马铃薯新品种‘希森6号’的选育

‘希森6号’是国家马铃薯工程技术研究中心和乐陵希森马铃薯产业集团有限公司以‘夏波蒂’为母本,‘XS9304’为父本通过有性杂交系统选育而成,2016年通过内蒙古自治区主要农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号:蒙审薯2016003。同年通过国家马铃薯品种鉴定委员会鉴定,鉴定编号:国品鉴马铃薯2016003。该品种为中晚熟鲜食及加工兼用型品种,生育期91 d左右,薯块长椭圆形,黄皮黄肉,芽眼浅。薯块干物质含量22.60%,淀粉含量15.10%,维生素C含量14.80 mg/100g鲜薯,粗蛋白含量1.78%,还原糖含量0.14%。‘希森6号’抗马铃薯Y病毒病,中抗马铃薯X病毒病。2013~2014年参加内蒙古自治区品种区域试验,平均产量2 459 kg/667m2,较对照品种‘夏波蒂’增产46.40%。适宜在北方一季作区种植。     

马铃薯新品种冀张薯12号选育

冀张薯12号(原系谱号2001-9-226)是河北省高寒作物研究所2001年以大西洋为母本,99-6-36为父本杂交,后代经河北省马铃薯区域试验和生产试验选育而成,2011年3月通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定。其每667 m2平均产量1 880 kg,比对照坝薯10号增产498 kg,增幅36.0%;干物质含量19.2%,淀粉含量15.5%,粗蛋白含量3.25%,还原糖含量0.25%。,是一个优良的鲜薯食用型品种,适应在我国北方一作区水肥条件较好的地块种植。     

马铃薯‘希森6号’农艺特性及加工品质研究

为测试‘希森6号’作为薯条加工原料品种的农艺特性及块茎加工品质指标,将其与‘夏波蒂’、‘麦肯1号’、‘布尔班克’、‘苏兰1号’4个国外引进专用炸薯条品种进行了比较研究。2017年和2018年,在内蒙古商都马铃薯基地进行田间测试,结果显示,‘希森6号’两年平均产量比‘夏波蒂’等4个引进品种增产27.43%～124.41%,其干物质和还原糖含量符合加工兼用型品种的要求;‘希森6号’总糖苷生物碱含量7.10 mg/kg,低于‘夏波蒂’(15.30 mg/kg),类胡萝卜素含量252.25μg/100g,高于‘夏波蒂’(139.57μg/100g);‘希森6号’薯条加工产品感官评价与当前主要炸条品种‘夏波蒂’无显著差异。研究结果表明,‘希森6号’综合性状优良,产量优势突出,可作为薯条加工的原料品种。     

冀香糯1号的选育与栽培技术要点

冀香糯1号是以新香糯为母本,以冀糯1号为父本进行杂交,经过多年系统选育而成的中早熟粳香糯稻品种,2009年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定。该品种全生育期169 d左右,粗蛋白含量9.83%,糙米率82.5%,精米率74.3%,整精米率38.0%,胶稠度99 mm,碱消值6.0级。河北省2年区试平均产量580.41 kg/667 m2,较对照垦育20增产1.69%。适于在河北省长城以南唐山、秦皇岛稻区作一季稻种植。     

马铃薯新品种‘冀张薯14号’的选育

‘冀张薯14号’是张家口市农业科学院以‘3号’为母本,‘金冠’为父本,通过有性杂交经系统选育而成,2013年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号:冀审薯2013002号。该品种为晚熟鲜薯食用型品种,薯块淀粉含量13.22%,干物质含量18.68%,粗蛋白含量2.12%,还原糖含量0.34%,维生素C含量17.8 mg/100 g鲜薯。2012年参加河北省马铃薯品种生产试验,产量1 634 kg/667m2,比对照‘克新1号’平均增产16.76%。该品种抗马铃薯PVX、PVY、PVS和PLRV病毒病,抗晚疫病。‘冀张薯14号’适于河北省张家口和承德等地区种植。     

丰产抗病抗倒大豆新品种沧豆11选育

大豆新品种沧豆11是沧州市农林科学院2005年以鲁99-1为母本,沧豆4号为父本进行有性杂交,经系谱法选育而成。2019年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定。该品种在河北省区域试验中平均产量3199.5kg/hm^2,蛋白质含量39.85%,脂肪含量20.5%,抗SC3和SC7,全生育期107.4 d,适宜在河北省中南部夏播区域种植。介绍了沧豆11的选育经过及主要栽培技术。     

国审高油高产大豆品种石885的选育

石885是石家庄市农林科学研究院选育的黄淮海夏大豆高油型品种。2015-2016年参加国家黄淮海夏大豆中片品种区域试验,两年平均产量2 976.15 kg·hm^-2,比对照品种邯豆5号增产4.95%。2017年生产试验平均产量3 187.05 kg·hm^-2,比对照邯豆5号增产4.80%。2018年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

