工业和住宅污泥对大叶相思种子萌发以及幼苗生长参数的影响

在孟加拉国吉大港大学林业与环境科学院苗圃内,评价了污泥对大叶相思种子萌发以及幼苗生长的作用。播种前,将污泥与营养匮乏的自然林土壤按不同比率混合,分别在播种后的第1,2和3个月时,记录种子萌发情况和幼苗生长参数（枝条和根系的长度、直径、枝条的鲜重和干重、根和总的干物质量）。在播种前和幼苗采收后,分别测定各个处理的污泥-土壤混合物的理化参数（pH值、有机碳、氮、磷、钾）,以及重金属含量（铬、镍、锰、镉、锌）。结果表明,与对照相比,污泥-森林土壤混合物中播种的种子萌发率和幼苗生长参数发生显著变化。土壤-污泥按2：1混合时,种子萌发率最高（90%）,幼苗生长速率和生物量最大,有机碳和氮磷钾含量也最高。混有工业污泥的土壤中重金属含量要高于混有住宅污泥的土壤。在工业污泥土壤中,污泥-土壤按1：1混合时,重金属含量最高。据此推荐,在退化森林土壤中,土壤-污泥以2：1混合较适合大叶相思种子萌发和幼苗生长。     

施加磷肥和钾肥对苗圃内印度黄檀木生长和结瘤的影响(英文)

本文探测了无机肥(磷和钾)对苗圃内培养的印度黄檀生长和结瘤的影响。播种前,磷和钾肥以不同比例混合后与营养匮乏的自然林土壤混合,然后混合土再补以粪肥(混合土:粪肥=3:1)。出苗后60天时记录植株结瘤状况(结瘤数、形状、鲜重、干重和颜色)和植株生长参数(枝条和根长及鲜重和干重、直径)。与对照相比,补充肥料的土壤显著地改变了植株生长和结瘤状况(P<0.05)。植株结瘤的数目、鲜重和干重均在磷钾施肥量为 160kg/hm2时达到最大值,分别为62, 0.05g和0.07g。不同比例的补肥处理改变了结瘤形状和颜色,同时显著地影响了枝条和根长、直径、鲜重和干重等生长参数。研究揭示:苗圃内生长的黄檀,在贫瘠的自然林土壤中施以160kg/hm2磷钾肥并混以粪肥(混合土:粪肥=3:1)可使植株生长和结瘤的形成达最佳。     

干热河谷新银合欢人工林土壤颗粒态有机碳氮特征

[目的]探究人工林恢复过程中的土壤颗粒态碳氮含量变化特征,为研究土壤碳氮动态对人工林恢复的响应机制提供依据.[方法]选择金沙江元谋干热河谷天然灌草丛(对照样地,CK)和不同林龄阶段的新银合欢林地(新银合欢幼龄林(SL)、中龄林(ML)和成龄林(LL))为研究对象,研究天然灌草丛和不同阶段新银合欢林地土壤颗粒态碳氮含量的...     

广西喀斯特地区不同植被恢复模式土壤质量综合评价

以广西平果县喀斯特山地银合欢Leucaena leucocephala林、柚木Tectona grandis林、香樟Cinnamomum camphora林、顶果木Acrocarpus fraxinifolius林及弃耕地植被自然恢复(对照)等5种植被恢复模式的土壤为研究对象,分析其土壤理化性质变异特征;综合敏感性分析、主成分分析和相关性分析,确定了研究区土壤质量评价指标的最小数据集,对不同植被恢复模式的土壤质量进行了综合评价。结果表明:研究区土壤质量评价指标最小数据集由土壤自然含水率、田间持水量、非毛管孔隙度、有机质、全磷、全钾、碱解氮和速效磷等8个指标组成。速效磷是研究区土壤质量评价的高度敏感指标,也是影响土壤质量的主要限制因子。土壤质量综合评价指数由高至低依次为:香樟(0.355)顶果木(0.345)柚木(0.304)银合欢(0.299)对照(0.290),表明不同植被对维护和改善其土壤质量的能力存在差异,乡土树种香樟、顶果木优于外来树种柚木和银合欢。因此,在喀斯特地区植被恢复与重建时,应遵循植被分布规律,选择乡土种树,以促进植被自然顺向演替。总体而言,研究区土壤质量贫瘠,土地退化严重。     

新银合欢施石灰与根瘤菌接种效应的研究

新银合欢(Leucaena leucocephala cv.Salvador)又叫萨尔瓦多银合欢,是热带低地湿润地区树种,在适生条件下非常速生,是优良的多用途树种之一。 在自然条件下,新银合欢在中性和碱性土壤上生长良好,而适于该树生长的热带、亚热带气候区,土壤酸化现象日趋严重。许多国家试用施石灰、施肥、根瘤菌接种以及选种等     

