马占相思工业原料林立木材积表的研建

基于广西工业原料林马占相思人工实生林385株测定样木,对其系列材积表进行建模和编制,并以另外126株样木作为检验。编制结果表明:二元立木材积表采用动态山本式拟合回归模型,相关紧密误差小。一元立木材积表采用了胸径与材积相关,地径与材积相关直接编制;同时,应用二元材积模型进行导算的间接编制。编表过程中拟合并优选了胸径对树高回归模型、胸径根径间回归模型,为其系列材积表的编制及应用创造了条件。通过初步的检验表明,材积表是适用可行的。     

自动调控树高曲线和一元立木材积模型*

吉林延边地区目前年用一元立木材积表的误差，主要来源于估计各径阶高的误差。本文以双曲线为例，介绍三种多元树高曲线模型；称为自动调控树高曲线。在测定小班（或样地）直径分布时，同时测定小班（或样地）的断面积平均高，由此计算树高曲线，进而得到相应的一元立木材积表。其首选自动调控树高曲线式：Ｈ＝Ｈｍ．Ｄ／［Ｄ＋（Ｈｍ／Ｈｇ－１）Ｄｇ］。此式导出的一元材积表，经验证与实测材积的误差比原地区一元材积表减少约５０     

甘肃省山杏山杨相容性一二元材积模型研建

为建立适用于甘肃省的立木材积模型,获取更为准确的材积表,以甘肃省山杏、山杨为研究对象,采用电子经纬仪进行无损立木精测获取数据,并通过误差变量联立方程组方法,建立了两个树种的二元立木材积方程、一元立木材积方程以及树高-胸径回归模型,为准确估计相应树种的森林蓄积量提供了科学依据。利用经典的二元材积模型山本和藏式及指数树高模型进行联立得到相容性立木材积方程,通过6项指标对所得模型进行综合评价,结果表明:二元材积模型、一元材积模型都能取得良好效果,其中山杏二元材积表、胸径一元材积表的平均预估误差分别为2.12%,2.58%;山杨二元材积表、胸径一元材积表的平均预估误差分别为1.57%,2.01%;所建相容性一二元材积模型可用于甘肃省山杏山杨蓄积量估计。     

大兴安岭地区白桦天然林材积表的编制

依据大兴安岭地区草类白桦林、榛子白桦林、兴安杜鹃白桦林 3种林型 14 4 9株标准木的调查资料 ,采用SAS统计软件中的麦夸脱迭代法进行了材积式的拟合 ,提出了 3种白桦林型的一元立木材积表和二元立木材积表 ,两类材积表的拟合效果都比较理想。生产单位可以根据相应的材积式编制材积表 ,用于 3种白桦林型的资源调查工作。     

抚宁县地方材积表的编制

根据抚宁县林木生长现状与河北省一元立木材积表的差异,选择合适的Ｈ－Ｄ数字曲线方程,用图解法检验调整,用部颁二元立木材积表材积经验式导算出一元立木材积表。     

泡桐原木材积表的编制

<正> 泡桐是华北平原农区重要的速生用材树种,其原木是我国传统出口商品。但从六十年代以来,国内外均提出用我国现行原木材积表(LY 108-61)衡测泡桐原木材积误差过大,外贸部门和外商反映尤为强烈。为了解运用原木材积表衡测泡桐原木材积的误差状况,我们随机抽取了兗州、成武,烟台和民权等县、市的泡桐原木1,050根,以实测材积(一米区分段求积法)和查LY 108-61原木材积表所获数据相比较,并计算了误差(见表1)。     

编制多树种混合材积表方法的初步探讨

<正> 一个林区一般都生长着几个甚至几十个树种的林木。在具体林分中,有的为纯林,有的则为混交林。为调查立木材积,一般都编制地方性一元材积表。这种材积表又可分两种:一种是多树种混合材积表,如过去东北地区用的针叶树材积表和阔叶树材积表;另一种是分别树种编制的单一树种材积表。前者简便,但误差较大。如根据我们的分析,在直径相同时,榆树的材积仅为山杨材积的77.6%,黑桦材积仅为枫桦材积的79.8%;后者精度较高,但由于表格过多,容易造成混乱而出现错误。因此,在一个林区范围内,有必要编制出一套具     

雷州尾叶桉立木一元材积表的编制

利用雷州尾叶桉立木二元材积式导算一元材积表,并作了论证与评估。     

用干形指数法编制原条材积表及商品材积表的探讨

一、原条材积表的编制我国原条材积的测算方法历经三十余年的实施,已知误差较大。故从1985年12月1日起限制其使用范围,并将检径固定在离大头水眼内侧(斧口或锯口内侧)2.5m处,而改用下式计算杉原条材积: V=0.39(d+3.5)~2(L+0.48)/10000 (1) 其他树种原条材积可借用(1)式或沿用旧法查表。但(1)式须经大量实测数据导出,精度始有保证。而本文提出的方法,只须从二元材积表或树高级材积表算出干形指数r,再用下法即可成表。该表可提供各检径、不同高度且经过修匀的单株去皮树干材积,再按原条造材规格将     

皖北杨树二元立木材积表的编制

以安徽省杨树人工林为研究对象,按照立木材积表编制要求,随机抽取329棵杨树伐倒木材积资料.以300棵样木资料为编表样本,选用3种数学模型为二元材积的候选模型,利用非线性麦夸特迭代求解法确定各模型参数、剩余标准差、相关指数.根据相关指数和剩余标准差,确定最优二元材积模型为:V=0.000 096 93d2.0123h0.6147".以29棵样木资料为验表样本,分别计算二元材积模型理论材积与实际材积的平均相对误差、平均绝对相对误差和系统误差,计算结果为:二元材积表分别是2.7%、8.6%、0.1%.各种材积误差均满足林业生产材积估算误差要求.     