高产抗逆大豆新品种石豆12号的选育

石豆12号是由石家庄市农林科学研究院以石豆1号为母本,汾豆63为父本经有性杂交选育而成。2015-2016年参加河北省夏播大豆区域试验,平均产量3 284.0 kg·hm~(-2),较对照冀豆12增产6.22%。2016年参加河北省夏播大豆生产试验,平均产量3 229.7 kg·hm~(-2),较对照冀豆12增产4.91%。2017年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,准予推广。石豆12号的主要特点是高产、抗病、抗倒伏,适宜在河北省中南部夏播种植。     

高蛋白高产大豆新品种石豆11号的选育

石豆11号是由石家庄市农林科学研究院以化诱446为母本,冀豆4号为父本经有性杂交选育而成。2014-2015年参加河北省夏播大豆区域试验,平均产量3 093.9 kg·hm~(-2),较对照冀豆12增产2.51%。2016年参加河北省夏播大豆生产试验,平均产量3 108.0 kg·hm~(-2),较对照冀豆12增产0.87%。2017年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,准予推广。石豆11号的主要特点是高蛋白(45.79%)、高产、抗倒伏,适宜在河北省中南部夏播种植。     

杂交大豆杂优豆1号选育

杂优豆1号(皖豆25号)是安徽省农科院作物所1997年以M型质核互作雄性不育系W931A与恢复系WR016组配的杂交大豆新组合,这是世界上第二个通过正式审定、可进行产业化开发的大豆杂交种.2002-2003年参加安徽省夏大豆品种区域试验,两年平均产量191.16 kg/667m2,比CK中豆20增产15.37%,均达极显著水平.2003年参加安徽省夏大豆品种生产试验,平均产量177.28 kg/667m2,比CK中豆20增产19.14%.在多年多点试验示范中表现抗病、高抗倒伏、高产稳产的优点,蛋白质含量43.56%,脂肪含量18.96%,生育期111 d,商品性好,适于安徽省淮北及江淮地区作中熟品种种植.     

马铃薯新品种‘冀张薯13号’的选育

冀张薯13号’是张家口市农业科学院以‘3号’为母本,‘丰收白’为父本,通过有性杂交经系统选育而成,2013年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号：冀审薯2013001号。该品种为中晚熟加工型品种,2010～2011年参加河北省区域试验,平均产量1678 kg/667 m2,比对照‘夏坡蒂’平均增产29.24%。该品种适于河北省张家口和承德等地区种植。     

糖能兼用型甜菜新品种“吉能源甜菜1号”的选育

吉能源甜菜1号是以单胚品系DTN 162-3-11为母本,二倍体多胚品系HRR7为父本,按3∶1比例自然杂交而成。该品种在2008—2010年吉林省甜菜品种区域试验中,平均根产量为45627.6kg/hm2,比对照品种HYB74增产7.5%;含糖率为17.2%,比对照高1.6度,差异显著;产糖量为7836.5kg/hm2,比对照提高16.9%;乙醇产量4411.5kg/hm2,比对照提高18.2%。吉能源甜菜1号稳定性好,抗逆性强,适于东北西部及蒙东地区种植。     

Tuber growth and biomass partitioning of two potato cultivars grown under different n fertilization rates with and without irrigation

Nitrogen and water deficiencies are known to affect potato yield, but much less is known of their effect on tuber growth and biomass partitioning. The objective of this on-farm study conducted at two sites in each of three years, 1995 to 1997, was to determine the effects of supplemental irrigation and N fertilization rates on tuber growth and biomass partitioning of the cultivars Shepody and Russet Burbank. The N fertilization rates were 0,100, and 250 kg N ha^-1in 1995, and 0, 50,100, and 250 kg N ha_?1 in 1996 and 1997. The highest bulking rate observed in our study (7.3 g fresh tubers m^-2 °C^-1) can be considered near the potential bulking rate in New Brunswick. The water deficit in the absence of supplemental irrigation reduced this potential bulking rate by as much as 40%, but this reduction was much less at five of six sites and negligible at two of six sites. Nitrogen deficiency reduced the bulking rate at two of six sites. This negative effect of N deficiency on bulking rate was greater with irrigation than without irrigation at two of six sites; the tuber bulking rate with irrigation was reduced by as much as 50% with no N applied at one site. Shepody had a greater bulking rate than Russet Burbank. The tuber bulking of Russet Burbank, however, started earlier and lasted longer than that of Shepody. Water and N deficiencies increased biomass partitioning to tubers and large roots. Shepody partitioned a greater proportion of its biomass to large roots and had a greater root biomass than Russet Burbank. Our results demonstrate the ability of potatoes to modify biomass partitioning when grown under water and/or N stresses. As a result of this compensation, the reduction in tuber yield due to limited N and water stresses is minimized.     

