基施有机肥对马铃薯原原种生产及二次结薯的影响

以早熟马铃薯‘早大白’为供试品种,在防虫温室内进行了有机肥对脱毒马铃薯试管苗生长及二次结薯影响的试验,旨在探索提高微型薯产量及试管苗利用率的途径。试管苗移栽70 d后收获微型薯并尽量保护好根系,继续使其结薯,进行多次收获。结果表明:多次收获微型薯的产量远高于一次性收获的微型薯产量,因此二次结薯可大大提高试管苗的生产效率。全部追施处理二次结薯单株结薯2.3粒,而基施有机肥33 kg/667 m2条件下单株结薯3.8粒,因此基施有机肥有利于试管苗的生长。     

马铃薯脱毒试管苗二次结薯量的试验研究

马铃薯脱毒试管苗在防虫温室生产一季微型薯,生产期间通过加强肥水管理和病虫害防治获得健壮的苗,收获微型薯后,再进行大田移栽,测定其二次结薯情况。结果表明,抗疫白产量为26808kg·hm-2,润者为19715kg·hm-2。其产品可作为原种一代,既解决了马铃薯脱毒试管苗的综合利用问题,又缩短了育种年限。     

必速灭防治马铃薯疮痂病效果试验

在网棚条件下,进行了必速灭防治马铃薯疮痂病的试验。结果表明必速灭可以显著地降低微型薯疮痂病感病率,降低病情指数,减轻疮痂病在马铃薯微型薯生产中的危害,而且促进了马铃薯扦插苗苗期的生长,提高了扦插苗的存活率、单株产量、小区收获产量和单株薯重。     

雾培马铃薯不同品种生长及微型薯产量比较

雾培法生产马铃薯脱毒微型薯是一项新型的无土栽培技术。甘肃省马铃薯微型薯雾培法生产中存在品种数量较少、多样性程度较低的问题,阻碍当地马铃薯产业化发展。为筛选出适宜雾培法生产微型薯的马铃薯新品种,促进甘肃省马铃薯产业的发展,选用4个马铃薯品种,以当地雾培主栽品种‘庄薯3号’为对照,采用马铃薯微型薯雾培法进行品种比较试验,对不同马铃薯品种的形态指标、生理指标及微型薯产量进行比较研究。结果表明,不同品种在株高、茎粗、根长、叶面积、叶绿素SPAD值、匍匐茎数量和微型薯产量方面存在差异。从单株结薯数来看,‘庄薯3号’(CK)微型薯产量最高,‘庄薯4号’和‘天薯11号’次之,‘陇薯10号’和‘冀张薯8号’产量最低。通过比较研究,‘庄薯4号’和‘天薯11号’品种生长性状好、微型薯产量高,适合雾培繁育微型薯。     

采收次数对马铃薯微型薯产量的影响

利用组织培养技术及无土基质栽培技术生产马铃薯脱毒微型薯,其单株结薯数较大田生产薯偏少,从而间接导致微型薯生产成本提高.影响马铃薯形成块茎数量多少的因素较多,本试验主要从采收方法上着手,分析比较采收次数对微型薯产量的影响.     

扦插时期、光照与密度等条件在马铃薯微型薯生产中的影响

在马铃薯微型薯生产过程中,扦插时期不同,使马铃薯植株不同物候期所处的环境条件不同,严重影响植株生物学性状及微型薯产量。试管苗扦插生根主要受温度影响,光照通过影响温、湿度对生根起作用。密度不同,植株生长受到影响,微型薯数量与产量均不同。     

脱毒马铃薯原种网棚扩繁栽培技术

生产合格的马铃薯脱毒种薯，是马铃薯脱毒栽培的前提条件，可有效地防止马铃薯种性退化、产量降低和品质下降。根据多年的研究和推广实践，总结了适于辽宁西部生态条件的脱毒马铃薯原种网棚扩繁栽培技术体系，包括种植区域和地块的选择、网棚的设计与建造、整地施基肥、微型薯的播前处理、精细播种、田间管理、收获与贮藏等。     

