核桃叶片内多酚黄酮类成分对低温胁迫的响应

作为植物体内重要的次生代谢物,植物多酚对研究植物防御极端环境的基础有重要作用。为了了解核桃内多酚类成分对不同寒冷温度响应的含量变化,采用0℃、-2℃、-4℃、-6℃、-8℃几个低温进行处理,研究了在不同时间核桃叶片多种成分(多酚、黄酮、花青素、还原型VC)对低温胁迫响应的规律。结果表明:核桃叶片黄酮、茶多酚、花青素含量在不同低温胁迫下呈先降后升的变化规律,还原型VC含量在不同的低温胁迫下呈先升后降的变化规律;黄酮含量在-8℃胁迫24h后达最高值23.64mg/g,多酚含量在-6℃胁迫72h后达到最高值36.71%,花青素含量在-6℃胁迫48h后达到最高值5.22 mg/g,还原型VC含量在-2℃胁迫72h后达到最高值193.60mg/100g。这些结果表明,核桃叶片内源物质含量和低温胁迫有较强的相关性。     

高温胁迫下21个山茶种质的生理生化响应

为给山茶属植物的资源评价及进一步开发利用提供科学依据,以21个山茶种质为材料,研究了高温胁迫条件下的相对电导率、叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量和SOD活性变化情况。结果表明,随着温度的升高,21个山茶种质的相对电导率升高,且呈"S"型曲线,XSC14等5个种质的半致死高温均达60℃以上。高温胁迫促使21个山茶种质的叶绿素含量均有不同程度的下降。结合MDA含量和SOD活性测定结果,发现XSC20、XSC14耐热性较强,而XSC4耐热性较差。     

Changes induced by osmotic stress in the morphology,biochemistry, physiology,anatomy and stomatal parameters of almond species （Prunus L. spp.） grown in vitro

We investigated the influence of different levels of osmotic stress on growth and development in selected wild almond species(eight Prunus spp.) grown in vitro. The study, while endorsing the efficacy of in vitro screening of auxiliary buds of wild almond for osmotic stress tolerance, showed species variability in its response to osmotic stress. Osmotic stress reduced growth and development of all the species. However, the putative tolerant Prunus spp. showed better performance than the putative susceptible genotypes. On average there was an 80% decrease in shoot dry weight at-1.2 MPa. Reduction in shoot weight was more common in osmotic stress-susceptible species in the section labeled ‘Euamygdalus'. The tolerant Prunus species produced smaller changes in biochemical responses than the sensitive cultivars for malondialdehyde content, catalase activity, relative permeability of protoplast membranes, and net photosynthetic rate. The tolerant species maintained cell integrity better than drought sensitive species. Wild almond species in the section labeled ‘Spartioides'(Prunus arabica(Olivier) Neikle, Prunus glauca (Browicz) A.E. Murray, Prunus scoparia Spach) and ‘Lycioides'(Prunus lycioides Spach, Prunus reuteri Bossi. et Bushe) were best adapted to osmotic stress. Increase in chlorophyll concentration and leaf thickness under high osmotic stress can be considered as preliminary selection parameters for osmotic stress tolerance in Prunus spp. The study confirmed the efficacy of the in vitro method for screening of large number of genotypes for osmotic stress tolerance in wild almond species.     

Short-term responses to salinity of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seedlings in the extremely cold and saline Qinghai region of China

The investigation of the mechanisms of plant adaptation to stressor action is one of the leading directions of current biological studies. To understand the mechanism of salt tolerance of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) and identify its ability to cope with the salinity effect in the saline and extremely cold region of Qinghai, China, a test was conducted with two-year-old seedlings subjected to 0, 200, 400 and 600 mmol·L–1 NaCl solutions for 30 d. The results show that with an increase in salinity, the biomass of H. rhamnoides seedlings clearly decreased. Leaf water potential (Ψw) and relative water content (RWC) were significantly reduced under salinity, with severe water shortages appearing in leaves. At the same time, the total chlorophyll content declined markedly. When salinity increased and stress time prolonged, the net CO2 assimilation rate (A) significantly declined. Intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) declined at first and was then followed by an increase over the stress time. We conclude that H. rhamnoides grown in the extremely cold and saline region of Qinghai has a certain resistance to salt, which can be planted at appropriate salinity levels.     

日本山口的一些景观树对2006、2007年干旱和高温事件的响应

本文依据1967-2007年间的气象资料,对日本山口市的极端天气事件进行了分析,主要用像素分析和光谱分析法对景观树的响应进行了调查研究.结果表明,经过干热、多风的2007年夏季之后,山口市的许多景观树对这些极端天气事件的响应趋于缩减其叶面积和减少辐射能的吸收.一些景观树种出现树叶早期变色或脱落,在许多不利条件下栽培的四照花(Cornus kousa)树上发生叶边叶缘焦枯症状.像素分析结果表明,四照花样树的叶面积平均焦枯率达41.6%,山茶花2007年花季的花量也明显少于2006年.对偏冠变色的美国枫香(Liquidambar styraciflua)树进行的微分分析表明,其树冠颜色呈逻辑斯蒂函数式变化.这表明即使在湿润的山口市,持续的高温少雨天气对一些不利条件下栽植的敏感景观树也是有害的.     

云杉、落叶松等树种种子发芽对水分胁迫的反应

云杉、落叶松等树种种子发芽对水分胁迫的反应马常耕，王建华关键词云杉，落叶松，聚乙二醇，水分胁迫聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）是一种中性长链多聚化合物，可配成预定水势溶液，用来模拟土壤的自然水势，造成水分胁迫，以研究植物对水分胁迫的反应［１，２］，揭示其抗旱能力。...     

Growth,biomass partitioning,and water-use efficiency of a leguminous shrub (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bauhinia faberi</Emphasis> var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">microphylla</Emphasis>) in response to various water availabilities

Responses of the endemic leguminous shrub Bauhinia faberi var. microphylla, to various soil water supply regimes were studied in order to assess water stress tolerance of seedlings. Two-month-old seedlings were grown under water supply regimes of 100, 80, 60, 40, and 20% water field capacity (FC), respectively, in a temperature and light-controlled greenhouse. Plant height and leaf number were measured monthly over a 4-month period, while water use (WU), water-use efficiency (WUE), leaf relative water content (RWC), biomass production and its partitioning were recorded at the end of the experiment. Seedlings exhibited the greatest biomass production, height, basal diameter, branch number, leaf number, and leaf area when soil content was at 100% FC, and slightly declined at 80% FC. These parameters declined significantly under 60% FC water supply, and severely reduced under 40 and 20% FC. RWC, WU and WUE decreased, while the ratio of root mass to stem mass (R:S) increased in response to decreasing water supply. Water stress caused leaf shedding, but not plant death. The results demonstrated that B. faberi var. microphylla seedlings could tolerate drought by reducing branching and leaf area while maintaining a high R:S ratio. However, low dry mass and WUE at 40 and 20% FC suggested that the seedlings did not produce significant biomass under prolonged severe water deficit. Therefore, before introducing B. faberi var. microphylla in vegetation restoration efforts, water supply above 40% FC is recommended for seedlings to maintain growth.