Pharmacokinetics of Flunixin Meglumine After Intravenous and Intramuscular Administration in Pigs

Pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine （FM） was investigated in 14 healthy pigs following single intravenous （i.v.） and intramuscular （i.m.） administration of the drug at the dosage of 2.2 and 1.1 mg kg-1. Blood samples were collected at different intervals after administration, and concentrations of FM were determined by HPLC method with a limit of detection of 0.1μg mL-1. The FM concentration-time data were fitted to a two-compartment open model after single i.v. dosing in pigs. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows： tl/2a, 0.49 ± 0.03 and 0.58±0.07 h; tl/2β, 6.28±0.13 and 7.37 ±0.59 h; V/F, 0.01 ±0.001 and 0.01 ±0.002 L kg-1; CL, 0.01 ± 0.002 and 0.01 ± 0.002 L h-l; AUC, 237.73 ± 52.46 and 147.71 ± 36.76μg h-1 mL-1. The drug concentration-time data were fitted to a two-compartment model with first-order absorption after single i.m. administration in pigs. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows： t1/2α, 0.90± 0.07 and 0.86±0.10 h; t1/2β, 8.79±0.85 and 9.60±0.10 h; V/F, 0.02±0.004 and 0.02±0.003 L kg-1; CL, 0.01±0.002 and 0.01 ±0.003 L h-l; AUC, 174.63 ± 45.84 and 112.42 ± 31.19 pg h-1 mL 1. The results of the present study showed that FM was rapidly absorbed, extensively distributed, and slowly eliminated in pigs. The drug was completely absorbed after single i.m. administration and a good bioavailability in pigs.     

小型猪复合麻醉剂对小型猪部分心肺指标及血浆内皮素和降钙素基因相关肽含量的影响

 【目的】研究小型猪复合麻醉剂对小型猪血浆内皮素(endothelin, ET)和降钙素基因相关肽(calcitonin gene related peptide, CGRP)含量及部分心肺指标的影响。【方法】14头实验用小型猪肌肉注射小型猪复合麻醉剂0.15 mL•kg-1,并在注药前及注药后5、10、30、45、60、80、100、120 min分别进行无创血压和心率(heart rate, HR)的监测并同步采取前腔静脉血样。采用放射性免疫分析法测定小型猪血浆中ET和CGRP的含量,并分析他们之间的相关性。【结果】无创血压、HR主要是在注药后5-10 min及80 min时变化明显(P＜0.01或P＜0.05)。ET与血压的变化趋势大致相似,且它们之间存在着一定的相关性(P＜0.05);CGRP与血压的变化趋势相反,呈一定的负相关性(P＜0.05)。【结论】ET和CGRP共同参与了小型猪复合麻醉剂引起的小型猪血流动力学变化过程,ET和CGRP的变化可能是小型猪复合麻醉及引起小型猪血压发生变化的主要原因之一。     