不同浓度蔗糖诱导马铃薯微型薯形成时α-淀粉酶活性分析

利用不同浓度蔗糖诱导马铃薯微型薯 ,所生成的微型薯的产量不同。α 淀粉酶是马铃薯微型薯生长发育有关的一项重要生理生化指标 ,与块茎形成过程中干物质的积累密切相关。本文对在不同浓度蔗糖下形成的微型薯的α 淀粉酶活性进行分析 ,其结果表明 ,α 淀粉酶的活性与微型薯产量呈显著负相关     

不同浓度蔗糖诱导马铃薯微型薯形成时a—淀粉酶活性分析

利用不同浓度蔗糖诱导马铃薯微型薯，所生成的微型薯的产量不同。a-淀粉酶是马铃薯微型薯生长发育有关的一项重要生理生化指标。与块茎形成过程中干物质的积累密切相关。本文对在不同浓度蔗溏下形成的微型薯的a-淀粉酶活性进行分析，其结果表明，a-淀粉酶的活性与微型薯产量呈显著负相关。     

定西地区马铃薯脱毒原种高产栽培技术

马铃薯作为种薯生产 ,除一般的栽培技术之外 ,尚有一些特殊的要求。马铃薯脱毒原种就是将脱毒苗生产的微型种薯 (即原原种 )在大田土壤中生产收获的农业栽培技术的实施过程。1　原种生产中的特殊技术要点(1)防止病毒的感染。具体措施为 :在病毒病害多发区采用网室种植 ;在病害少的地区采用自然隔离种植———高海拔 (适宜种马铃薯的海拔范围 )无马铃薯和茄科等同病源作物种植的地区。(2 )马铃薯属忌氯作物 ,不能施含氯的肥料。(3)微型薯的休眠期较长 ,切忌种植未通过休眠期的原原种。(4)原种生产要求种植在水肥条件较好的地块。2　产量指标…     

Field performance of peat-lite mix encapsulated small minitubers

Small minitubers (1.3 to 1.9 cm diameter), produced in the greenhouse from tissue culture plantlets are usually discarded because they are undersized for field planting. They have potential as a means of expanding the production of basic nuclear potato seedstocks. Field trials were conducted to evaluate the performance of greenhouse-produced minitubers at 15 and 30 cm spacings, with one or two minitubers/hill, and with or without encapsulation in a moist ball of artificial greenhouse peat-lite mix. All minitubers were green-sprouted for about two weeks under 16 hr/day fluorescent lighting before planting. Encapsulation in moist peat-lite mix significantly increased total yield by an average of 44% over minitubers without the soil mix. Independent of encapsulation, closer seed spacing and two minitubers/hill increased yields by an average of 35% and 20%, respectively, compared to wider spacing and one minituber/hill. Yields of encapsulated minitubers compared favorably with cut (50 gm) and whole (80 gm) seed, averaging 103% of the cut and 87% of the whole seed yields, respectively. These results indicate that small minitubers can be used effectively to expand production of basic nuclear seedstocks.     

Pilot units of potato seed production in Mali, using in vitro material: micro/minitubers

Summary This notice displays trials of farmer seed potato production in Mali using micro and minitubers. A simple phytotechnique has been development to use this kind of prebasic material. In spite of severe culture conditions in Mali, the average yield varies from 6 to 12 t/ha for a microtuber plantation and from 8 to 14 t/ha for minitubers. Between two successive crops, the seeds are stored under diffuse light in a ventilated room. The profitability of the local seed production scheme seems interesting. The cost price of the second generation is already below the import price of seed potato.     