土地利用方式对土壤有机碳和碳库管理指数的影响

土壤碳库管理指数反映土壤管理的科学性.对比研究了干热河谷新银合欢林、苏门答腊金合欢林、大叶相思林、印楝林、荒地和旱耕地土壤有机碳(SOC)、易氧化有机碳(ROC)含量和土壤碳库管理指数.结果表明:6种土地利用方式下SOC和ROC含量范围分别为4.22～5.92 g·kg-1和1.34～2.33 g·kg-1.各利用方式...     

土壤容重对3种植物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

通过盆栽试验播种山合欢(Albizia kalkora(Roxb.)Prain)、山毛豆(Tephrosia candida DC.)、菊芋(Helianthus tuberosus L.)种子,研究容重分别为1.11 g·cm-3、1.50 g·cm-3、1.88 g·cm-3的土壤对种子出苗率、出苗势和幼苗株高、根长及生物量的影响.结果表明,随着土壤容重的增大,3种植物种子的出苗率、出苗势均下降,幼苗的株高降低,根长缩短,地上、地下生物量减少.在容重大的土壤中出苗较好的为山毛豆,而从幼苗的生长情况看、在容重大的土壤中生长较好的为山合欢和菊芋.     

生长在石灰土上的白头银合欢组织的养分含量同生产力和土壤间的相互关系

近10余年来,速生、固氮的银合欢属(Leucaena)吸引了热带和亚热带地区的很大注意。银合欢不耐酸性和积水的土壤,早已被确认。最高产的银合欢出现在热带低地,中性至微碱性、排水良好的肥沃土壤,和年降水量超过1000mm、小于3000mm 的地带。夏威夷最佳产量的银合欢出现在年降水量650—1900mm 的地区。借助于测定银合欢的临界养分水平,可以了解银合欢的大量养分元素和微量养分元素同生长的相互关系。遗憾的是此类文献资料不多。在酸性土和钙质土上,银合欢最大生长的主导临界元素是磷(Benge,1977;Hegde,1983)。辛格等(1967)在1年中每个月分析银合欢叶子含养分量,知平均含磷和钙量分别为0.27%和1.47%;另一些研究的     

新银合欢种子发芽试验简报

含羞草科银合欢属中的新银合欢(Leucaena leucocephala),是适应性较广,生长迅速具有发展前途的饲料、燃料、肥料、木料树种。我国自1961年引种以来表现良好,但在育苗过程中,由于种皮坚硬具腊质,极难吸水,播种后短期内发芽率只有10—20％,有些种子甚至2—3年才能发芽。为了研究种子萌发吸水困难原因,摸索适宜的处理方法,对新银合欢种子进行了发芽试验.获得初步成果,现简报如下:     

种子不同保存方法及播种时间对水紫树发芽和幼苗生长的影响

以田间调查数据为基本资料,对极耐湿的水紫树种子进行沙藏和冷藏保存,分别于3月17日、4月1日播种,对其播种苗的发芽、幼苗生长进行统计分析。结果表明：冷藏保存的种子发芽慢,持续时间长,而沙藏保存的种子发芽相对较快,持续时间短,苗齐较冷藏处理早21 d。沙藏保存种子的幼苗高、地径的全年平均累计生长量极显著大于冷藏处理。3月17日播种的幼苗高、地径的全年平均累计生长量极显著大于4月1日播种幼苗的生长量。     

Effects of sludge on germination and initial growth performance of Leucaena leucocephala seedlings in the nursery

A study was carried out to determine the influence of different types of sludges （municipal, industrial and residential） on field germination, growth and nodulation of L. leucocephala seedlings in the nursery. Before sowing of seeds, different combinations of sludges were incorporated with the nutrient deficient natural forest soils. Field germination, nodulation status and physical growth parameters of seedlings （shoot and root length, vigor index, collar diameter, leaf number, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and total dry biomass increment） were recorded after three and six months of seed sowing. Field germination, nodulation status and growth parameters were varied significantly in the soil amended with sludges in comparison to control. The highest number of nodule was recorded from soil amended with residential sludge （ 1：1 ） and highest fresh and dry nodule weight was also found from the same combination in both three and six month old seedlings. In case of growth parameters, the highest growth was recorded from soil and residential sludge （ 1：1 ） combination compared to control. From the study, it can be recommended that soil amended with residential sludge （ 1：1 ） provide better field germination, growth and nodule formation of L. leucocephala in degraded soil.     

