雌虫单头饲养对蠋蝽寿命和繁殖力的影响

本研究分别对有效交配后, 单头饲养和配对饲养的蠋蝽雌虫寿命和繁殖力参数进行统计分析?试验结果表明:有效交配后, 单头饲养的蠋蝽雌虫平均产卵量为343.80粒?平均产卵次数14.83次?平均寿命为53.13 d, 分别显著高于对照组(配对饲养)的平均产卵量(258.20粒)?平均产卵次数(10.63次)和平均寿命(45.30 d); 蠋蝽的单次产卵量?卵孵化率?卵直径均随产卵次数增加而减小, 其中单头饲养组的减小趋势显著; 单头饲养组蠋蝽的卵孵化率为59.58%, 显著低于对照组的68.89%, 而单头饲养组蠋蝽单雌所产卵的孵化数192.95头较对照组的177.87头更高?蠋蝽雌虫有效交配后进行单头饲养有利于延长蠋蝽寿命?提高其繁殖力?     

梨小食心虫雄蛾的多次交配对雌蛾生殖力的影响

为明确梨小食心虫雄蛾的交配能力等生物学特性, 正确评价梨小食心虫性信息素诱杀雄蛾的田间应用效果, 本研究借助监控设备观察了梨小食心虫雄蛾与雌蛾的交配时间段、交配持续时间、雄蛾交配次数、雄蛾首次交配及末次交配日龄, 研究了雄蛾日龄对交配率的影响, 雄蛾交配次数对雌蛾产卵量及卵孵化率的影响。结果表明, 梨小食心虫雄蛾能与多头雌蛾交配, 且从1日龄至19日龄期间均能与雌蛾交配。随着雄蛾日龄的增加, 其与雌蛾交配率降低, 雄蛾交配次数的增加对雌蛾产卵量及卵孵化率没有显著影响。因此田间使用性信息素诱杀一定数量的雄蛾对降低后代种群数量有一定的作用, 但只有在短时间内将雄蛾数量减少到一定范围内才可起到理想效果。     

成虫日龄与交配状态对棉褐环野螟繁殖力的影响

[目的]研究影响棉褐环野螟(棉大卷叶螟)[ Haritalodes derogata (Fabricius)]产卵量、孵化率及成虫寿命的因素,为性信息素的研究开发提供理论依据.[方法]在温度(25±2)℃,光周期L∥D=14 h//10 h的条件下,研究棉褐环野螟的繁殖适度.[结果]交配时间短于40min时成虫的产卵前期明显延长,而交配时间长于40 min时成虫产卵期延长,产卵量与孵化率显著提高.0次交配产卵量极小且不能正常孵化,交配1次或多次能使产卵量与卵孵化率明显提高.雌虫延迟交配对其产卵期、产卵量、孵化率和雌虫寿命会产生明显的影响,与正常交配之间存在显著差异,其中3日龄的雌性成虫与7日龄的雄性成虫交配后产卵期(4.2±0.76)d、寿命(15.40±0.62)d最长,产卵量(189±17.17)粒/头、孵化率(54.39±0.07)％最大.[结论]明确了雌虫交配持续时长、交配次数以及雌雄不同年龄组配对繁殖的影响.     

小黑瓢虫的交配和产卵行为及规律观察

通过室内观察,研究了小黑瓢虫Delphastus catalinae交配、产卵的行为及规律,并探讨了交配次数对成虫繁殖力的影响。结果表明：雄虫的交配前期为5.0±0.5d,雌虫的产卵前期为5.8±0.4d;小黑瓢虫交配活动的主导者是雄虫,雄虫性成熟后可进行交配;性成熟的成虫可全天交配,交配持续时间平均为18.6min,6：00-8：00为高峰时刻;雌虫交配后可全天产卵,白天产卵量高于夜间,每雌可产卵353~413粒,产卵期63~120d;交配次数的增加可以延长产卵期,提高小黑瓢虫的产卵量,但雌虫的寿命会下降;交配多次的后代繁殖状况最佳。     