Improving the field performance of micro-and minitubers

Summary In many seed potato producing areas, micro- and minitubers are too small for direct planting as seed tubers in the field. Such use of these propagules can, however, be feasible if the crop's growth and development can be advanced. Increasing light interception, harvest index and yield of useable progeny tubers has been proved possible with plastic mulch and pre-planting of small tubers in a greenhouse. High amounts of nitrogen (up to 180 kg ha⁻¹) or deep planting (up to 9 cm) were less effective. Using older or pre-sprouted micro- or minitubers may be beneficial, because this might increase the number of sprouts per mother tuber (and thus stems per plant) or advance the growth of sprouts or stems. However, this would require even more careful management, due to the weakness of these sprouts and stems. Micro- and minitubers should be as large as feasible when used for direct planting in the field.     

春秋两季马铃薯微型薯休眠期及发芽特性比较分析

本研究以Favorita和南中552两个早熟品种的微型薯为试验材料,对春秋两季生产的微型薯在4℃和20℃条件下贮藏的休眠期及其发芽动态进行了系统观察。结果表明,两个基因型在20℃和4℃下贮藏,春季微型薯休眠期比秋季分别短30d左右和60d左右,有光贮藏的微型薯打破休眠的时间比黑暗贮藏时分别延长一周和两周。块茎打破休眠后,发芽动态呈"S"曲线,但生产季节、贮藏温度间存在显著差异。春季微型薯发芽持续时间均长于秋季微型薯,低温贮藏使发芽持续时间更加延长。     

Photoperiodin vitro affects subsequent yield of Greenhouse-grown potato tubers

In vitro potato plantlets of cultivar (cv.) Shepody (Solatium tuberosum L.) were exposed to 12-or 16-hr photoperiods for 8 weeks. Plantlets were acclimatized to the greenhouse and grown under 14-hr photoperiods until they senesced, and minitubers were harvested. Greenhouse-grown potato plants developed from tissue-culture plantlets exposed to a 16-hr photoperiod were taller and had more nodes than plants developed from plantlets exposed to 12-hr photoperiods. However, yield data of minitubers from greenhousegrown plants indicated that the 12-hr photoperiodic treatment increased the numbers, dry weight and specific gravity of minitubers. A further advantage of the 12-hr photoperiodic treatment was the greater numbers of minitubers in the 15–40 g size class compared with tubers in the <15 g and >40 g size classes. Thus, for the cv. Shepody, plant height and node number of greenhouse-grown plants were not good indicators of minituber yield from that crop. Seed potato nuclear stock facilities producing minitubers should investigate the possibility of optimizing minituber production by exposing multiplication cultures to shorter daylengths.     

Varying Nitrogen Concentrations to Optimize Basic Seed Potato Minitubers Production in a Three-Phase Hydroponic System

In hydroponics, nutrient management is the limiting factor to obtaining optimal production, and nitrogen (N) is the key component to consider when optimizing nutrient management in these types of systems. The objective of this study is to evaluate different combinations of N fertilizer concentrations in order to optimize the yield of basic seed potato minitubers in a three-phase hydroponic system. Treatments consisted of five combinations of N concentrations, applied before and after 21 days after plant transplant as follows, respectively: 1) 13 and 13, 2) 13 and 0, 3) 13 and 7.8, 4) 13 and 16, and 5) 13 and 26 mmol L^?1. Propagation was performed by transplanting 3–4 cm potato plantlets cv. Agata from sprouts. There were significant effects of N treatments on all measured variables (root, leaf, stem, and plant dry weight and minituber number and weight). To obtain the maximum minituber number yield, 9.51 minitubers/plant, corresponding to 67 minitubers/m², post 21-day adjusted N concentration was 18.4 mmol/L. Treatment 4 promoted higher basic seed potato minituber yield in a three-phase hydroponic system.     

