMMT-Cu组仔猪空肠黏膜麦芽糖酶、蔗糖酶和乳糖酶活性均显著高于(P<0.05)对照组和CuSO4组。     

不同温湿度对草地螟白僵菌的致病力影响

测试了不同温、湿度下白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)对草地螟(Loxostege sticticalis)幼虫的致病力。实验设置了17、20、23、26、29℃5个温度水平,相对湿度(95±5)%、(85±5)%、(75±5)%、(65±5)%和(55±5)%5个梯度,用浓度为1×109孢子/mL的白僵菌孢子液感染2龄的草地螟幼虫。结果表明:在温度为26℃时的致死中时(LT50)最短,死亡速度最快,死亡率最高;高于或低于此温度时,草地螟幼虫的LT50延长,死亡速度减慢。相对湿度发生变化时,草地螟幼虫死亡速度和死亡率不同。相对湿度为95%时,棉铃虫死亡速度最快,死亡率最高;相对湿度低于55%时,棉铃虫死亡率显著降低。相对湿度越高,草地螟幼虫死亡速度越快。     

Prediction of ingredient quality and the effect of a combination of xylanase, amylase, protease and phytase in the diets of broiler chicks. 1. Growth performance and digestible nutrient intake

1. A total of 2208 broiler chicks were used in two growth experiments (8 treatments and 12 replicate pens in each experiment) to assess the effects of xylanase, amylase, protease and phytase in maize-based diets. 2. A positive control diet was formulated containing adequate nutrient concentrations. A negative control diet was formulated to contain approximately 628 kJ/kg, 0.13%, 0.12% and 1 to 2% less metabolisable energy (ME), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and amino acids, respectively, than the positive control. In addition, two further negative control diets that contained 167 or 334 kJ/kg more ME, respectively, than negative control 1 were formulated. 3. A further 4 dietary treatments were made by supplementing each of the 4 negative control diets with a combination of xylanase, amylase, protease and phytase, resulting in 8 dietary treatments in a 4 by 2 factorial arrangement. 4. The scale of the removal of energy, P, Ca and amino acids from the positive control diet was determined using least square models based on in vivo data for both the xylanase/amylase/protease cocktail and for phytase and it was predicted that performance of birds fed on negative control 1 would be returned by supplemental enzymes to that of those fed on the positive control. 5. In both experiments there was a significantly poorer performance in birds fed on the negative control 1 than in those fed on the positive control. The poorer weight gain and feed conversion ratio could be attributed in part to a reduced intake of digestible energy, P, nitrogen (N) and amino acids associated with birds fed on the negative control diet. 6. Supplementation of the negative control diets with the enzyme combination returned performance to that of the positive control in both experiments. 7. These data indicate that exogenous xylanase, amylase, protease and phytase can be used successfully in a strategically formulated low nutrient density diet to maintain performance to that of birds fed on a nutritionally adequate diet.     

The effect of feeding time (day versus night) and feeding frequency on pancreatic exocrine secretion in pigs

The effect of night feeding and feeding frequency on exocrine pancreatic secretion was studied in five chronically catherized growing pigs (16 to 31 kg). Feeding during the night (2200 to 2400 h) as compared to the day (1000 to 1200 h) tended to stimulate cholesterol ester lipase activity and tended to lower the colipase : lipase ratio in the pancreatic juice, but no effect on volume output, protein output and the activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, lipase and colipase could be demonstrated. Feeding 12 small meals between 0800 and 2000 h as compared to one large meal (1000 to 1200 h) daily, altered the pattern of exocrine pancreatic secretion, tended to stimulate protein output by 44 %, chymotrypsin activity by 29 % and lipase activity by 46 %. These observations strengthened the theory that exocrine pancreatic secretion is partly regulated by feed intake per se and does not only depend on the amount of feed consumed. Feeding 12 small meals versus one large meal, compared at the same total daily feed intake, lowered the colipase : lipase ratio by 32 %. It can be concluded that feed intake pattern affected exocrine pancreatic secretion.     

温度对星斑川鲽消化酶活性的影响

通过改变酶反应过程中的温度,分析了星斑川鲽蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活性。结果表明:胃、肠和肝胰腺蛋白酶活性的最适温度为40,45,45℃;其蛋白酶活性大小顺序为胃肝胰腺肠。胃、肠和肝胰腺淀粉酶活性的最适温度为35,40,35℃;其淀粉酶活性大小顺序为肠肝胰腺胃。胃、肠和肝胰腺脂肪酶活性的最适温度为35,30,30℃;其脂肪酶活性大小顺序为肝胰腺肠胃。     

日本鳗鲡及其僵鳗消化酶活性的比较研究

本试验旨在比较不同反应温度下日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonics)及其僵鳗消化酶活性的差异.试验选取正常生长的日本鳗鲡(126.4～140.2g/尾)以及生长缓慢的僵鳗(3.5～8.6 g/尾)各20尾,取肝胰脏、胃、肠,分别在5、15、25、30、35、40、45和55℃反应温度下测定肝胰脏、胃、肠中蛋白酶、...     

Intestinal morphology, brush border and digesta enzyme activities of broilers fed on a diet containing Cu2+-loaded montmorillonite

1. A total of 320 1-d-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were used to investigate the effect of Cu(2+)-loaded montmorillonite (CM) on the growth performance, intestinal morphology and activities of brush border enzyme in the intestinal mucosa and digestive enzyme in the intestinal digesta of broilers. 2. The chicks were assigned randomly into 4 groups with 80 chicks per treatment. The 4 dietary treatments were: basal diet only (control group), basal diet + 2 g montmorillonite/kg, basal diet + 1 g CM/kg, and basal diet + 2 g CM/kg. The chicks were raised in cages and feed and water were provided ad libitum for a period of 42 d. 3. The addition of CM to the diet of broilers significantly increased body weight and feed efficiency. Similarly, birds receiving montmorillonite had higher feed efficiency than the control after 42 d of feeding. 4. Data on villus height and crypt depth for duodenum, jejunum and ileum indicated that treating the diet of broilers with either CM or montmorillonite improved the mucosal morphology of the small intestine. 5. The presence of CM in the diet of broilers significantly increased the activities of maltase, aminopeptidase N and alkaline phosphatase in small intestinal mucosa. However, the activities of protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase in small intestinal digesta of broilers fed on the CM-supplemented diet were slightly higher than control values.