Effects of phosphorus and potassium addition on growth and nodula- tion of Dalbergia sissoo in the nursery

A study was conducted to test the influence of different inorganic fertilizers （phosphorous and potassium） on the nodulation and growth of Dalbergia sissoo grown in the nursery. Before seeds sowing, different combinations of P, K fertilizers were incorporated with the nutrient-deficient natural forest soils, and then amended with cowdung （soil： cowdung = 3：1）. Nodulation status （nodule number, shape, fresh weight, dry weight and color） in the roots and the plant growth parameters （length of shoot and root, collar diameter, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root） were recorded 60 days after seeds sowing. Nodulation status and growth of the plants varied significantly （P〈0.05） in the soils amended with fertilizers in comparison to the control. The highest nodule number （62）, fresh （0.50 g） and dry （0.07 g） weights were recorded with the dose of PK at the rate of 160 kg/hm2. Nodule shape and color also varied widely in different treatments. In case of plant growth parameters, shoot and root length, collar diameter, fresh and dry weight of the plants took on a significant difference （P〈0.05） among various combination of fertilizers. From the study, it is revealed that PK at the rate of 160 kg/hm^2 fertilizer with soil and cowdung mixture （soil： eowdung = 3：1） is recommended for optimum growth and nodule formation of D. sissoo in degraded soils at a nursery level.     

有效微生物群对雨豆树发芽率和苗木生长的影响

雨豆树的苗木种植在容器袋的沙和牛粪的混合质上(3:1)。在播种前后一周施用不同浓度(0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5% and 10%)的有效微生物群(Effective Microorganisms )液。测定发芽和苗木自然生长参数(包括:茎根长度,活力指数,直径,叶子数量,茎根的鲜重和干重,总的生物量增长量)。估计生化参数如叶绿素 a, 叶绿素 b,类胡罗卜素,并观测了受有效微生物群影响的生节情况。与对照相比, 经不同浓度有效微生物群液处理的雨豆树,发芽率和苗木自然生长参数都明显增加。施用 2%有效微生物群液的苗木生长率最大,其次是施用 1%有效微生物群液的苗木。1%有效微生物群液的生节率最高,并随浓度的增加而下降。尽管经有效微生物群液处理的苗木叶中色素比对照高,但叶绿素 a, 叶绿素 b,类胡罗卜素并不明显高于对照。随着有效微生物群液浓度的增加,苗木生长表现出不同的效果,大部分参数在中等浓度范围最高。研究表明,有效微生物群技术有助与提高苗圃中苗木的生长,有益微生物与容器袋土壤相结合有助于改善退化的或贫瘠的土壤,有利于初移植苗木的营养和水分吸收。表 4 参 17。     

Nursery practice on seed germination and seedling growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dalbergia sissoo</Emphasis> using beneficial microbial inoculants

Nursery practice using microbial inoculants was performed to find out the efficacy of the inoculants on seed germination and seedling growth of sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.). Microbial inoculants or effective microorganisms (EM) are a mixture of many different beneficial microorganisms in a solution. The seedlings were grown in a mixture of sandy soil and cowdung (3:1) kept in polybags with pouring EM solution at different concentrations (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5% and 10%) before and after a week of sowing the seeds. Seed germination rate and growth parameters of seedlings were measured, such as, shoot and root length, vigor index, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and total biomass increment. The nodulation status influenced by EM was also observed along with the measurement of pigment contents in leaves. The highest germination rate (69%) was observed in 2% EM treatment, followed by 67% and 65% in 1% and 5% EM. The highest shoot length (33.2 cm) was in 2% EM, whereas highest root length (26.3 cm) was in 1% EM. Both fresh and dry weights from shoot and root, were maximum (4.16 g and 1.57 g; 2.12 g and 0.83 g respectively) in 2% EM and were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different from control. Vigor index was highest (4071) in 2% EM, which was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different from control. Total dry weight increment was highest in 2% EM treatment, followed by 1% and 5% concentrations of EM. Nodulation number was higher at very low (0.1%) concentration of EM solution but it normally decreased with the increase of EM concentrations. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid were highest (60.11, 17.05 and 42.48 mg·L⁻¹ respectively) in 2% EM treatment and lowest (39.35, 13.55 and 27.29 mg·L⁻¹ respectively) in control treatment. Therefore, low concentration of EM (up to 2%) can be used for getting maximum seed germination rate and seedling development of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.     

