嗜温气单胞菌的鉴定及其外膜蛋白型研究

从病鳖、鳗鱼体内分离到2株嗜温气单胞菌(TAh-3、EAs-1),经形态学观察、生理生化特性等鉴定,确定TAh-3为嗜水气单胞菌,EAs-1为温和气单胞菌。动物感染试验结果表明,TAh-3株为致病性嗜水气单胞菌,对鲫鱼的致死率100%,EAs-1株为非致病性温和气单胞菌。SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示,TAh-3株外膜蛋白(OMPs)型由7条蛋白带组成,其中1条主带大小为40.0kDa;EAs-1株OMPs型由8条蛋白带组成,其中2条主带大小为38.0kDa、45.0kDa。     

8株鳖源变形杆菌外膜蛋白的比较

从 1 2批送检病鳖体内分离出 8株细菌 ,经形态学检查、生理生化特性测定、致病性测定和血清学鉴定 ,确定 7株为普通变形杆菌 ,1株为奇异变形杆菌。进一步采用十二烷基硫酸钠 (SDS)破菌法提取 8株鳖源变形杆菌的外膜蛋白 (OMP)进行SDS PAGE电泳 ,比较分析细菌OMP型。结果显示奇异变形杆菌的OMP型由 3条相对分子质量范围为 3 0× 1 0 4～4 3× 1 0 4的主要蛋白带组成 ;7株普通变形杆菌的主要外膜蛋白相对分子质量范围为 3 0× 1 0 4～6 7× 1 0 4,分属 2个OMP型 ,其中 4个分离株属OMP1型 ,由 4条主要蛋白带组成 ;其余 3个分离株属OMP2型 ,由 7条主要蛋白带组成。表明不同种变形杆菌的OMP型差异较大 ,同种不同株变形杆菌的OMP型相似 ,但蛋白带的迁移率及颜色深浅在菌株间仍有差异。此外 ,发现相对分子质量约为 4 3× 1 0 4的一条外膜蛋白带为所有菌株所共有 ,可能是变形杆菌属特异性抗原     

一例黄鳝嗜水气单胞菌病的药敏试验

嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)属于弧菌科、气单胞菌属,普遍存在于淡水、污水、淤泥、土壤和人类粪便中,部分致病株对人和动物有致病性。本试验从2010年某淡水养殖场的发病黄鳝中分离出嗜水气单胞菌,并经过常规细菌学鉴定和双重PCR鉴定确定为携带气溶素基因的强毒菌株,而且经过黄鳝和小鼠回归试验进一步确认该病由强毒菌株嗜水气单胞菌引起,并根据药敏试验成功控制病情。     

鳖源致病性气单胞菌外膜蛋白型的差异分析

从鳖等水生生物中分离及收集到11株致病性细菌,经全自动细菌仪鉴定为气单胞菌.采用Triton X-100法和Sarkosyl法提取其外膜蛋白(OMPs),进行SDS-PAGE电泳及聚类分析.结果表明,不同的提取方法对OMPs型有影响,Triton X-100法提取的菌株OMPs条带较多,分子质量范围在17 ku～100...     

长春市售乌鳢携带嗜水气单胞菌情况调查

为探讨乌鳢体内嗜水气单胞菌携带情况,本调查以长春市售表观健康乌鳢为研究材料,从其体内分离并鉴定嗜水气单胞菌,并对分离株携带毒力基因情况进行调查,同时选取代表株进行致病性试验。结果显示:共分离嗜水气单胞菌107株,其中56%以上分离株携带3种以上毒力基因,88.79%(95/107)的分离株携带Lux S基因;致病性试验结果显示,携带毒力基因菌株对小鼠、斑马鱼均有一定致病性,随着菌株携带毒力基因种类的增多,致病力也相应增强。研究结果对研发食用乌鳢的公共卫生安全具有一定意义。     

巨蜥源嗜水气单胞菌分离株的病原特性分析

从 3批均以呼吸道症状和出血性胃肠炎为主要特征的死亡巨蜥中获得 3株嗜水气单胞菌。其培养性状及生化特性基本一致 ,均可产生β-溶血环。分离株对小鼠有较强的致病性 ,对PG、COS、VAN、CIP、NOR、CAR耐药。 3个菌株具有相同的菌体 (O)抗原血清型 ,该血清型与嗜水气单胞菌参考菌株 J1不同。应用丁胺卡那霉素和火焰消毒笼舍可有效防治上述菌株所导致的巨蜥疾病     

彩虹鲷致病性嗜温气单胞菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)属于气单胞菌科(Aeromonadaceae)，目前确定的种至少有17种，多数专家建议将其分为嗜温气单胞菌和嗜冷气单胞菌口]。本属菌中的运动气单胞菌，如嗜水气单胞菌(A．hydrophila)、凡隆气单胞菌温和生物型(A．veronii biovar sobria)等，是人类重要的水传致病菌。国外已将运动气单胞菌纳入人类腹泻病原的常规检测范围，是食品卫生检验对象。     

南京地区池塘水中嗜水气单胞菌的分离鉴定与相关毒力基因检测

嗜水气单胞菌在自然界广泛存在,是一种典型的人-兽-鱼共患病病原菌。本研究收集南京市多处湖泊池塘水样,采用增菌、平板分离培养、生化试验和种特异性16S rRNA基因扩增等进行嗜水气单胞菌的分离鉴定;采用PCR技术检测分离株毒力基因的分布,进一步通过动物试验确定是否为致病性菌株。结果,从28份水样中共检出嗜水气单胞菌7株,检出率达25%;其中致病性菌株4株,占被检嗜水气单胞菌总数的57.14%(4/7)。本研究有助于了解南京市水体环境中嗜水气单胞菌的污染情况,为进一步预防该菌所引起的相关疾病的发生和传播提供理论依据。     

中华鳖“腐皮病”病原的研究

对江苏省吴县、吴江等地区养殖的患“腐皮病”的中华鳖的病原进行了分离，从病鳖的肝脏分离得菌株B-1，用菌株B-1进行人工感染，100%的鳖患病，出现与自然病鳖相同的症状。对B-1株进行菌体形态特征、培养特性、生理生化反应及致病因子检测，证明该菌为致病性嗜水气单胞菌。     

嗜水气单胞菌Ⅲ型分泌系统ascV全长基因的克隆及其在不同菌株中的分布

根据已发表的嗜水气单胞菌Ⅲ型分泌系统（TTSS）的ascV基因保守区核苷酸序列设计合成1对引物,以国内疫苗菌株J-1的基因组为模板,通过PCR扩增得到331bp保守基因片段,将目的片段进行测序。在此基础上,分4段克隆J-1株的Ⅱscv基因并进一步拼接,全长为2166bp,同时PCR检测ascV基因在66株嗜水气单胞菌中的分布情况。测序分析发现,扩增出的J-1株ascV全长基因与嗜水气单胞菌AH-1、SSU、AH-3的同源性分别为97％、86％、86％,与杀鲑气单胞菌杀鲑亚种A449的同源性为86％,与温和气单胞菌的同源性为87％。PCR检测表明,64株能扩增出n5fV基因的目的片段,包括2株无毒菌株,而在2株有毒菌株中却未能检测到,说明TTSS在嗜水气单胞菌致病机制上的作用值得进一步探讨。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.