褐飞虱短翅型雌虫延迟交配对其繁殖的影响

延迟交配往往影响昆虫的繁殖和寿命。本文研究了褐飞虱短翅型雌虫延迟交配对其寿命、产卵量及累计产卵率的影响。结果表明雌虫寿命在不同日龄交配雌虫之间存在明显差异。羽化后2、4、6、81、0 d交配的雌虫,随着交配日龄的增加,寿命延长。4日龄后随着交配日龄的增加,雌虫产卵量逐渐降低。其中4日龄交配雌虫的产卵量最高,约337粒;10日龄产卵量最低,约168粒。不同日龄交配雌虫的累计产卵率差异不明显。     

交配频率对条纹小斑蛾繁殖的影响

测试了25℃下交配频率对条纹小斑蛾成虫产卵量和寿命的影响。结果表明,雌虫在未进行交配的情况下不能产卵,交配2次的雌虫产卵量最高,其次是交配3次和1次的雌虫,但平均每雌总产卵量在处理间没有显著差异。对于雌虫寿命各处理间没有显著差异,但未交配的雌虫寿命显著长于交配一次的雌虫。各处理间雄虫寿命也不存在差异。     

X射线辐照对梨小食心虫成虫寿命和生殖相关参数的影响

为建立基于X射线辐照的害虫不育技术,以梨小食心虫2、5、8日龄的雄蛹为研究对象,利用X射线对其进行0（CK）、67、133和200 Gy剂量的辐照处理,明确其最适辐照蛹龄;并对最适辐照蛹龄的梨小食心虫进行X射线辐照,明确辐照处理对其羽化成虫的繁殖能力、寿命、飞行能力和交配竞争力的影响。结果表明,梨小食心虫最适辐照蛹龄为8日龄;雄蛹经67 Gy与133 Gy辐照剂量处理后,与其羽化后成虫交配后的雌成虫单雌产卵量分别为25.14粒和24.56粒,卵孵化率分别为18.21%和14.61%,寿命分别为16.80 d和15.60 d,均显著低于对照;梨小食心虫雄蛹辐照处理对其羽化成虫与雌成虫的交配次数无显著影响,但辐照处理雄蛹羽化后的雄成虫与雌成虫交配后,雌成虫的日产卵量比对照明显减少,且辐照剂量越高,日产卵量变化幅度越小,产卵期也越短;辐照处理对雄蛹羽化后雄成虫的飞行能力无明显影响,但其与雌成虫的交配竞争指数下降为0.15。     

虱螨脲对小菜蛾成虫繁殖力及子代种群发展的影响

为探究虱螨脲对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella成虫的亚致死作用,通过残留药膜法或饲喂法使用50 mg/L虱螨脲对小菜蛾成虫进行处理,分别测定小菜蛾成虫繁殖力、寿命和卵孵化率,通过建立小菜蛾成虫子代生命表确定虱螨脲处理成虫对其后代的影响。结果表明,残留药膜法处理后,小菜蛾成虫单雌产卵量和卵孵化率分别比对照显著降低39.09粒和19.38个百分点;饲喂法处理后,小菜蛾成虫单雌产卵量、雌成虫寿命和卵孵化率分别比对照减少13.42粒、1.56 d和72.03个百分点,卵孵化率与对照差异显著。虱螨脲处理后,小菜蛾成虫子代1龄幼虫存活率、雌成虫寿命、F_1代单雌产卵量和F_1代卵孵化率分别为74.29%、5.90 d、146.65粒和84.43%,均显著低于对照,种群趋势指数降低,表明对子代种群发展有一定的干扰作用。此外,虱螨脲处理小菜蛾雌、雄虫对其产卵量无影响,但处理雌虫显著降低卵孵化率,处理雄虫对卵孵化率无明显影响,说明虱螨脲作用于小菜蛾成虫,仅对卵子形成及受精卵的胚胎发育过程产生影响,而对精子的生成及转移无影响。表明虱螨脲可通过成虫取食或接触而控制小菜蛾种群发展。     