Effects of Age and Pretreatment of Tissue-Cultured Potato Plants on Subsequent Minituber Production

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets were conditioned in tissue culture to produce more minitubers when planted in a greenhouse. Tissue-cultured potato plantlets, varieties Coliban and Russet Burbank, were grown for 4, 10, or 12 weeks under three temperature regimes (22/18 °C, 16/10 °C, and 10/2 °C day/night) and a photoperiod of 16, 12, or 8 h in different stages of growth. Duration, temperature, and photoperiod of the in vitro period affected plantlet morphology and the total number of minitubers produced per plant in a greenhouse. Extending the growing period and introducing a hardening period with low temperatures (16/10 °C) during the in vitro production stage resulted in 97% more minitubers (4.94 vs 2.50 minitubers per plant for the control) in variety Coliban and up to 71% (6.50 vs 3.80 minitubers per plant for the control) in variety Russet Burbank. The total number of minitubers produced per plant did not change significantly for both varieties when a shorter photoperiod was used instead of the standard 16-h day during the growing period in vitro. Results presented in this experiment demonstrate that the number of minitubers can be substantially increased through the introduction of an induction period as an interstage between the in vitro stages of potato plantlet production and minituber production.     

Use of jasmonate for conditioning of potato plantlets and microtubers in greenhouse production of minitubers

A two-year study was conducted to determine the effects of (1) jasmonic acid (JA) pre-treatment, (2) JA supplement in culture media, (3) cultivar (Amisk, Atlantic, Russet Burbank, Shepody, and Umatilla Russet), (4) light (0 h, 8 h), and (5) dormancy breaking treatment (Rindite, gibberellic acid) on greenhouse production of minitubers from microtubers andin vitro plantlets. The microtubers were produced under short day (8 h) light conditions and in darkness, from stock plantlets pre-treated with JA and untreated, and on tuberization media with or without JA.In vitro plantlets (the industry choice in nuclear seed potato production) of all five cultivars performed well, meeting the standard criteria for greenhouse production of minitubers. Production of minitubers from microtuber-derived plants of cvs Amisk, Russet Burbank, and Umatilla Russet was similar to that of plantlet-derived plants with regard to number of minitubers. Yields (weight), however, were lower than those from plantlets. Microtuber responses to JA varied with cultivar. Amisk produced the highest number of minitubers per plot from microtubers derived from JA pre-treated plantlets. Jasmonic acid-pretreated microtubers also gave significantly more minitubers in Russet Burbank and Umatilla Russet than the microtubers from other treatments. Shepody did not benefit from JA treatments and JA pre-treated Atlantic microtubers performed poorly, producing significantly lower yields of minitubers than other cultivars. Independently of cultivar, microtubers produced under 8-h photoperiod gave significantly higher yields of minitubers than microtubers produced in the dark. Dormancy release was the key factor influencing microtuber performance. Rindite proved to be a much more effective dormancy breaking treatment than gibberellin. JA conditioning of stock plants prior to tuberization is being proposed as a treatment in production of microtubers for greenhouse production of minitubers.     

Potato minituber production from nodal cuttings compared to wholein vitro plantlets using low volume media in a greenhouse

Summary A greenhouse minituber production system involving low inputs of in vitro potato plantlets and propagation media is described, in vitro plantlets of six potato cultivars were sectioned into nodal cuttings and separately planted into moist peat based growing medium in shallow plastic trays. Cultivar differences were evident with respect to node viability, shoot regrowth and minituber yields. Nodal viability for shoot regrowth varied between 80–100%. Maximum shoot heights were recorded with whole in vitro plantlets (WIP) and the terminal Node-5 cluster. All cuttings produced minitubers. The terminal Node-5 cutting and WIP produced significantly larger minitubers >3.0 g as compared to single node cuttings. Greater numbers of minitubers were produced by the cvs Norchip, Red Pontiac and Conestoga as compared to cvs Eramosa. G8610-4PY and Shepody. Total numbers of minitubers were 3 to 5 times higher from each in vitro plantlet that was sectioned into nodal cuttings as compared with intact WIP: the yield ratios depended on cultivar.