外源有机酸对盐胁迫下荞麦幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

以盐敏感荞麦幼苗为试验材料,在盐胁迫下添加0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 mmol/L外源苹果酸和柠檬酸,探讨不同浓度苹果酸和柠檬酸对荞麦幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,0.6 mmol/L的苹果酸和0.8 mmol/L的柠檬酸能显著增加盐胁迫下荞麦叶片抗氧化酶活性,0.8 mmol/L的柠檬酸处理增幅最大,使荞麦叶片POD活性恢复至接近对照（空白）水平,SOD、CAT 活性显著高于对照（100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫）。外源苹果酸和柠檬酸处理的最适浓度分别为0.6 mmol/L、0.8 mmol/L。     

水杨酸对盐胁迫下沙冬青幼苗抗氧化酶活性及PSⅡ光化学效率的影响

濒危植物沙冬青Ammopiptanthus mongolicus为亚洲中部荒漠地区唯一的常绿阔叶灌木,具有较高的保护和园林绿化价值.为了解水杨酸对沙冬青在盐胁迫下的缓解作用,使用水培方法培养沙冬青幼苗,测定其在w=1.3%NaCl胁迫下经不同浓度水杨酸处理后的抗氧化酶活性、PSⅡ光化学效率及其他与植物抗性有关的生理指标的变化.结果表明,0.5 mmol.L-1水杨酸处理下,根和茎叶鲜质量比盐胁迫组分别提高了100%和85%,总叶绿素含量达到盐胁迫组的1.3倍;而1 mmol.L-1水杨酸可使根和茎叶鲜质量均提高90%,总叶绿素含量达到盐胁迫组的1.7倍.这2种浓度的水杨酸均可使叶绿素荧光参数恢复到正常对照水平.水杨酸可以显著增强超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,其中1.0 mmol.L-1水杨酸处理下叶片与根部SOD酶活性分别比盐胁迫组升高了54%和68%;POD酶活性则分别提高了80%和117%,均显著高于对照组与盐胁迫组.同时,水杨酸还抑制了过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,减少丙二醛积累,从而缓解NaCl对沙冬青的胁迫.但是水杨酸浓度过高(达到2.0 mmol.L-1),沙冬青幼苗生长即受到抑制,各项生理指标均低于单纯盐胁迫下的幼苗.综合各项生理指标,水杨酸1 mmol.L-1的施用效果优于0.5 mmol.L-1.     

Nucleic Acid Metabolism,Proline Concentration and Antioxidants Enzyme Activity in Canola （Brassica nupus L.） Under Salinity Stress

Seedling of five canola genotypes, Hyola 308, Hyola 401, Hyola 60, Option 50 and RGS003, were grown in Hoagland nutrient solution containing S1 = 0, S2 = 100, S3 = 200 and S4 = 300 mmol L-1 NaCl in controlled environment. Proline, antioxidant activities like catalase （CAT）, ascobrate peroxidase （APX） and guaiacol peroxidase （GPX） and some enzyme activities of nucleic acid metabolism were determined in shoot and root 20 days after induction of salinity stress. Results showed application of stress significantly affected plant growth components such as fresh （FW） and dry weight （DW） of canola genotypes. Among the genotypes, RGS003 had the highest reduction of FW and DW in S3 treatment. By increasing NaCl levels from 0 to 300 mmol L-1, the activity of two antioxidant enzymes （APX and CAT） in shoot and root increased but GPX in all of genotypes decreased. The increase in salinity stress, increased proline concentration in both root and shoot tissues of canola genotypes. Hyola 401 genotype had the maximum concentration of proline in root and shoot in S3 treatment. Along with increased salinity stress in all of the studied plants, salinity significantly increased the level of the total nucleic acid and the activity of DNase I in all of salinity treatments and at the S3 level, RGS003 had the maximum concentration of nucleolytic enzyme.     

盐胁迫对玉米幼苗叶片光合荧光和抗氧化酶活性的影响

以玉米品种B73幼苗为试验材料,研究盐胁迫对其光合荧光和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明:低浓度的盐胁迫(100 mmol/L)对玉米幼苗叶片的光合效率影响不大,但是高浓度的盐胁迫(200 mmol/L以上)对玉米幼苗叶片的光合效率影响明显,且随着时间的延长不断加剧。同时,体内叶片抗氧化酶的活性变化同光合作用成正相关,说明在盐胁迫情况下,玉米幼苗可以通过启动抗氧化酶的活性来应答盐胁迫。此外,在应答盐胁迫时,玉米幼苗体内抗氧化保护酶系统(SOD、POD、CAT)活性会呈现出先升高后降低的趋势。     