补充营养对草地贪夜蛾成虫存活和繁殖的影响

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda（Smith）是一种远距离迁飞害虫,其成虫生存期间会取食,但是取食获得的水和糖在其交配繁殖中的作用目前并不清楚。本研究利用卵巢解剖法和行为观察法,详细研究了成虫喂食对草地贪夜蛾存活、卵巢发育和繁殖的影响。发现饥饿不喂食草地贪夜蛾成蛾存活时间短（约3 d）,卵巢发育不成熟（低于2级）、交配率低（22.00%）、几乎不产卵（5.8枚）,卵几乎不孵化（3.0%）。喂食纯水或蜂蜜水成蛾存活时间长（6~8 d）,雌蛾卵巢发育成熟（3.4~3.6级）、交配率高（61.1%~66.7%）、产卵量大（436~1281枚）、卵孵化率高（大于95%）,均显著大于不喂食成蛾。喂食对交配雌蛾的交配次数（1.1~1.7次）和未发育成熟雌蛾的交配率（18.2%~22.9%）无显著影响。喂食蜂蜜水雌蛾的存活时间（8.06 d）和产卵量（1281枚）显著大于喂食纯水（分别为6.57d和436枚）,而雄蛾存活时间、雌蛾卵巢发育等级、交配率、卵孵化率在喂食纯水和蜂蜜水之间无显著差异。本研究结果认为水是草地贪夜蛾成蛾存活和繁殖必须补充的物质,糖仅能增加雌蛾的产卵量。仅仅利用花香气味进行草地贪夜蛾的监测和防控,效果可能不理想。这些结果为草地贪夜蛾的精准监测和有效防控提供理论依据。     

补充营养对二点委夜蛾成虫生殖与寿命的影响

为明确补充营养对二点委夜蛾Athetis lepigone(Mschler)的影响,通过室内试验研究了5%蜂蜜水、5%葡萄糖水及蒸馏水3种补充营养处理对其成虫生殖与寿命的影响。结果表明,补充营养对二点委夜蛾成虫生殖和寿命均有显著影响。经5%蜂蜜水处理的雌蛾产卵历期最长,为7.17d,平均单雌产卵量最高,为248.23粒;经5%葡萄糖水处理的雌蛾产卵历期、平均单雌产卵量与5%蜂蜜水处理均无显著差异;经蒸馏水处理的雌蛾产卵历期最短,为5.53 d,平均单雌产卵量最低,为162.13粒,显著低于5%蜂蜜水;3种补充营养处理间雌蛾产卵前期、交配率、交配次数和卵孵化率均无显著差异;经蒸馏水处理的雄蛾寿命显著低于其它处理。研究表明,补充营养主要对二点委夜蛾成虫的产卵历期、产卵量和雄蛾寿命有影响,是影响其种群动态的重要因素。     

Mating,longevity, fertility and fecundity of the cotton leaf-worm,Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The mechanisms adopted to ensure mating success, fertility and fecundity ofS. littoralis were studied. The male moths usually mate only once a night but they mate repeatedly during most of their life span, and practically all their spermatophores are equally efficient for inseminating a female. Although females are also multiple maters, one spermatophore is sufficient for a female to lay fertile eggs throughout her life with no reduction in potential fecundity. While a male may mate 5.3 times, on the average, a female may mate only 2.3 times. As a pronounced decrease in pheromone release occurs after mating, a repeat mating by a female will occur only after most neighboring competitive virgin females have been inseminated. A male may mate therefore with 5.3 different females, all of which will be thoroughly inseminated. The female moth is ready to mate just after emergence and at any time throughout her life. If mating is delayed the preoviposition period is greatly prolonged and eggs are saved to be laid later, after mating, as fertile eggs. Delay in egg laying due to delayed insemination does not result in reduced fecundity as it is compensated for by prolonged longevity. Even if mating is greatly delayed and occurs after egg laying has already begun, the potential reduction in reproduction is not very great, due to the low daily egg-laying rate and the increased longevity of unmated females. It appears unreasonable to expect any tendency toward reduction of egg production with a decrease in the ratio of adult males in a population; for this purpose the control of males must be essentially complete. Therefore, a behavioral control program by mass trapping ofS. littoralis males is unlikely to be economically feasible.     