泰妙菌素混悬注射液在猪体内的药物动力学及生物利用度研究

 【目的】 研究并比较泰妙菌素混悬注射液和泰妙菌素注射液在猪体内的药物代谢动力学特征及生物利用度。【方法】 7头健康猪,按随机拉丁方设计,进行单次给药剂量(10 mg•kg-1 b.w)静注、肌注泰妙菌素注射液和肌注泰妙菌素注射混悬液,高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定猪血浆中泰妙菌素的浓度,罗红霉素作为内标,3P97药动学计算软件处理血浆药物浓度－时间数据。【结果】 猪静注给药的药时数据符合无吸收三室开放模型,主要药动学参数为：t1/2β为2.04±0.23 h,t1/2α为0.39±0.06 h,t1/2π为0.12±0.04 h,Vd 为8.73±1.83 L•kg-1,AUC为3.78±0.52μg•mL-1•h-1,ClB为2.99±0.43 L•kg-1•h-1)。猪肌注泰妙菌素注射液的药时数据符合一级吸收二室开放模型,主要的药物动力学参数分别为：t1/2Ka(0.06±0.01)h,t1/2β(3.67±0.41)h,Tmax(0.18±0.03)h,Cmax(1.32±0.25)μg•mL-1,AUC(2.62±0.21)μg•mL-1•h-1,生物利用度为73.51%。猪肌注泰妙菌素混悬液的药时数据则符合一级吸收一室开放模型,主要的药物动力学参数为：t1/2Ka(0.04±0.01)h,t1/2Ke(2.90±0.43)h,Tmax(0.27±0.03)h,Cmax(0.7±0.11)μg•mL-1,AUC(2.80±0.35)μg•mL-1•h-1,生物利用度为75.73%。t检验比较肌注泰妙菌素注射液和泰妙菌素注射混悬液的主要药动学参数,结果表明,两者除达峰浓度Cmax有显著差异外,AUC、t1/2Ka、Tmax、t1/2Ke和生物利用度均无显著性差异。【结论】泰妙菌素注射混悬液肌注后在猪体内具有吸收迅速,体内分布广,达峰迅速,消除较快的药动学特征。     

大豆异黄酮对雄性香猪生殖器官发育及组织生化指标的影响

研究大豆异黄酮(soybean isoflavones,SI)对雄性香猪生长性能、生殖器官发育及睾丸、附睾组织生化指标的影响。用单因子设计,将50头健康的28d雄性香猪随机分成5个处理,1～4组分别在基础日粮中添加0、125、250和500mg·kg-1水平的SI,第5组添加0.5mg·kg-1水平的己烯雌酚,饲养期60d,饲养结束后每组随机选择5头猪屠宰,记录生殖器官质量,并取睾丸、附睾样分析组织生化指标。结果发现,各添加水平的SI对香猪的生长性能均没有显著影响(P>0.05)。250mg·kg-1添加水平的SI较空白组显著增加了香猪的睾丸指数,降低了其前列腺和精囊腺指数(P<0.05),而500mg·kg-1SI组极显著降低了香猪的睾丸和附睾指数(P<0.05)。和空白组相比,日粮中添加各水平的SI极显著增加了香猪睾丸组织α-葡糖糖苷酶含量(P<0.01);500mg·kg-1 SI组极显著增加了睾丸组织乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量和附睾组织肉毒碱、α-葡糖糖苷酶含量(P<0.01);250mg·kg-1 SI组显著降低了附睾组织谷酰转肽酶(GGT)含量,且增加了睾丸组织的丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05);125mg·kg-1 SI组显著降低了附睾组织GGT含量(P<0.05)。和己烯雌酚组相比,500mg·kg-1 SI组香猪睾丸组织的GGT(P<0.05)和LDH(P<0.01)含量均提高;250mg·kg-1 SI组猪附睾组织GGT含量极显著降低(P<0.01),睾丸组织MDA含量升高(P<0.05);而125mg·kg-1 SI组附睾组织GGT、α-葡糖糖苷酶、肉毒碱含量极显著降低(P<0.01),果糖含量显著降低(P<0.05)。由此可知,在日粮中添加不同剂量的大豆异黄酮会对环江香猪的生殖器官发育和组织生化指标产生不同的影响,这些变化均与大豆异黄酮的剂量有关,其对雄性生殖系统产生副作用的阈剂量可能在250～500mg·kg-1之间。     

