农杆菌介导多年生黑麦草转化体系的建立

以胚性愈伤组织系,作为转化受体,利用农杆菌介导的遗传转化方法,将报告基因gus和抗除草剂基因bar     

Development of Alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.） Regeneration System and Agrobacterium-Mediated Genetic Transformation

The regeneration ability of four alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.） cultivars, Xinjiang Daye, Longdong, Gannong 1 and Gannong 3, was studied, and the effects of various cultivars, explant sources and medium recipes on regeneration were compared. The better callus forming frequency obtained from hypocotyls of Xinjiang Daye is 88.5% and regeneration frequency is 9.8% in our initial experiments. To further optimize regeneration system for genetic transformation, we therefore changed concentrations of plant growth regulators and supplemented with glutamine into callus-induction and shoot-regeneration media. Callus forming frequency and shoot differentiation frequency were increased to 100%. The time taken to generate transgenic plants （16 weeks） was shorter than that for previouse procedure （25 weeks） and regeneration frequency was promoted to 15.1%. The results show that addition of glutamine is particularly important for shortening period of regeneration and promoting regeneration frequency. For study of genetic transformation of alfalfa, Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Xinjiang Daye was developed based on this optimized regeneration system. The plant expression vector carrying two glutamine synthetases （GS 1 and GS2） and △1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase （P5CS） gene was used for alfalfa in vitro transformation. Six transgenic alfalfa plantlets with resistance to PPT were obtained. The introduction of foreign genes into plants was assessed in the transformants by PCR analysis and Southern hybridizations.     

Optimization of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation System and Transformation of Glyphosate-Resistant Gene 2mG2-EPSPS in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Since maize is one of the most important cereal crops in the world, establishment of an efficient genetic transformation system is critical for its improvement. In the current study, several elite corn lines were tested for suitability of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation by using immature embryos as explants. Infection ability and efficiency of transformation of A. tumefaciens sp. strains EHA105 and LBA4404, different heat treatment times of immature embryos before infection, influence of L-cysteine addition in co-cultivation medium after transformation, and how different ways of selection and cultivation influence the efficiency of transformation were compared. Glyphosate-resistant gene 2mG2-EPSPS was transformed into several typical maize genotypes including 78599, Zong 31 and BA, under the optimum conditions. Results showed that the hypervirulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens sp. strain EHA105 was more infectious than LBA4404. Inclusion of L-cysteine (100 mg L^?1) in co-cultivation medium, and heating of the immature embryos for 3 min prior to infection led to a significant increase in the transformation efficiency. Growth in resting medium for 4-10 d and delaying selection was beneficial to the survival of resistant calli. During induction of germination, adding a high concentration of 6-BA (5 mg L^?1) and a low concentration of 2,4-D (0.2 mg L^?1) to regeneration medium significantly enhanced germination percentage. Using the optimized transformation procedure, more than 800 transgenic plants were obtained from 78599, Zong 31 and BA. By spraying herbicide glyphosate on leaves of transgenic lines, we identified 66 primary glyphosate-resistant plants. The transformation efficiency was 8.2%. PCR and Southern-blot analyses confirmed the integration of the transgenes in the maize genome.     

农杆菌介导甜高粱转Bt cry1Ah的研究

 【目的】建立一套高效、稳定的甜高粱农杆菌遗传转化体系,并在甜高粱中验证来源于苏云金芽胞杆菌新型杀虫基因cry1Ah表达产物的杀虫活性。【方法】以甜高粱幼穗愈伤组织为转化受体,通过农杆菌介导法将密码子优化过的Bt cry1Ah导入2个甜高粱品种“BABUSH”和“MN-3025”中。对获得的再生植株进行PCR检测、RT-PCR分析及除草剂抗性、目的蛋白表达水平和抗虫性鉴定分析。【结果】对336块幼穗愈伤组织块进行了农杆菌侵染,经双丙氨膦（Bialaphos）梯度筛选后共获得66株再生植株,PCR鉴定在8个转化事件中有22株为阳性植株,平均转化率为2.38%。RT-PCR检测结果表明,cry1Ah在T0甜高粱转基因植株中能够正常转录。Western blotting分析和ELISA定量测定显示,有5株可检测到Bt蛋白,但Bt蛋白含量差异较大,最高可达165.69 ng•g-1叶片鲜重（FW）,最低的仅为1.93 ng•g-1叶片鲜重（FW）,平均为87.50 ng•g-1 FW。饲虫试验表明,有2株转基因甜高粱植株对亚洲玉米螟（Ostrinia furnacalis）表现为抗性。【结论】利用建立的以甜高粱幼穗为外植体的农杆菌遗传转化体系,可获得具有玉米螟抗性的转基因甜高粱植株,其后代遗传稳定性还有待于进一步的研究。     

