农业机械化在今年一号文件中的分量加重

今年中央一号文件是新中国成立以来中央文件首次对农业科技进行全面部署,文件强调把农业科技摆在更加突出位置,对农业机械化高度重视,用单独一段对农业机械化的工作进行具体部署.这对我国加快农业机械化发展有着重要而深远的意义,农业机械化事业将开启新的篇章. 仔细分析2004年以来中央关于"三农"的9个一号文件,虽然关于农机化的内容字数不等,表述不同,但提纲挈领,字字珠玑.2004年～2006年三年对农机化的内容表述相对简单.2007年～2009年,中央一号文件对农机化内容的表述更加丰满,出现了许多新看点,蕴含更多新内涵,为农机化加快发展营造了一个非常好的环境.     

中央一号文件锁定加快推进农业现代化——要求坚持传统精耕细作与现代物质技术装备相辅相成的原则

<正>1月19日,中共中央、国务院印发了《关于全面深化农村改革加快推进农业现代化的若干意见》,这成为新世纪以来指导"三农"工作的第11个中央一号文件。虽然与2013年中央一号文件一样提出了加快发展农业现代化的主题,但是今年中央一号文件对于农业机械化的发展给予了更加重要的地位和更为细致的指导。2014年中央一号文件全文10000多字,共分8个部分33条,包括完善国家粮食安全保障     

如何解读十六个中央一号文件

"中央一号文件"原指中共中央每年发的第一份文件。现在已经成为中共中央重视农村问题的专有名词。中共中央在1982—1986年连续五年发布以农业、农村和农民为主题的中央一号文件,对农村改革和农业发展作出具体部署。2004—2009年又连续六年发布以"三农"(农业、农村、农民)为主题的中央一号文件,强调了"三农"问题在中国的社会主义现代化时期"重中之重"的地位。2013年中央一号文件提出,鼓励和支持承包土地向专业大户、家庭农场、农民合作社流转。其中,"家庭农场"的概念是首次在中央一号文件中出现。     

中央一号文件锁定加快推进农业现代化

<正>最近,中共中央、国务院印发了《关于全面深化农村改革加快推进农业现代化的若干意见》,这成为21世纪以来指导"三农"工作的第11个中央一号文件。虽然与2013年中央一号文件一样提出了加快发展农业现代化的主题,但是2014年中央一号文件对于农业机械化的发展给予了更加重要的地位和更为细致的指导。2014年中央一号文件全文10 000多字,共分8个部分33条,包括完善国家粮食安全保障体系;强化农业支持保护制度;建立农业可持续发展长效机制;深化农村土地制度改革;构建新型农业经营体     

解读2009年中央1号文件对农业机械化的影响

2009年的中央1号文件《中共中央国务院关于2009年促进农业稳定发展农民持续增收的若干意见》已经发布。该文件一共提出了5个方面28条措施来促进农业稳定发展与农民持续增收,而发展农业机械化是其中的1条。自2004年以来,党中央已经连续6次发布关于"三农"的中央1号文件,而农机一直是其中必不可少的内容。那么2009年的中央1号文件中提到农机的内容和以前有何异同?2009年的中央1号文件对农业机械化行业又会带来什么样的影响呢?下面对这些问题进行简要分析。     

一号文件锁定“三农” 深入推进农业供给侧改革

<正>2017年中央一号文件《中共中央国务院关于深入推进农业供给侧结构性改革加快培育农业农村发展新动能的若干意见》于2月5日正式发布。这已是国家连续第14年把一号文件聚焦"三农",对"三农"工作的重视程度可见一斑。今年中央一号文件主线同此前的中央农村工作会、全国农业工作     

中央一号文件强调加快推进农业现代化

<正>2014年1月19日,中共中央、国务院近期印发了《关于全面深化农村改革加快推进农业现代化的若干意见》,这成为新世纪以来指导"三农"工作的第11个中央一号文件。虽然与2013年中央一号文件一样提出了加快发展农业现代化的主题,但是今年中央一号文件对于农业机械化的发展给予了更加重要的地位和更为细致的指导。     

主编漫谈

早春二月，春回大地。春节前夕，2010年中央一号文件如徐徐春风，吹进亿万农民的心田。这是新世纪以来，中央连续发布的第七个一号文件。文件以”加大统筹城乡发展力度，进一步夯实农业农村发展基础”为主题，对今后一个时期的“三农”发展，特别是对2010年的农业农村工作进行了安排部署。     

落实一号文件 增强责任感紧迫感 努力实现农业科技体制与机制创新——张桃林副部长在贯彻落实中央一号文件精神会上的讲话（摘要）

一、认真学习中央一号文件，进一步增强加快农业科技进步的责任感紧迫感 大家都知道，今年中央一号文件的主题是聚焦农业科技创新．出台了一系列含金量高、管长远的政策措施。文件强化了农业科技的战略位置，突出了农业科技的公益性特征，指明了农业科技的发展方向，必将对我国农业科技跨越发展以及现代农业持续稳定发展产生重大而深远的推动作用。     

中央一号文件中的农机要素

<正>1月5日,新华社播发《中共中央、国务院关于深入推进农业供给侧结构性改革加快培育农业农村发展新动能的若干意见》。这份2017年的中央一号文件继续锁定"三农"工作,把深入推进农业供给侧结构性改革作为新的历史阶段农业农村工作主线。记者注意到,今年中央一号文件是历年来提及农机最多的一次,体现出党中央、国务院对农业机械化的高度重视。调整种植结构对农机差异化发展影响重大。中央一号文件提     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。