盐酸林可霉素-硫酸大观霉素混悬注射液在猪体内的药动学研究

8头健康猪按体质量单次深部肌内注射盐酸林可霉素-硫酸大观霉素(5 mg.kg-1林可霉素,10 mg·kg-1大观霉素)混悬注射液后,用高效液相色谱法分别测定林可霉素和大观霉素的血药浓度,使用非房室统计矩分析方法处理得到血药浓度-时间数据.林可霉素主要药动学参数分别为:ke=(0.21±0.01)h-1;t1/2β=(3.38±0.09)h;tmax=(0.29±0.02)h;Cmax=(5.15±0.18)μg·mL-1;AUC0～LOQ=(10.27±0.38)μg·mL-1.h;MRT=(3.52±0.11)h;ClB/F=(0.46±0.01)L·h-1·kg-1;VZ/F=(2.26±0.12)L·kg-1.大观霉素主要药动学参数分别为:ke=(0.43±0.01)h-1;t1/2β=(1.64±0.06)h;tmax=(0.44±0.03)h;Cmax=(20.05±0.70)μg·mL-1;AUC0～LOQ=(51.82±0.98)μg·mL-1·h;MRT=(2.39±0.04)h;ClB/F=(0.19±0.01)L·h-1·kg-1;VZ/F=(0.46±0.02)L·kg-1.结果表明,肌内注射盐酸林可霉素-硫酸大观霉素混悬注射液后,两药均迅速吸收并快速消除,但后者吸收稍慢,消除较快.     

恩诺沙星微囊在猪体内的药物动力学

为了给兽医临床合理用药提供依据,分析恩诺沙星微囊(Enrofloxacin Microcapsules,EM)和恩诺沙星原粉(Enrofloxacin,ENR)在猪体内的药物代谢动力学过程。猪单剂量分别灌服EM和ENR30mg.kg-1,72h内16次前腔静脉采血,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定猪血浆中ENR的质量浓度。结果表明,6头猪灌服EM和ENR后,其药动学配置均符合有吸收因素二室药代动力学模型。最佳药时曲线方程为ρ(EM)=11.326 3e-0.353 8t+5.420 6e-0.066 1t-16.746 9e-0.979 8t和ρ(ENR)=11.251 1e-0.934 7t+5.330 1e-0.079 9t-16.581 2e-2.965 7t。恩诺沙星微囊在猪体内的吸收相半衰期(t1/2ka)为(0.769 5±0.250 9)h,分布相半衰期(t1/2a)为(2.160 3±0.704 1)h,消除相半衰期(t1/2β)为(10.522 4±0.719 5)h,药时曲线下面积(AUC)为(92.924 3±5.308 4)mg.L-1.h。说明恩诺沙星微囊在猪体内吸收迅速,消除相对较慢。     

泰拉霉素注射液在猪体内的药物动力学及生物利用度研究

 【目的】 研究并比较新型大环内酯类抗生素泰拉霉素注射液和瑞可新注射液在猪体内的药物代谢动力学特征及生物利用度。【方法】 30头健康猪,随机分为3组,进行单次给药剂量(2.5mg?kg-1)静注、肌注泰拉霉素注射液和肌注瑞可新注射液,前腔静脉采血,HPLC-ESI-MS/MS法检测猪血浆中泰拉霉素的浓度,罗红霉素做内标。采用药动学软件 WinnonlinTM 的非房室模型分析方法,计算出有关药物动力学参数。【结果】 猪静注给药的药时数据符合非房室模型,静脉注射给药后,血浆清除率为158.3mL?kg-1?h-1,稳态表观分布容积为14.9L?kg-1,消除半衰期为65.8h。肌注泰拉霉素注射液(河南惠中)和肌注瑞可新注射液(美国辉瑞)后,吸收迅速,注射给药后15min,血药浓度达峰值,Cmax 分别为839.22ng?mL-1、746.31ng?mL-1。血浆中平均消除半衰期分别为70.3h和65.1h;采用统计分析软件Excel 2003和SPSS 16.0分析各项药动学参数,均没有显著性差异(P＞0.05),表明两者药动学特征相似。与瑞可新注射液(美国辉瑞)相比,国产的泰拉霉素注射液,相对生物利用度为117%,绝对生物利用度为112%,说明肌注给药吸收较完全,消除缓慢,生物利用度高。【结论】泰拉霉素肌注后在猪体内具有吸收迅速,体内分布广,达峰迅速,消除较慢,与肌注瑞可新注射液(辉瑞)药动学特征相似。     