微囊藻毒素（ＭＣ－ＬＲ）在黑麦草幼苗体内的积累及对其生长的影响

采用室内发芽试验方法,研究了不同浓度微囊藻毒素MC-LR对黑麦草种子发芽率、幼苗生长及幼苗体内抗氧化酶SOD、POD和CAT活性的影响,同时用液相色谱/质谱法(L/MS法)检测MC-LR在黑麦草幼苗体内的积累。结果显示,随着MC-LR处理浓度升高,黑麦草种子发芽率逐渐降低;MC-LR对黑麦草幼苗株高和干重无显著影响;但4mg·L-1MC-LR处理对幼苗根长和鲜重具有显著抑制作用。MC-LR处理提高了黑麦草幼苗体内SOD和POD活性,但高浓度MC-LR对两种酶活性又具有一定抑制作用。随着MC-LR处理浓度升高,MC-LR在幼苗体内积累含量和生物富集系数逐渐增大。黑麦草幼苗体内可积累MC-LR,这有可能通过食物链途径对食品安全造成一定潜在风险。     

根癌农杆菌介导水稻成熟胚及抗褐飞虱基因植株的获得

以水稻(Oryza sativa L.)籼型两系恢复系M5274和晚粳稻不育系N55S成熟胚为材料,以携带有双元载体的根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)EHA105为载体进行抗飞虱基因Bph14、Bphi008A、Osg1的遗传转化,共获得515棵再生植株,包括198株Bph14转基因植株、72株Bphi008A转基因植株和245株Osg1转基因植株。PCR检测结果表明,获得的515株再生植株中,有244株阳性转基因植株,3个不同抗褐飞虱基因中,转Bph14基因的再生苗阳性率最高,增加筛选次数能有效减少转化所得的假阳性植株。     

农杆菌介导法获得草地早熟禾转Bt基因植株

以草地早熟禾品种超级伊克利成熟种子为外植体材料,当愈伤组织诱导培养基中琼脂的用量增加至16g/L时,诱导产生的颗粒状胚性愈伤组织占愈伤组织总数的40%以上。愈伤组织经携带pGBI4AB农杆菌LBA4404的感染和共培养后,在继代培养基上添加50mg/L筛选剂G418,可较好地筛选出具有卡那霉素抗性的愈伤组织,进而获得具有卡那霉素抗性的再生植株。PCR分子检测结果表明,Bt基因已导入转化植株。生物学抗虫性鉴定结果显示,转Bt基因当代植株对1～2龄棉铃虫具有不同程度的抗性。     

重金属富集植物黑麦草对锌、镉复合污染的响应

采用盆栽试验研究了锌、镉单一及复合污染对重金属蓄集植物黑麦草生长、叶绿素、抗氧化酶活性、锌及镉吸收的影响。结果表明,锌、镉及复合污染对黑麦草生物量存在不同程度的抑制作用。锌、镉及复合污染均明显降低了黑麦草叶绿素含量,提高了叶片POD、SOD的活性。黑麦草吸收的锌、镉主要集中在植株地上部。以锌、镉复合污染的处理植株抗氧化酶POD、SOD活性最强,对锌、镉的吸收量最大,其地上部锌、镉含量分别达到(3108.72、73.97mg/kg)。黑麦草存在作为土壤重金属锌、镉复合污染植物修复材料的潜力。     