马铃薯新品种—宣薯4号选育

‘宣薯4号’是宣威市农业技术推广中心用国际马铃薯研究中心(CIP)杂交实生籽选育而成,2009年经云南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。‘宣薯4号’属中晚熟品种,2007～2008年参加曲靖市马铃薯品种区域试验,平均公顷产量36 870 kg,比对照米拉增产6 255 kg,增幅为20.4%,比对照合作88增产10 000 kg,增幅为37.2%。该品种适宜滇东北海拔2 000～2 600 m微酸性红壤土作大春季种植,淀粉18.73%,属鲜食、加工、蔬菜兼用型品种。     

高产优质长粒型粳稻新品种垦育25的选育及栽培技术

垦育25是河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所育成的长粒型粳稻新品种,具有丰产性好、米质优、抗病能力强等优点。河北省区域试验平均产量694.5 kg/667 m²,较对照增产11.4%,米质达到国家优质3级米标准,田间表现抗倒性和抗病性强,适宜机械化栽培。2020年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,并被秦皇岛市列为主推水稻品种。     

Critical Nitrogen Curve and Nitrogen Nutrition Index for Potato in Eastern Canada

Plant diagnostic methods of N deficiency should be based on the definition of a critical N concentration, that is the minimal N concentration required to achieve maximum growth. The critical N concentration (N_c) of potato was determined from six on-farm field trials in which two cultivars (Russet Burbank and Shepody) were grown under three or four N rates with and without irrigation. Dry matter yield and N concentration of shoots and tubers were determined approximately weekly during the growing season. The N_c was determined by selecting data points for which the highest total biomass comprised of shoots and tubers was obtained, and by expressing N concentration (N) as a function of total biomass (W). The N nutrition index (NNI), calculated as the ratio between measured N concentration and predicted N_c during the growing season, was then related to the relative yield measured at harvest. Under non-limiting water conditions, the allometric relationship between N_c and total biomass for Russet Burbank (N_c = 4.57W^-0.42) was different from that of Shepody (N_c = 5.04W^-0.42), indicating that Shepody had a greater N concentration than Russet Burbank. The N concentration of Shepody was also greater than that of Russet Burbank under limiting water conditions. These results suggest that there is intra-specific variability in potato for the relationship between N concentration and biomass. The NNI ranged from 0.50 to 1.4. The relationship between relative yield and NNI expressed by a quadratic function accounted for a greater proportion of the variability with irrigation (71% for Russet Burbank and 82% for Shepody) than without irrigation (65% for Russet Burbank and 32% for Shepody). Our results suggest that the NNI could be a reliable indicator of the level of N stress during the growing season, particularly under non-deficient water conditions.     

高产、抗病、适应性广的红麻新品种 “中红麻10号”的选育

中红麻10号（原名“KB2”）系利用国外优良红麻种质“EV41”与国内抗病材料“72-44”有性杂交选育而成的不早花裂叶型红麻新品种。在1993～1994年湖南省区域试验中平均亩产纤维303.85kg比对照湘红麻1号(7804)248.20kg增产22.4%(春播)；在1994-1995年广西区试中比当地适应性强的“系选青皮三号”平均增产13.2%；在1997-1998年全国红麻区试中平均亩产纤维248.58kg，比新对照粤74-3增产15.8%；干茎产量比对照青皮三号平均增产25.4%，其增产幅度均达极显著水平，KB2的平均增产幅度在参试新品种中居首位，韧皮含量和硫酸盐纸浆得率比对照青皮三号提高3.6和1.42个百分点，也高于粤74-3；束纤维品质、单纤维长度和抗炭疽病性亦优于对照品种，抗倒性明显强于对照，表明“KB2”是一个集高产、抗病、抗倒、优质、适应性广于一体的纺织、造纸兼用的红麻优良新品种。     

Managing White Mold of Potatoes in a Rainfed Environment

The goal of this research was to evaluate the management techniques of cultivar selection, fungicide application number, fungicide spray timing, and nitrogen rate management. Cultivars of Superior, Shepody, and Russet Burbank were observed to differ in disease severity and yield. White mold was observed to be a yield limiting factor for Superior with r² values of 0.65 and 0.66 for the relationship between white mold severity and total and marketable yield, respectively. In contrast, Russet Burbank and Shepody had only 2 % to 4 % of yield variation explained by white mold severity. Superior showed significant yield responses to two boscalid applications as opposed to one or zero, and was the only cultivar to show a response to fungicide application number. Analysis of fungicide application timing showed discrepancies between responses of severity (quadratic effect) and yields (linear effect). Lowest severity was modeled to be at applications made at peak flowering, while highest yields were modeled to be at applications made prior to. Nitrogen rates were observed to affect white mold incidence whereby disease counts were elevated at nitrogen application rates below 134 kg/ha as compared to application rates in excess of 134 kg/ha.