仔猪口服利巴韦林毒性实验研究

【目的】探讨口服不同剂量利巴韦林对猪的毒性作用。【方法】选用12头(15.2±1.5)kg二元杂交仔猪,随机分为空白对照组,每千克体重利巴韦林10、30、90mg口服试验组。连续10d给药,详细观察各组的临床表现,动态检测血细胞、血清、尿液、骨髓造血功能及肝功各项理化指标的变化,最后放血致死剖检,并取材进行病理组织学检查。【结果】仔猪按10mg·kg-1体重口服利巴韦林虽然有一定的临床表现,但无明显的中毒病变;中、高剂量(30、90mg·kg-1体重)的利巴韦林口服对猪的毒副作用明显,甚至导致急性死亡,利巴韦林对各组织器官表现泛嗜毒性,血液、骨髓、消化道、胰腺、心、肝、肾、脑均表现明显的组织学病变。其中溶血性贫血是猪中毒发病的主要机制,胃肠道卡他性坏死性炎症及胰腺病变是猪急性厌食、食欲废绝、便秘的主要原因所在。【结论】猪口服利巴韦林尤其是中、高剂量会产生明显的毒副作用,甚至会引起中毒死亡,因此,严禁利巴韦林用于猪病的防治。     

饲料铜水平对生长猪部分生化指标的影响

使用硫酸铜作为铜源，在生长猪饲料中添加铜，对照组铜添加浓度为0mg/kg，试验各组铜添加浓度为100、150、200、250和300mg/kg。试验开始时采血，之后每隔20d采血一次。测定有关血液生化指标。试验结果如下：试验组平均血清尿素氮(SUNO在20、40、60和80d时，分别降低10．3％、12．0％、9．7％和5．6％；60d时200和250mg/kg铜组降幅分别达8．7％(P＜0．01)和8．4％(P＜0．05)。总蛋白(TP)和白蛋白(ALB)试验组比对照组均有不同程度提高，TP在40、60和80d时分别提高5．4％、7．2％和3．2％；从翻在20、40、60和80d时分别提高14．6％、15．5％、16．9％和0．23％。甘油三脂(TG3)、胆固酵(CH)、采食量未见有显著性变化(P＞0．05)。本试验结果表明：日粮铜水平对血液相关生化指标的影响随饲料铜浓度的差异呈现明显的阶段性差异，其差异的显著性与铜的促生长效应基本是一致的。     

类猪圆环病毒因子P1感染对猪红细胞的影响

探讨类猪圆环病毒因子P1感染后,广西巴马小型猪发生贫血的类型,推断贫血发生的原因。12头30日龄的猪随机分成两组,每组6头,试验组经腹股沟淋巴结途径接种P1分子克隆。采用自动血液分析仪对接种后3d、8d、17d、24d、31d及40d猪的外周血进行红细胞各参数检测。统计分析结果显示P1感染后,与对照组相比,红细胞参数之间无差异的指标有RBC、HGB、HCT、MCV和MCHC等5项,而MCH在接种后17d明显降低,而RDW在31d增高明显。可见,猪感染类猪圆环病毒因子P1可导致小细胞低血色素性贫血。     

隆朋-氟哌利多-芬太尼-咪达唑仑复合对猫麻醉效果及心肺功能影响研究

试验选用隆朋(4 mg.kg-1)-氟哌利多(0.4 mg.kg-1)-芬太尼(2μg.kg-1)-咪达唑仑(0.2 mg.kg-1)复合对猫进行一次性肌肉给药,观察复合制剂对猫的麻醉效果,并检测其对猫心肺功能的影响。结果表明,该复合制剂对猫的麻醉效果确实,但其存在镇痛时间短、对呼吸系统具有明显的抑制作用等缺点,可根据临床实际需要选用。     

Pharmacokinetics of Milbemycin Oxime in Dogs Following Its Intravenous and Oral Administration