利用农杆菌浸种法建立白三叶草遗传转化体系的研究

以白三叶萌动种子作为转化受体,利用npt-Ⅱ筛选基因对影响农杆菌介导的遗传转化外部因素进行深入     

Early Identification of Stable Transformation Events by Combined Use of Antibiotic Selection and Vital Detection of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) in Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Callus

Genetic transformation is a useful technique to complement conventional breeding in crop improvement. Although carrot has been a model organism for in vitro embryogenesis study, genetic transformation of carrot is still lengthy and labor intensive. An efficient transformation and detection system is desirable. Direct infection of Agrobacterium to carrot calli has provided an easy way for carrot genetic transformation. To improve the efficiency of antibiotic selection in this method, we report the combined use of an improved green-fluorescent protein, referred to as smGFP, to establish a versatile selection method for carrot callus transformation system. By combining antibiotic selection with the bright fluorescence observed in the callus tissue, we were able to easily identify stable transformants in early stage of the transformation process. In addition to the GFP expression of the callus cells, the transgenic nature of callus cells was confirmed with Southern and Western analysis. We found we can link the simplicity of carrot-callus-cell transformation, early detection of stable transformants with antibiotic selection, visualization of GFP fluorescence, and molecular analysis (Southern and Western) of callus tissue (non-photosynthetic tissue) to provide a more efficient way in identifying stable transformants at early stage of carrot transformation.     

Early Identification of Stable Transformation Events by Combined Use of Antibiotic Selection and Vital Detection of Green Fluorescent Protein （GFP） in Carrot （Daucus carota L.） Callus

Genetic transformation is a useful technique to complement conventional breeding in crop improvement. Although carrot has been a model organism for in vitro embryogenesis study, genetic transformation of carrot is still lengthy and labor intensive. An efficient transformation and detection system is desirable. Direct infection of Agrobacterium to carrot calli has provided an easy way for carrot genetic transformation. To improve the efficiency of antibiotic selection in this method, we report the combined use of an improved green-fluorescent protein, referred to as smGFP, to establish a versatile selection method for carrot callus transformation system. By combining antibiotic selection with the bright fluorescence observed in the callus tissue, we were able to easily identify stable transformants in early stage of the transformation process. In addition to the GFP expression of the callus cells, the transgenic nature of callus cells was confirmed with Southern and Western analysis. We found we can link the simplicity of carrot-callus-cell transformation, early detection of stable transformants with antibiotic selection, visualization of GFP fluorescence, and molecular analysis （Southern and Western） of callus tissue （non-photosynthetic tissue） to provide a more efficient way in identifying stable transformants at early stage of carrot transformation.     

结合基因关联和转录组分析鉴定小麦成株期抗条锈病位点YrZ501-2BL的候选基因

【目的】小麦条锈病是小麦的主要病害之一,每年都会对小麦产量安全造成严重危害,挖掘小麦抗条锈病基因,为小麦抗条锈病种质创新和揭示小麦抗条锈病遗传机制奠定基础。【方法】利用多组学手段结合全基因关联分析（GWAS）开展对小麦成株期抗条锈病性状的解析。首先对411份来自CIMMYT和ICARDA的春小麦进行全基因组关联分析,在小麦2BL染色体上定位到一个主效的成株期抗条锈病位点,并利用含有该位点的抗病材料Z501及感病亲本晋麦79的双亲群体进行连锁作图,成功验证了该位点抗性的稳定性,暂命名为YrZ501-2BL。在此基础上,通过基因注释、比较基因组分析、转录组分析和候选基因的关联分析对目标区间筛选候选基因。【结果】综合GWAS和连锁作图结果,将YrZ501-2BL锁定在小麦2B染色体0.26 Mb(575.706—576.587 Mb)范围内,根据中国春参考基因组注释信息分析,该区间含有12个基因,其中,高可信基因6个;利用在线网站,将目标区间所在的中国春参考基因组与其他已公布的不同倍性小麦基因组进行比较,发现该区间的6个高可信小麦基因基本都能在其他小麦材料中找到同源基因,且基因排列顺序相同,...