海氏桨角蚜小蜂的多次交配行为及繁殖效益

海氏桨角蚜小蜂Eretmocerus hayati是烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci的优势寄生蜂,了解寄生蜂的交配行为有利于完善其规模化繁殖技术。通过对海氏桨角蚜小蜂的首次交配及再次交配、配偶选择等行为学观察,以及多次交配对雌蜂繁殖量影响的生物学试验,明确了该蜂的交配过程包括求偶、交尾前期、交尾和交尾后期;雌蜂在整个生活史中未观察到再次交配;雄蜂可在首次交配后迅速进行再次交配,首次交配后1 h内的再次交配率为83.3%,62.5%的个体可在2 h内完成第3次交配,再次交配的行为持续时间显著低于首次交配;雄蜂的交配次数对自身寿命及其配偶的寄生量无显著影响;此外,在配偶选择中,处女蜂倾向于接受有交配经历的雄蜂,多头雄蜂间存在竞争行为进而干扰交配成功率。     

橘小实蝇对不同波长单色光及不同颜色LED灯的趋性反应

橘小实蝇是一种世界性检疫害虫,严重威胁我国的果蔬生产。本研究利用昆虫趋光性,在室内使用光谱范围广、高分辨率单色仪以及自制昆虫趋光行为反应盒测定橘小实蝇雌、雄成虫在交配前后对8种不同波长单色光的行为反应,并利用智能调控波长LED灯测定橘小实蝇雌雄虫对不同颜色光的趋向率。结果表明,橘小实蝇雌成虫交配前趋光率较高的光为400 nm紫光和550 nm黄绿光,交配后为500 nm绿光、550 nm黄绿光;雄成虫交配前对400 nm紫光、500 nm绿光和550 nm黄绿光敏感,交配后对紫光区400 nm和黄光区575 nm敏感;趋向率对比试验中,与日光对比,雌成虫明显更加趋向506 nm绿光,雄成虫则对506 nm绿光和553 nm黄绿光的趋向率更高。综合分析橘小实蝇在单色光刺激下的趋避光行为反应和对不同颜色LED灯趋向反应,可见橘小实蝇对绿光和黄绿光更为敏感。     

不同诱杀剂和诱捕器防治橘小实蝇效果及成本评价

比较了4种不同诱杀剂?4种诱捕器及9种常见组合对橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis的防治效果, 为橘小实蝇田间防控优化提供参考?试验结果表明:1)诱杀剂聪绿处理区成虫总数和果实受害率最低, 成本低廉, 可用于桃园橘小实蝇防控?迷饵?诱尔和康碧可显著降低橘小实蝇发生数量, 可根据发生区实际情况选择或改进使用?4种诱杀剂对雌性比的影响与空白对照间无显著差异?2)甲基丁香酚油剂与诱捕器组合中, 推荐常规诱捕器和新蛾类通用诱捕器分别用于监测和防治工作, 不建议采用迷你型实蝇诱捕器+矿泉水瓶或新型飞蛾诱捕器进行监测和防治?3)常规诱捕器+甲基丁香酚油剂?专用诱捕器+食物诱杀颗粒剂?黄板2和黄球4种组合分别在各自类组中表现较好, 可根据实际生产需要选择使用?     

