共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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自2007年开始,对杂草稻发生情况进行了逐年调查。在调查的基础上,分析了影响杂草稻发生的主要因素,开展了田间危害试验。结果表明,杂草稻已成为江苏省海安县稻田的重要杂草,水稻大田的田块查见率已达70%以上,水稻育秧田的田户查见率近40%。单位面积杂草稻的发生密度表现为直播>抛栽>机插>手栽稻田,非统一供种田>统一供种田,杂草稻的生长势以及对邻近栽培稻株生长的影响表现为混生苗>次生苗。 相似文献
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我国杂草稻危害现状及其防控对策 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
随着直播稻和稻麦免、少耕技术的推广,杂草稻在我国的危害越来越重,已严重影响水稻产量和稻米质量.笔者分析了稻田杂草稻的发生危害原因,提出了采用高纯度的种子,从源头上防止杂草稻蔓延和侵入危害;及时清理收割机等农机上携带的杂草稻种子,防止杂草稻的传播;翻耕、诱杀以及手工拔除,轮作、直播改移栽水稻栽培方式;使用化学除草剂防除等综合防除技术. 相似文献
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广东雷州杂草稻的发生与危害及其防治对策 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
杂草稻是世界稻田最主要的草害之一,其发生、传播和危害给栽培稻的生产带来了不同程度的影响。广东省雷州市是我国南方重要的水稻生产地,一年可以种植两季水稻,素有"粤西粮仓"之称。20世纪90年代以后,杂草稻随着直播栽培技术的推广而迅速传播,逐渐成为雷州稻田的主要害草之一,给当地的水稻生产带来了严重的负面影响。由于杂草稻分蘖力强和落粒性强、在土壤种子库中存活时间长、能模仿栽培稻品种的形态特征,并具有极强的繁殖能力,对其进行防治非常困难。针对上述问题以及杂草稻对水稻生产的影响,对杂草稻在雷州市稻田生态系统中的来源、传播、分布范围、发生状况以及水稻耕种方式对杂草稻群体动态的影响进行了调查研究,并根据研究结果提出了相应的防治对策和管理措施,希望将杂草稻的发生和危害降低到最小水平。 相似文献
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稻茬免耕麦田恶性杂草发生危害和控制技术周益民,吉林,周国华,戴君淑,郦丘树(宜兴市农业局214200)(无锡市植保站)(溧阳市化工厂)(善卷乡农技站)(丹阳市荆林乡农技站)近几年来,麦田草害问题突出,以禾本科看麦娘、日本看麦娘、草和阔叶杂草猪殃殃发生... 相似文献
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稻粉虱的发生危害与防治陈兆肃(福建省宁德地区植保站352100)稻粉虱(AleurocybotusindicusDavidetSubramaniam),近几年在福建省闽中、闽东稻区发生危害日趋严重。经福建农业大学植保系黄邦侃教授鉴定是水稻上新发生的害... 相似文献
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宿迁市宿城区杂草稻发生特点及防除对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
近年来杂草稻发生面积有较大扩展,不仅对直播稻造成危害,且对移栽稻也产生一定影响。为解决这一问题,试对其发生特点和发生原因进行了分析,并对预防措施进行了探讨。 相似文献
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丙草胺防治直播稻田杂草稻的技术研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了探寻对栽培稻安全的杂草稻防除技术,采用整株测定法研究了丙草胺对杂草稻的毒力及解草啶减轻丙草胺对栽培稻药害的应用技术,并通过田间试验检验了这一技术的安全性。结果表明:丙草胺在450g/hm2时,可显著抑制杂草稻和栽培稻的生长;采用30mg/L解草啶浸种48h,可显著减轻丙草胺对栽培稻的药害,随着丙草胺施药量的增加,解草啶的保护作用逐渐减弱。田间试验结果说明:用30mg/L解草啶浸种栽培稻48h,丙草胺的施药剂量在450~675g/hm2时对栽培稻安全;当丙草胺剂量为900g/hm2时,栽培稻产量显著下降。 相似文献
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Duong Van Chin 《Weed Biology and Management》2001,1(1):37-41
About 400 weed species of 73 families have been reported to occur in upland and lowland rice fields in Vietnam. Two important families are Poaceae and Cyperaceae having 42% of weed species with 21% each. The barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) Beauv., is the most important weed in both transplanted and direct‐seeded rice in this country. The competi‐tion of 25 barnyardgrass plants/m2 causes approximately 50% yield loss. Red sprangletop, Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees., is an emerging major weed in direct‐seeded rice. Weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) was detected in 1994 and is now a new dangerous pest in rice fields. The main reasons are: herbicides which can kill weedy rice completely are not available in the market, non‐chemical methods are laborious and costly, and weedy rice can develop a new generation from contaminated seeds through rice sowing or emerging from soil seed bank. Research results on the Vietnamese situation of barnyardgrass, red sprangletop and weedy rice in terms of biology and management by chemical and non‐chemical methods have been reviewed in this paper. 相似文献
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杂草稻造成栽培稻产量的损失主要表现为叶片间的相互竞争。争夺空间、争夺光照矛盾突出。杂草稻主茎叶片多于栽培稻,最大叶片长于栽培稻,最大叶片宽于栽培稻,叶片披散,形似杂交稻叶。如果在667 m2旱直播稻田接种2.5 kg粳性杂草稻籽,栽培稻上部全被杂草稻稻叶覆盖,栽培稻植株瘦黄、弱小,茎、蘖逐步退化消亡,造成基本绝产。 相似文献
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Toxicity and selective mechanism of imazamox by weedy rice and imidazolinone-resistant rice in China
Weedy rice (Oryza spp.) is a notorious weed in direct-seeding paddy fields. Because it has anatomical and physiological traits similar to those of cultivated rice, no selective herbicide is effective in controlling weedy rice growing among conventional rice cultivars. Imidazolinone (IMI)-resistant rice lines JD372 and JJ818 have been planted with imazamox to control weedy rice in Jiangsu and Shanghai, China. Whole-plant dose–response analysis showed that imazamox exhibited high efficacy against three populations of weedy rice. The ED90 of weedy rice populations FN-5, GY-8, and HY-3 were 46.87, 61.43, and 52.17 g a.i. ha−1, respectively, close to the recommended field dose (50 g a.i. ha−1) of imazamox. Conversely, the ED10 values of JD372 and JJ818 were slightly lower than 50 g a.i. ha−1. These findings indicate that imazamox can control weedy rice production in JD372 and JJ818 fields. The acetolactate synthase (ALS) sensitivity of JD372 in vitro was 1714.89-fold lower to imazamox than was that of FN-5. ALS gene sequencing revealed a Ser653Asn point mutation—a common mutation that confers resistance to IMI herbicides in JD372. In addition, higher ALS expression levels in JD372 were found at 24 and 72 h after imazamox treatment. ALS overexpression might partially compensate for the ALS activity of JD372 that was suppressed by imazamox. 相似文献