盐胁迫对2种春小麦新品种的萌发及相关酶活性的影响

[目的]探究小麦种子萌发期间对盐胁迫的耐受性以及响应方式。[方法]采用5种浓度的Na Cl溶液处理萌发期的2种春小麦种子,研究盐胁迫对小麦种子的萌发以及萌发期间过氧化物酶类活性的影响。[结果]盐胁迫对小麦种子的萌发有抑制作用,低盐浓度对种子的萌发率影响不明显,但对发芽势影响显著;小麦种子萌发期间的过氧化物酶类活性明显受到盐胁迫的抑制。各指标显示,相同浓度盐胁迫条件下,陇春30号小麦种子的萌发效果略好于陇春27号。[结论]为筛选小麦的耐盐品种以及种子的选育工作提供了依据。     

盐胁迫下外源SA对菊花体内离子含量和净光合速率的影响

【目的】研究盐胁迫下外源SA对菊花植株的耐盐响应机理。【方法】采用SA叶面喷施法,研究NaCl胁迫下外源SA对菊花根、叶片和叶绿体中Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+含量及叶片净光合速率的影响。【结果】NaCl处理的菊花根系、叶片和叶绿体中Na+的含量与对照相比均显著增加,而K+、Ca2+、Mg2+的含量均显著减少。在盐胁迫第10天时,SA+NaCl处理的菊花根系K+、Ca2+、Mg2+含量与NaCl处理相比,分别增加37.70%、16.44%和20.54%,而Na+含量则减少27.13%。SA+NaCl处理的菊花叶片K+、Ca2+、Mg2+含量与NaCl处理相比,分别增加56.52%、53.23%和87.53%,而Na+含量则减少53.41%,叶片Pn也增加40.74%。SA+NaCl处理的菊花叶片叶绿体中K+、Ca2+、Mg2+含量与NaCl处理相比,分别增加67.97%、79.40%和89.32%,而Na+含量则减少76.06%。与NaCl处理相比,SA+NaCl处理时,根系、叶片和叶绿体中的SK, Na、SCa, Na和SMg,Na均显著增加。相关性分析表明,Pn与Na+具有显著的负相关性;而与K+、Ca2+、Mg2+显著正相关。【结论】盐胁迫下外源SA可以通过调节菊花体内对K+、Ca2+、Mg2+的选择性吸收和运输,缓解盐胁迫对菊花植株的伤害程度。     

外源水杨酸对盐胁迫下丝瓜幼苗生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响

以丝瓜为材料,采用营养液水培方法研究了水杨酸对盐胁迫下丝瓜幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响,结果表明:盐胁迫显著抑制丝瓜幼苗的生长,0.1 mmol/L水杨酸可以缓解盐胁迫对丝瓜生长的影响,改善丝瓜生长状况。外源水杨酸可能通过调节丝瓜抗氧化酶活性,缓解活性氧的积累,达到提高丝瓜对盐胁迫的反应,从而促进丝瓜生长的作用。     

盐胁迫对草莓苗细胞伤害和抗氧化系统酶活性的影响

以“红颜”草莓为试验材料,研究了不同浓度NaCl胁迫,对草莓形态指标、质膜透性、MDA含量、SOD活性、POD活性和CAT活性的影响。结果表明：随着NaCl胁迫浓度的增加,草莓叶面积、根长、发根数和根体积显著减少,质膜透性增高,MDA含量增加,SOD活性、POD活性和CAT活性均呈现先增加后降低的趋势。     

水杨酸对盐胁迫下西瓜产量和品质的影响

为了更好地利用化学诱抗剂缓解盐分障碍以提高西瓜产量和品质,采用大棚小区随机区组法,以西瓜品种京欣1号为试验材料,研究水杨酸对盐胁迫下西瓜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:水杨酸的处理浓度为1mmol·L-1时,小区平均产量、可溶性蛋白、可溶性总糖、维生素C含量最高,并且西瓜果实的总酸度含量呈现出不同的变化趋势。说明抗逆诱导物质提高了西瓜产量,改变了西瓜果实的可溶性蛋白、可溶性总糖、总酸度的含量和糖酸比,从而改善了西瓜的品质。     

水杨酸和葡萄糖对盐胁迫下玉米种子萌发的缓解作用

以250 mmol/L NaCl胁迫模拟盐渍化土壤中盐分胁迫状况,研究水杨酸、葡萄糖对盐胁迫条件下玉米种子萌发的影响.结果表明,不同浓度的水杨酸和葡萄糖均能够提高盐分胁迫下玉米种子的发芽率、活力指数和发芽指数,其中水杨酸和葡萄糖的浓度为0.15g/L时效果最佳.     

