动物专用抗原虫药咪唑苯脲研究进展

咪唑苯脲是一种具有良好治疗和预防作用的动物专用抗原虫药。文章综述了其理化性质、抗原虫机理、药代动力学、毒性、残留和临床应用等方面的研究进展,旨在为其在兽医临床的合理使用提供理论依据。     

对咪唑苯脲抑菌作用的研究试验

目前细菌耐药性愈来愈严重，新药开发速度已远远落后于细菌耐药性产生的速度，所以对于老药新用就显得越来越重要。咪唑苯脲（Imidocarb）最初作为最佳抗巴贝西虫药投入市场，对多种巴贝西虫病和无定形体等均有很好的防治效果，并且对附红细胞体病也有一定的作用。为进一步了解咪唑苯脲对其他原核生物是否有抑制作用，本实验室对其进行了抑菌试验。     

犬巴贝斯虫病的诊治体会

犬巴贝斯虫病是巴贝斯虫科、巴贝斯虫属的原虫,寄生于犬的红细胞内引起的一种原虫病,对人和动物的健康危害较重.随着国内宠物犬饲养数量增加,应对巴贝斯虫感染情况予以重视.该病经蜱传播,又称"蜱热"主要表现为高热、贫血、黄疸、血红蛋白尿,死亡率高.本文采用输血和应用特效抗巴贝斯虫药三氮咪和咪唑苯脲等综合治疗方法,以达到治愈该病的目的,为该病的诊治找到了新的方法.     

动物原虫病药物防治要略

<正>1梨形虫病治疗药物梨形虫病旧称焦虫病、血孢子虫病,是一类经硬蜱传播,由巴贝斯科或泰勒科原虫引起的血液原虫病的总称,该病原引起的疾病主要包括牛、马、羊、鹿等反刍动物以及猪、犬和人的巴贝斯虫病和牛、羊的泰勒虫病。针对反刍动物巴贝斯虫病的治疗药物目前主要有咪唑苯脲、三氮脒、锥黄素和喹啉脲等。咪唑苯脲对各种巴贝斯虫均有较好的治疗效果,其剂量为1～3毫克/千克体重,配     

咪唑苯脲治疗水牛巴贝西虫病的试验

咪唑苯脲是一种高效、低毒的抗梨形虫新药,国外已被广泛应用于治疗家畜的各种巴贝西虫病。兽医大学于1986年在东北地区进行了该药对驽巴贝西虫病的疗效试验。为了进一步验证该药对水牛巴贝西虫病的疗效、剂量及副反应等,特进行了以下试验。     

马焦虫病的防治

马焦虫病是一种以蜱虫为主要传播媒介的血液原虫病,其病原为驽巴贝斯虫。此病发病率非常高,致死率低,患病马精神沉郁,怀孕母马常发生流产。治疗此病先需用盐酸丫啶黄、1%的贝尼尔溶液、10%的咪唑苯脲等驱虫药对患病马匹体表的蜱虫进行扑杀,再清除病马体内的毒素,可以使用强力解毒敏或有清热解毒作用的中兽药排出驽巴贝斯虫及其代谢产物。     

咪唑苯脲缓释剂治疗温氏附红细胞体病的效果观察

咪唑苯脲(Imidocarb),又名双咪苯脲,属于均二苯基脲的衍生物,是一种动物专用的新型抗原虫的化学药物,目前是治疗奶牛附红细胞体病比较有效的药物,并能控制疫情,但不能彻底杀灭附红细胞体[1]。本试验用研制的咪唑苯脲缓释剂,用于临床治疗奶牛附红细胞体病,观察治疗效果,以期找到临床上治疗附红细胞体病更有效的药物。     

丙酸咪唑苯脲的研制及其对梨形虫病的治疗试验

以苯甲腈为起始原料 ,经硝化、环化、还原、缩合、成盐等五步反应合成抗梨形虫病新药丙酸咪唑苯脲 ,用 IR、UV、MS、1HNMR、13 CNMR、元素分析等对其化学结构进行了确证。UV法测定牛血药浓度及组织残留量。小白鼠 i P丙酸咪唑苯脲 ,LD50 =84.4± 1 3.5mg/kg。该药无致突变性和无致畸效应。用其治疗家畜梨形虫病 ,临床治愈率为 75%～ 1 0 0 %;预防水牛巴贝西虫病 ,试验组和对照组的发病率分别为 0 .72 %和 1 0 %,两组差异特别显著 ( P<0 .0 1 )     

抗巴贝斯虫药物的研究进展

巴贝斯虫病广泛存在于热带和亚热带国家,给畜牧业造成严重的经济损失,目前对于巴贝斯虫病的治疗尚无特效药, 作者就近年来治疗巴贝斯虫病的药物研究现状进行综述。常用的较为有效的药物咪唑苯脲对肝功能具有损伤作用,阿托伐醌和阿奇霉素联用可造成寄生虫细胞色素b基因突变,且复发感染和寄生虫对药物产生耐药性较为严重。对于抗巴贝斯虫的化合物开发主要集中在噻唑和咪唑等杂环化合物及其衍生物等。利用分子生物学的方法寻找寄生虫中适当的靶基因并进行其颉颃剂的研究取得了一定的效果,另外还有一些试验结果显示部分传统药物对于抗巴贝斯虫有效。     

苯硫咪唑对猪线虫的驱虫效能

苯硫咪唑(5—苯硫基—2—苯并咪唑—氨基甲酸甲酯)广泛用于各种动物线虫病、某些吸虫病和绦虫病的驱虫。该药虽被用于临床,但对某些重要问题还需作更充分的研究。本研究的目的是测定苯硫咪唑对猪肠道线虫病的治疗剂量,测定在治疗量和超量条件下对动物机体的影响,以及口服后苯硫咪唑及其代谢产物在组织器官中的蓄积作用。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.