中国木材资源利用管理政策体系

中国林木资源利用管理政策主要包括森林采伐限额管理、凭证采伐林木制度、年度木材生产计划管理、木材运输管理和木材经营加工管理等内容,该文在参考《中华人民共和国森林法》和《中华人民共和国森林法实施条例》等法规和政策的基础上,梳理了中国木材资源利用管理政策,以促进国家木材政策体系的完善.     

中国森林认证产销监管链标准与《欧盟木材法》关于合法性的比较分析

2010年颁布的《欧盟木材法》要求所有进入欧盟市场的木材产品都必须具有合法性,而我国则在2012年出台了关于森林认证的2个国家标准——《GB/T 28951-2012中国森林认证森林经营》和《GB/T 28952-2012中国森林认证产销监管链》。文中通过对《欧盟木材法》和中国森林认证产销监管链标准关于木材合法性的比较分析提出,开展产销监管链认证或尽职调查是应对《欧盟木材法》的一种现实选择,但林产品外贸企业应以《欧盟木材法》实施为契机,进一步加强对林产品供应链的监管以确保木材来源的合法性,提升经营管理水平。     

不同胶黏剂对南方松CLT胶合性能的影响

为探索不同胶黏剂用于正交胶合木(CLT)生产的可能性,研究采用来自不同厂家的5种胶黏剂制备南方松CLT,以浸渍剥离率、剪切强度和木破率评价南方松CLT的胶合性能。结果表明:仅A-API和B-PUR1胶黏剂制造的南方松CLT胶层耐久性达到标准要求,木破率均未达到标准要求;5种胶黏剂对南方松CLT的浸渍剥离率、剪切强度和木破率有显著影响(P<0.005);从胶层耐久性、剪切性能和生产成本考虑,宜用A-PUR和A-API制造南方松CLT。     

On mechanical behavior of traditional timber shear wall in Taiwan I: background and theory derivation

The objectives of this study were to explore the mechanical behavior of traditional timber shear walls in Taiwan and to propose a theoretical model to predict their lateral force resistance. An extensive field investigation was conducted, and the dimensions, tectonic detail, and materials used were recorded. The data collected were used as the reference for theoretical derivation and experimental design. In the theoretical model, the moment resistance of entire shear walls was derived from the contributions of the moment-resisting capacity supplied not only by embedment and friction action between board units and beams but also the dowel action of bamboo nails. Timber shear walls with various geometric conditions and material properties are considered. The theoretical model demonstrated in this study can be used to predict the mechanical behavior of timber shear walls and will be verified by experiments in our next article.     

我国木材标准体系构建刍议

笔者在调查分析目前我国木材标准体系制、修订及研究工作现状的基础上,从标准化的对象着手,提出了由基础标准、技术标准和管理标准三大属性构建的木材标准体系新框架,同时给出基于标准化对象的木材标准体系实施建议。     

Comparative Studies on US Lacey Act Amendment and EU Timber Regulation

The US and EU markets are the main destinations of Chinese forest products.Through analyzing the similarities and differences between the US Lacey Act Amendment and the EU Timber Regulation,the paper focused on how to realize better compatibility and practicality of Chinese timber legality verification scheme in terms of verification standard setting,verification procedures,pilot work of timber legality verification scheme,capacity-building trainings and studies on key problems.     

Timber quality and volume increment of advance growth and planted Pinus sylvestris

Timber quality and increment of Scots pines were analysed in two adjacent stands in northern Sweden. One stand originated from advance growth, and one from planted seedlings. Height increment of advance growth that was higher than 1.3 m when released was slow compared with advance growth lower than 1.3 m and planted trees. Timber quality of advance growth, > 1.3 m at release, was poor due to high incidence of stem damage, most likely inflicted during the logging operation. Potential timber quality of planted Scots pines was better among dominated than dominating trees. Volume production was more than twice as high in the plantation as in the stand originating from advance growth. Slash burning after clear felling had a positive effect on production in the plantation.     

Comparative Advantages of Small-Scale Forestry Among Emerging Forest Tenures

Forestland tenure institutions and patterns are in a period of rapid change in the USA. Historically dominant forestland tenures are disappearing, and new tenures are emerging. Traditional, vertically integrated forest products firms have shed their forestland holdings which have been picked up by Timber Investment Management Organizations (TIMOs) and Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). Increasing numbers of private individuals and families are purchasing small rural tracts and some communities are developing innovative means to gain control over nearby forestlands in order to protect these lands from commercial real estate development. Within this context of rapid ownership change, small-scale forest owners including families and communities find themselves at a competitive disadvantage, relative to large corporate owners, in wood commodity markets. This paper considers how small-scale forest tenures, relative to large corporate tenures, may be advantageous to society with regard to selected ecological, social, and economic factors. While the paper primarily draws upon illustrations from the US Pacific Northwest, its themes are global in nature.     

基于LCA法的木结构建筑使用阶段碳排放探讨

木结构建筑可以发挥优良的固碳作用,促进生态环境的和谐健康和可持续发展。木结构建筑的使用维护阶段是其生命周期中持续时间最长、对碳排放影响最大的阶段。基于生命周期分析法研究了木结构建筑在使用过程中影响其碳排放的主要因素和量化方法,在此基础上针对性地提出了减少碳排放的措施。