大灰食蚜蝇成虫饲养研究

实验室内用蜂花粉、花粉健美酥、10％蜂蜜水及10％蔗糖水饲养大灰食蚜蝇成虫时,证明大灰食蚜蝇的产卵量、卵的孵化率及成虫寿命均受补充营养物的影响。以蜂花粉饲养的效果为最佳,平均产卵量为970.7粒(最高2212粒),孵化率达91.4％,雌雄成虫寿命分别为19.4和17.4天。交尾次数、产卵时期对卵的孵化率均无影响。为使成虫正常产卵,除合适的补充营养外,提供蚜虫及其寄主植物也是必要的。     

Female preference did not evolve under laboratory conditions in the solanaceous fruit fly Bactrocera latifrons

Sterile insect technique (SIT) is widely used to eradicate target pest species. Its effectiveness depends on the ability of released sterile males to mate with wild females. In pest species with a female choice mating system, there is potential for female preference to evolve in the wild population in view of the resulting zero-fitness in females that mate with sterile males. The evolution of female preference against sterile males can, therefore, reduce the efficiency of the SIT as the likelihood decreases that sterile males will mate with wild females. We examined this experimentally by using the solanaceous fruit fly Bactrocera latifrons, a serious pest of solanaceous crops, by allowing female preference in mass-reared fruit flies to select between fertile and sterile males over 12 generations. However, this did not generate a rapid evolutionary response. Also the remating rate of females did not increase, even when the first mating partner was a sterile male. We discuss the implication of the results for the eradication project by the SIT program.     

迁飞对草地螟生殖行为及种群暴发的影响

为明确野外种群迁飞对草地螟生殖行为的影响及其在种群大暴发中的作用,对草地螟野外迁飞和未迁飞种群的生殖特征,包括首次产卵历期(period of first oviposition,PFO)及其他生殖参数进行了系统分析。结果表明,经历迁飞的种群与未经历迁飞的种群相比,成虫产卵前期、产卵历期、PFO和寿命均显著缩短;交配次数及交配率均显著增加;但平均每雌产卵量和卵孵化率无显著变化。这说明,尽管经历迁飞的草地螟种群产卵量未显著增加,但成虫到达迁入地后将很快多次交配、产卵,且产卵前期显著提前、产卵同步性显著增加,从而加剧后代种群暴发。     

Effect of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Metarhizium guizhouense</Emphasis> infection on mating competition and mate choice of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bactrocera latifrons</Emphasis> (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Metarhizium guizhouense PSUM02 treated males of Bactrocera latifrons were investigated for the mating competition among males and mating choice by female flies to develop an auto-dissemination for the control of B. latifrons. In the present study, on day 1–4 of experiment, M. guizhouense–treated male flies were equally competitive with the normal male flies as we did not observe any differences in mating by treated and normal male flies of B. latifrons. Further, mating competitiveness were found low in treated adult male B. latifrons than normal male B. latifrons from 5th days of treatment until death. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of treated male flies gave average survival times (AST) of 4.3?±?0.1 days, while the healthy female and male flies in the same cage showed AST of 9.3?±?0.3 and 8.3?±?0.4 days, respectively. The AST of untreated flies in control experiment ranged from 14.2–14.5 days. In mating preference experiment, M. guizhouense–treated male flies were chosen by virgin female than gravid female flies for mating. The treated male flies caused mortality in both virgin and gravid female flies in the same cage with AST of 4.4?±?0.1, 5.6?±?0.1 and 7.4?±?0.2 days, respectively, while untreated flies showed AST ranged from 13.9–14.3 days in control. The treated male flies could transmit the fungus infection to both untreated female and male flies as well as in virgin and gravid female flies by mating and contact. Our experiments showed the potentiality of M. guizhouense PSUM02 in management of B. latifrons by auto-dissemination with treated male flies, which transmit the fungus to a healthy population to reduce insect pest infestations.