盐胁迫下不同浓度水杨酸对辣椒种子萌发及苗期生长的影响

本文采用不同浓度(0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5mmoL/L)的水杨酸溶液处理盐胁迫(9g/L)下的辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)种子,旨在研究水杨酸对盐胁迫下辣椒种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。试验结果表明:0.3mmoL/L的水杨酸和(9g/L)NaCL处理下的辣椒种子的发芽势和发芽率最高;处理下的幼苗的根系活力、叶绿素含量亦最高。认为低浓度(0.3mmoL/L)水杨酸溶液对盐胁迫下辣椒种子的萌发和幼苗的生长有促进作用。     

盐胁迫对芦苇愈伤组织抗氧化酶活性及脯氨酸含量的影响

[目的]探讨芦苇愈伤组织对盐胁迫的生理响应。[方法]以2种芦苇沙芦和水芦愈伤组织为试材,将其置于添加不同浓度NaCl的培养基进行胁迫处理,13 d后测定各项生理指标。[结果]50 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下水芦愈伤组织的细胞活力、TBARS以及活性氧含量均明显增加,而沙芦愈伤组织的则比对照略有降低;300 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下2种芦苇愈伤组织中TBARS与活性氧含量均有所增加;50和300mmol/L NaCl处理下水芦愈伤组织内脯氨酸含量增加,而沙芦愈伤组织的虽在50 mmol/L NaCl处理下降低,但在300 mmol/L NaCl处理下则远远高于水芦愈伤组织的;300 mmol/L NaCl处理下沙芦愈伤组织的4种抗氧化酶活性均显著升高,而水芦愈伤组织的SOD和POD活性虽有所增加,但增幅不如沙芦愈伤组织的。[结论]沙芦愈伤组织具有更强的耐盐性。     

盐胁迫对榅桲种子萌发率、成苗率和酶活性的影响

以新疆苹果型榅桲成熟种子为试材,探讨了Na2SO4和NaCl两种盐胁迫对木日皿木孛种子萌芽率、成苗率、SOD、POD、CAT酶活性的影响,结果显示:随着两种盐浓度的增大,发芽率和成苗率均呈下降趋势;NaCl胁迫时,SOD、CAT活性均随着盐浓度的增大呈先上升后下降趋势,POD活性呈上升趋势;Na2SO4 胁迫时,随着盐浓度的增大,POD、 CAT活性呈先上升后下降趋势,SOD活性呈降低趋势.不同种类盐胁迫下,木日皿木孛种子的耐盐机制不同.     

盐胁迫条件下氨基酸对荞麦幼苗生理特性的效应

以荞麦(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)盐敏感品种川荞3号和耐盐品种川荞4号为试验材料,研究盐胁迫条件下外源谷氨酸和天冬氨酸处理对荞麦幼苗生理特性的影响。结果表明,适当浓度的谷氨酸和天冬氨酸处理可明显降低盐胁迫条件下荞麦叶片质膜透性和MDA含量,其中以盐敏感品种降低较多;并显著增加盐胁迫条件下荞麦叶片的SOD和CAT活性,天冬氨酸处理效果好于谷氨酸处理效果,使耐盐品种荞麦叶片的SOD和CAT活性恢复至对照水平。说明适当浓度的谷氨酸和天冬氨酸处理可明显提高荞麦幼苗的耐盐性,谷氨酸和天冬氨酸处理最适浓度分别为60μmol/L和40μmol/L。     

水杨酸对盐胁迫下大白菜种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响

为了探明水杨酸(SA)对盐胁迫下大白菜种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响,在200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,研究了不同浓度SA处理下大白菜种子发芽率和幼苗叶片保护酶活性的变化。结果表明:1.0mmmol/LSA处理能够提高盐胁迫条件下大白菜种子萌发的数量、速度和质量,并提高大白菜幼苗叶片保护酶的活性,这些变化都有利于缓解盐害,提高大白菜的抗盐性。     

盐胁迫对水稻幼苗类囊体膜脂肪酸组分的影响(英文)