The pharmacokinetics of milbemycin oxime was investigated in dogs following oral(per os, PO) and intravenous(IV) administration. Three groups of dogs received milbemycin oxime tablets as a single PO dose equal to 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg · kg-1 of milbemycin oxime, respectively, another group received a single IV dose of 0.5 mg · kg-1. Blood samples were collected at predetermined times after drug administration and the milbemycin oxime concentrations in plasma were determined by LC-MS/MS. The drug protein binding in dog plasma in vitro was determined by equilibrium dialysis at concentrations spanning the range of values observed in vivo in dog plasma. After PO administration at doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg · kg-1, milbemycin oxime was slowly absorbed and eliminated, the time to reach the maximum plasma concentration(Tmax) was 4.14±0.20, 4.27±0.14 and 4.06±0.13 h, the mean absorption time(MAT) was 19.06, 13.67 and 11.77 h, the terminal rate half-life(t1/2λz) was 15.06±0.37, 11.09±0.54 and 9.76±0.89 h and the total body clearance(Cl) was 1.15±0.05, 1.18±0.03 and 1.17±0.07 m L · min-1 · kg-1, respectively. The maximum plasma concentration(Cmax, 36.50±1.40, 76.11±2.77 and 182.05±7.20 ng · m L-1, respectively) and the area under the first-moment curve(AUC-10→∞, 985.83±49.46, 1 663.12±51.42 and 3 558.04±197.88 mg · h · L, respectively) increased accordingly to the administered dose rates; the oral bioavailabilities were estimated to be 88.61%, 74.75% and 79.96%, respectively. The values of fu were 0.12%, 0.14% and 0.13% in dog plasma, respectively. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics of milbemycin oxime in dogs following oral administration revealed its higher oral bioavailability and advantageous pharmacokinetic properties, such as its lower total body clearance and longer elimination half-life, and indicated that the single oral dose of 0.50 mg · kg-1 of milbemycin oxime which was recommended in all the parasitological efficacy studies allowed an adequate concentration of the drug.     

甜菜碱和苜蓿皂甙对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

选用断奶28日龄的三江白猪54头,按试验要求分成9组,每组6头。在玉米-豆粕型日粮基础上分别添加甜菜碱(0,800,1000mg·kg-1)和苜蓿皂甙(0,1500,2500mg·kg-1),对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验期28d。比较添加甜菜碱和苜蓿皂甙对断奶仔猪的平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)、料重比(F/G)的影响。结果表明,甜菜碱组与复合添加组对断奶仔猪日增重(ADG)、日采食量(ADFI)、料重比(F/G)有显著影响(p0.05),其中添加800mg·kg-1甜菜碱+2500mg·kg-1苜蓿皂甙复合添加效果最佳。     

洛克沙胂在鸡体内的药物动力学和生物利用度研究

50日龄健康岭南三黄肉鸡24只随机分为2组,雌雄各半.分别进行单剂量(10 mg.kg-1)静注和内服洛克沙胂的药物动力学(简称药动学)研究.以反相高效液相色谱法测定血浆中洛克沙胂质量浓度,采用WinNonlin 5.2药动学软件的非房室模型统计矩原理分析药物质量浓度-时间数据.鸡静注给药后主要药动学参数为:t1/2β=(2.37±0.11)h,Vz=(5.29±0.37)L.kg-1,AUC0-∞=(6.55±0.28)mg.L-1.h,CL=(1.56±0.07)L.h-1.kg-1.内服给药的主要药动学参数为:t1/2β=(3.02±0.08)h,tmax=(1.00±0.07)h,Cmax=(1.09±0.08)mg.L-1,AUC0-∞=(2.30±0.10)mg.L-1.h,MRT=(2.44±0.13)h,F=(35.28±1.0)%.洛克沙胂在鸡体内的药动学特征表现:静注分布较为广泛,消除迅速;内服给药后,吸收较快但不完全,生物利用度较低.     