丛枝菌根真菌对在含砷土壤中的云南石梓(Gmelina arborea)生长的影响(英文)

孟加拉东南部土壤中的砷含量很高,不仅威胁人的健康,而且对土壤也有破坏作用。云南石梓(Gmelina arborea)在孟加拉是个快速生长的树种,也是含砷土壤中的潜力树种。研究评价了含砷试验土中丛枝菌根真菌对云南石梓(Gmelina arborea)生长的影响。播种前,四种不同浓度的砷(10mg·kg-1、25mg·kg-1、50mg·kg-1和100mg·kg-1)被加入到试验土中。记录生长参数,如,植物的根、苗鲜重、干重、冠幅径、根长和苗高、根瘤菌和孢子菌群落。菌根植株较非菌根植株生长好。与其它含砷量高的土壤中植株的生长情况相比,在含砷量为10-mg·kg-1的土壤中,菌根植株和菌根生长效果最佳,菌根植株生物量最高。随着砷浓度的增加,种苗生长,根瘤菌和孢子菌群落均明显降低p0.05)。与非菌根植株比较,菌根植株高生长增加了40%,生物量增加了2.4倍。研究表明,根瘤菌接种可以减少有害土壤中的云南石梓(Gmelina arborea)的初生长的影响。     

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on biomass production and nodulation behavior of Pongamia pinnata Pierre seedlings under nursery conditions

At the seedling stage, a small amount of N is required to boost growth of leguminous plants. A pot experiment was conducted to observe the effect of N fertilizer on various growth parameters and nodulation behavior of Pongamia pinnata under nursery conditions. After the establishment of seedlings, four nitrogen treatments, 0, 40, 80 and 100 kg·ha^?1 N were applied in two equal splits. Monthly observations were taken for the morphological parameters viz. plant height, collar diameter, leaf number, root length, root shoot ratio, nodule number and weight per plant. Maximum plant height was recorded after application of N at 40 kg·ha^?1. Seasonally, the difference in collar diameter in rainy season was significantly higher than in winter or summer. However, more leaves were produced per plant at N-40 and N-100 treatments in winter and rainy seasons. Higher root length was recorded in rainy season than in winter or summer. Root biomass was higher than for stems or leaves. Seasonal effects of N-80 and N-40 treatments on leaf dry weight were significantly higher than for N-100 or N-0. Stem dry weight was higher at N-40 than at other treatments in winter and summer seasons. Root:shoot ratio was higher throughout winter to early summer. Nodule biomass was 2–3 times higher in rainy season compared to winter or summer. Maximum nodule number and biomass per plant were highest at N-40, followed by N-0, N-80 and N-100 treatments. New nodule formation started from June to the end of September. Maximum biomass per plant was recorded at N-40, followed by N-80, N-100 and N-0. Nitrogen treatment effect and seasonal behaviour interaction were not significant. Significantly higher numbers of nodules per plant were recorded in rainy season followed by summer and winter for all treatments. Higher nitrogen doses suppressed growth while lower doses promoted growth in Pongamia pinnata. Therefore, the lower nitrogen dose i.e., N-40 Kg·ha^?1 applied in two equal splits was suitable at the initial nursery stage for the increase in nodulation and biomass production.     

Nursery Sterilization and Inoculation Regimes for Alder Production

Nursery experiments using common alder (Alnus glutinosa) toexamine the interaction of soil sterilization and inoculationwith Frankia are described. Seedling growth was stimulated whensoil was sterilized with methyl bromide or dazomet at currentrecommended rates, but nodulation was reduced. Inoculation withcultured Frankia or a crushed nodule suspension significantlyimproved nodulation, especially if the inoculant was appliedbefore seed germination. However, seedling growth was significantlylarger using cultured Frankia than the crushed nodule inoculant.If the latter is used to inoculate alder seedlings, a reductionin the recommended rate of dazomet application to c. 285 kgha^–1 is likely to encourage nodulation, though seedlinggrowth will be reduced slightly.     

三个农林复合树种幼苗对施加磷肥的响应:生长和生节能力(英文)

对苗床培养的楹树、雨豆树和水黄皮袋装幼苗(6月龄)施以80kg·hm-2的磷酸盐,通过比较不同收获间隔期幼苗生长和生节情况,研究了施加磷肥对三个农林复合树种幼苗生长和生节作用。研究表明,施加磷肥显著促进雨豆树和水黄皮幼苗生长,但并未促进楹树幼苗生长。此外,施加磷肥还会显著增加楹树、雨豆树幼苗生节数和节大小,但对水黄皮幼苗作用较小,而且高收割间隔期会降低水黄皮生节表现。