[Objective] The aim of the study is to understand the changes of fatty acid composition of rice thylakoid membrane under salt stress.[Method] Under salt stress of different concentrations of NaCl,rice seedlings of Pokkali and Peta with six leaves and one central leaf were used as experimental materials to extract the fatty acid from their thylakoid membranes,and gas chromatograph(1890)was used to analyze fatty acid composition.[Result] Fatty acid component 14∶0,18∶0,16∶1(3t),18∶1 in both the two experimental materials showed little variations in the first four days of salt stress,whereafter they increased slightly;while the fatty acid component 16∶0 and level of saturation of fatty acid(LSFA)showed the similar variation trend in the first four days of treatment compared to those of the fatty acid components mentioned above,whereafter they rose in Pokkali and presented an opposite variation trend in Peta;fatty acid component 18∶3 and level of unsaturation of fatty acid(LUFA)reduced all the time under stress condition,and the reducing amplitude in 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment group was smaller than that of 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment group,and in Pokkali was smaller than that in Peta under specific conditions.Meanwhile,level of saturation of fatty acid in both experimental materials increased,and the rising amplitude in Peta was smaller than that of Pokkali.[Conclusion] With regard to LUFA,Pokkali is endowed with more salt tolerance than Peta.     

盐胁迫对水稻幼苗类囊体膜脂肪酸组分的影响(英文)

[Objective] The aim of the study is to understand the changes of fatty acid composition of rice thylakoid membrane under salt stress.[Method] Under salt stress of different concentrations of NaCl,rice seedlings of Pokkali and Peta with six leaves and one central leaf were used as experimental materials to extract the fatty acid from their thylakoid membranes,and gas chromatograph(1890)was used to analyze fatty acid composition.[Result] Fatty acid component 14∶0,18∶0,16∶1(3t),18∶1 in both the two experimental materials showed little variations in the first four days of salt stress,whereafter they increased slightly;while the fatty acid component 16∶0 and level of saturation of fatty acid(LSFA)showed the similar variation trend in the first four days of treatment compared to those of the fatty acid components mentioned above,whereafter they rose in Pokkali and presented an opposite variation trend in Peta;fatty acid component 18∶3 and level of unsaturation of fatty acid(LUFA)reduced all the time under stress condition,and the reducing amplitude in 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment group was smaller than that of 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment group,and in Pokkali was smaller than that in Peta under specific conditions.Meanwhile,level of saturation of fatty acid in both experimental materials increased,and the rising amplitude in Peta was smaller than that of Pokkali.[Conclusion] With regard to LUFA,Pokkali is endowed with more salt tolerance than Peta.     

Effects of Salt Stress on Fatty Acid Composition of Thylakoid Membrane of Two Rice Cultivars Differing in Salt Tolerance

[Objective] The aim of the study is to understand the changes of fatty acid composition of rice thylakoid membrane under salt stress.[Method] Under salt stress of different concentrations of NaCl,rice seedlings of Pokkali and Peta with six leaves and one central leaf were used as experimental materials to extract the fatty acid from their thylakoid membranes,and gas chromatograph(1890)was used to analyze fatty acid composition.[Result] Fatty acid component 14∶0,18∶0,16∶1(3t),18∶1 in both the two experimental materials showed little variations in the first four days of salt stress,whereafter they increased slightly;while the fatty acid component 16∶0 and level of saturation of fatty acid(LSFA)showed the similar variation trend in the first four days of treatment compared to those of the fatty acid components mentioned above,whereafter they rose in Pokkali and presented an opposite variation trend in Peta;fatty acid component 18∶3 and level of unsaturation of fatty acid(LUFA)reduced all the time under stress condition,and the reducing amplitude in 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment group was smaller than that of 100 mmol/L NaCl treatment group,and in Pokkali was smaller than that in Peta under specific conditions.Meanwhile,level of saturation of fatty acid in both experimental materials increased,and the rising amplitude in Peta was smaller than that of Pokkali.[Conclusion] With regard to LUFA,Pokkali is endowed with more salt tolerance than Peta.     

盐胁迫下苯丙烯酸对黄瓜幼苗生理特性的影响

以特选山东密刺黄瓜品种为材料,研究了盐胁迫下,苯丙烯酸对黄瓜幼苗生理特性的影响及其施用的最佳时期和最适浓度。结果表明,苯丙烯酸能够相对提高盐分胁迫条件下黄瓜幼苗叶片的相对含水量和叶绿素含量,降低叶片细胞的质膜透性,缓解对细胞膜的伤害,抑制膜质过氧化产物丙二醛的积累,同时提高幼苗体内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶等细胞保护酶的活性,从而提高黄瓜对盐胁迫的适应性。两叶一心期为苯丙烯酸的最佳处理时期,50μmol.L-1苯丙烯酸为最适处理浓度。