甲磺酸达氟沙星在鲫体内药物动力学及残留研究

 【目的】研究甲磺酸达氟沙星(Danofloxacin mesylate, DFM)在鲫体内的药物动力学和残留消除规律。【方法】在试验水温20℃时，鲫以10 mg·kg-1 b.w的剂量单次经口灌服甲磺酸达氟沙星后，用液－液提取、反相高效液相色谱法（RP-HPLC）测定血浆和组织中DFM的浓度。盐酸氧氟沙星做为内标。房室模型分析表明，其药物时间数据符合有吸收二室模型，吸收、分布迅速，但消除缓慢，半衰期（T1/2 Ka 、T1/2α、T1/2β）分别为0.63、4.96、47.79 h，最大血药浓度（Cmax）为3.23 ?g·ml-1，达峰时间（TP）为2.73 h，药时曲线下面积（AUC）为154 ?g·h·ml-1。非房室模型分析表明，平均滞留时间（Mean Residence Time, MRT）为58.56 h。【结果】组织中药物浓度在测定时间里均显著高于血浆（P＜s0.05），消除快慢依次为肾脏、肝胰脏、血浆、肌肉和皮肤，其消除半衰期分别为33、44、48、51、177 h。与其它组织相比皮肤消除最慢，建议其作为DFM在鲫体内的残留靶组织。在20℃时, 皮肤以100 ?g·kg-1为最高残留限量（maximum residue limit, MRL）建议休药期不低于23 d。     

Studies on the Injectable Solution of Colistin Sulfate and Its Pharmacokinetics

The present studies were conducted to compose an injectable solution of colistin sulfate containing local anaesthesia, antioxidant and other additions. Results showed that the novel preparation was stable either to heat or to light. The term of validity of the preparation was 2 years at room temperature.The preparation containing 25.0 mg ml-1 colistin sulfate showed no local tissue irritation, but the concentration of 50. 0 mg ml-1 colistin sulfate showed obvious local tissue irritation. Result of acute toxicity test showed that the LD50 of intramuscular injection in mice was 38. 72 mg kg-1 , and oral LD50 was 431.39 mg kg-1. The evidence of neurotoxicity was observed in mice in the acute toxicity test. A dose of 10.0 mg kg-1 b.w. or 15:0 mg kg-1 b.w. was administered intramuscularly to piglet once daily for 5 days. No changes were detected in the piglet body except for the slight epithelial tissue's granular degenerations in the kidney and liver at the dose of the 10. 0 mg kg-1. While at the dose of 15.0 mg kg-1 , the obvious neurotoxicity was observed at 4 - 5 days. The epithelial tissues in the kidney and liver showed moderate granular degenerations, especially in the tubuli renales cells. Blood cell's morphosis indexes were normal. With relation to liver's function, the indexes went beyond the normal scope. But with relation to kidney's function, the indexes showed mostly normal.When the preparation was separately administered into muscle(i. m. ) in piglets with the dose of 2.5 and 5.0 mg kg-1 b. w, whose Cmax were 3.73±0. 28 and 6. 40±0. 18 μg ml-1; Tmax were 32±1.5 and 34±1.8min;t1/2β were 256±14 min and 264±29 min, respectively. t1/2β was 251±13 min for the injection given into aural vein(i. v. ) with the dose of 2.5 mg kg-1 b.w.. Samples of the experimentally determined plasma concentration of colistin sulfate generated two-exponential model with first-order absorption. The mean absolute bioavailability coefficient of 2.5 and 5.0 mg kg-1 b. w. (i. m. ) were 98. 30 and 88.54%, respectively. The high bioavailability and the long maintaining time of the valid blood-drug concentration showed that the injectable solution was suitable for i.m. in pigs, whose recommended dose was 2.5 mg kg-1 b. w., twice daily.     

氟苯尼考颗粒与氟苯尼考粉在猪体内的药物动力学比较

健康猪14头随机分为A、B2组,分别单剂量胃管灌服氟苯尼考粉和颗粒,按体质量给药剂量均为30 mg/kg,进行比较药动学研究.高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定其血药浓度.采用药动学分析软件WinNonlin 5.2.1的非房室模型处理血药浓度-时间数据.氟苯尼考粉灌胃给药的主要药物动力学参数为:t1/2β=(10.22±0.18)h,ke=(0.07±0.01)h-1,tmax=(1.67±0.48)h,Cmax=(24.68±1.13)μg·mL-1,AUC=(190.97±16.60)μg·mL-1·h,MRT=(8.33±0.42)h,tcp=(17.66±1.52)h.氟苯尼考颗粒灌胃给药的主要药物动力学参数为:t1/2β=(16.36±4.14)h,ke=(0.05±0.01)h-1,tmax=(5.71±0.47)h,Cmax=(12.23±0.78)μg·mL-1,AUC=(155.44±6.59)μg·mL-1·h,MRT=(14.96±0.35)h,tcp=(23.03±0.49)h.试验结果表明,与氟苯尼考粉相比,氟苯尼考颗粒的消除半衰期更长,有效血药浓度维持时间也较长.     

不同药物处理对辽宁绒山羊血液生理生化指标的影响

探讨不同药物处理对辽宁绒山羊血液生理生化指标的影响.选用健康的4岁辽宁绒山羊母羊12只,随机分为4组.第1组为对照组,第2,3组皮下埋植褪黑素(60mg·只-1),第3,4组肌肉注射环磷酰胺(26mg· kg-1)[1].分别于试验开始后0,30,50d采集血液样本进行检测.血常规指标测定结果表明:试验2,3组白细胞数量下降且差异显著(p＜0.05),各组平均血红蛋白含量降低,组间差异不显著.对照组和试验3组血清总胆固醇呈降低趋势,50d与0d相比分别降低21％和45％,试验1组1与试验2组呈升高趋势,50d与0d相比分别升高10％和47％.各试验组甘油三酯和血清总蛋白含量降低,钙、磷含量升高.结果表明,埋植褪黑素可导致绒山羊白细胞数和红细胞数升高,环磷酰胺具有提高白细胞数量的作用,两种药物单独或共同作用对其他血常规指标的影响没有表现出规律性;褪黑素、褪黑素+环磷酰胺可提高血清中总胆固醇、钙和磷含量水平;褪黑素、环磷酰胺、褪黑素+环磷酰胺可降低血清中甘油三酯、总蛋白的含量水平.     

Pharmacokinetics of Idazoxan in Deers Following Intramuscular Administration

The aim of this experiment was to determine the pharmacokinetics of hydrochloric idazoxan in deers plasma alter intramuscular （IM） dosing. Six clinical healthy Cervus nippon Temmincks were injected with the idazoxan solution at the dose of 0.44 mg·kg-1. Eight mL blood sample was taken from a jugular vein and plasma was separated for drug determination by using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection. Idazoxan pharmacokinetic parameters were simulated by noncompartmental analyses. The results showed that the absorption and elimination of hydrochloric idazoxan in plasma was quick by route of administration, the half-lives of absorption （t1/2Ka） and elimination （t1/2Kc） were （0.2094 ± 0.0341） min, and （13.1842±0.2353） min, respectively, the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve from 0 to ∞ （AUC） was （0.0700±0.0035） （mg·mL-1）. min the maximum concentration in the plasma （Cmax） was （0,0047±0.0005） mg.mL ＇, peaking at （12.4618±0.1198） rain after dosing. In conclusion, these data indicated that the kinetics of hydrochloric idazoxan were fitted to one compartment model with first order absorption, which was characterized by rapid drug action, and fast metabolism with few residue in the blood.     

福建省小型猪类圆线虫病的调查

１９９３年秋季福建省各地调进的小型猪发生以腹泻为主要症状的疾病．死亡率高达５０％以上．对８个猪场３０００余头猪病情、病理、病原等的综合调查表明．该病由兰氏类圆线虫（Ｓｔｒｏｎｇｙｌｏｉｄｅｓｒａｎｓｏｍｉ）寄生于猪的小肠粘膜所致．病原经皮肤和口感染．该线虫经体外培养能进行多代繁殖并感染健猪．用丙硫苯咪唑（２０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）和伊维菌素（０．２ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）治疗病猪２８７头，均有较高疗效，并可杀死虫卵．