黄瓜四种麻烦病害的有机防治技术要点

<正>近日,某有机蔬菜生产基地的技术员告诉笔者,霜霉病、细菌性角斑病、白粉病、病毒病等黄瓜病害正在发生,这几种病害均是黄瓜常发性病害,且一旦发生,一是扩散非常快,二是危害相当重,甚至可导致罢园。因此,一旦发现,应控制在初发阶段。有机蔬菜可选用的药剂有限,且效果均不是非常理想,要把加强田间管理放在第一位,其次是适当选用可用的药剂加强预防和控制。一、霜霉病     

保护地蔬菜病虫害影响及植保防治对策

1保护地蔬菜病虫为害对农业生产的影响 调查结果表明，我市保护地蔬菜病害重于虫害。以保护地黄瓜为例，常见病害有苗期的猝倒病、立枯病、沤根、根腐病、灰霉病等，这些苗期病害常常造成死苗或毁种。黄瓜生长生育期会发生霜霉病、角斑病、灰霉病、黑星病、病毒病、枯萎病、白粉病等。对黄瓜产量和品质造成大的影响的还是以黄瓜霜霉病、角斑病、灰霉病以及黄瓜黑星病为主。     

黄瓜霜霉病与细菌性角斑病的区别及防治

黄瓜在我县栽培历史悠久，常年种植面积约250公顷。经过田间调查，黄瓜霜霉病在我县属常发性病害，而黄瓜细菌性角斑病则属偶发性病害。由于这两种病害在发病初期症状极为相似，不易区分，菜农常常把黄瓜细菌性角斑病当成霜霉病施药防治，结果错过了防治适期，既增加了防治成本，又影响黄瓜的产量和品质。在此，笔者特将黄瓜霜霉病和细菌性角斑病的区别与防治措施总结如下：     

作物病虫害分类介绍及其防治图谱——黄瓜细菌性角斑病及其防治图谱

<正>黄瓜细菌性角斑病在我国各黄瓜产区普遍发生,尤其是东北、内蒙古等保护地黄瓜和华北春大棚发病严重,病叶率有时高达70%左右,是保护地黄瓜重要病害之一。黄瓜受害,不仅影响产量,而且降低商品价值。一般在田间与黄瓜霜霉病混合发生,而且常常被误认为是霜霉病而贻误防治时机,造成重大危害。     

日光温室蔬菜深冬病害防治技术

冬季若阴天多，光照弱，空气潮湿，日光温室(冬暖大棚)中的番茄、甜(辣)椒易引起落花落果，黄瓜易出现花包头，叶片发黄、不舒展、化瓜、沤根等症状；并诱发灰霉病、疫病、叶霉病、霜霉病、细菌性角斑病、白粉病等多种病害同时发生，对产量影响很大。因此，应采取相应的管理措施，以减少不良天气带来的损失。     

怎么区别温室黄瓜细菌性交斑病和霜霉病

<正> 大棚、温室种植黄瓜产量高、品质好、上市早,是一项很好的庭院经济。但大棚、温室黄瓜易感多种病害,其中以细菌性角斑病和霜霉病为多,而且较难辨别。介绍几种辨别方法,供生产中选用,以便对症下药。 1.角斑病属于细菌感染的病害,而霜霉病是由真菌引起的病害,且流行速度快,在高温、高湿情况下,三天就能使大部分植株染病。 2.清晨有露水时观察黄瓜叶,背面有暗绿色斑块,且较大,有的连片的,是霜     

温室大棚主要真菌病害的发生与防治

<正>温室蔬菜生产中常发性的几种重要病害白粉病、霜霉病、灰霉病、叶霉病日趋严重。由于多年来反复使用几种农药,病菌已对农药产生抗性。如何有效防治以上几种病害,保证蔬菜生产安全,已成为当前必须面对和急需解决的课题,笔者针对温室蔬菜生产中常发性白粉病、霜霉病、灰霉病、叶霉病,提出比较有效的防治措施和方法。     

黄瓜棒孢叶斑病(靶斑病)的显微识别与综合防治

<正>黄瓜棒孢叶斑病,又名靶斑病、褐斑病、小黄点病,是一种喜欢高温高湿的病害,主要危害叶片,严重时蔓延至叶柄、茎蔓和果实。以保护地受害严重(图1),多发生于黄瓜生长中后期,引起落叶。发病初期病斑表现为多角形,易与黄瓜角斑病和霜霉病混淆,发病后期又与炭疽病有许多相似之处。一般病田叶发病率为10%~25%,严重时可达     

正确识别保护地黄瓜的两种病害

保护地黄瓜产量高,效益好,近年由于连续种植、环境因素控制不良及栽培管理不当等影响,极易发生霜霉病和细菌性角斑病。二者苗期至成株期均可混合发生,且症状比较接近。发病时生产者常因误诊或防治不彻底等原因造成多次重复侵染,引起植株生长不良,产量和品质下降,特别是冬春温室大棚,损失更加严重。为解决这一问题,我们对保护地黄瓜霜霉病和细菌性角斑病     

露地黄瓜新品种——津绿21-49

津绿21-49是天津市绿丰园艺新技术开发有限公司选育的适合露地栽培的黄瓜新品种。一、特征特性该品种抗病性强,高抗霜霉病、白粉病,较抗枯萎病和细菌性角斑病。早熟性好,春季栽培(育     

植物新品种保护与品种审定的意义和异同

随着知识产权愈来愈受到社会各界的关注，植物新品种保护工作也显得尤为重要。该文着重介绍了植物新品种保护的发展概况、意义及其与品种审定的异同，使读者对植物新品种保护工作有所了解。     

大白菜施肥技巧与主要病虫害防治

1施肥技巧 大白菜施肥原则是：整地重施有机肥，苗后分次巧追肥。追肥要掌握“少量多次、前少后多、分期供给”。肥后及时浇水，以达到肥水均匀，充分发挥肥效。     

我国蔬菜产业和科学技术的发展与展望

1　我国蔬菜产业的发展现状蔬菜是人们日常生活中不可缺少的副食品,也是我国目前种植业中最具活力的经济作物。改革开放以来,随着市场经济的发展,农产品产销体制的不断改革和完善,特别是1988年实施“菜篮子工程”以来,蔬菜产业得到了蓬勃发展。1.1　播种面积1987~1999年,全国蔬菜播种面积由533.3万hm²,发展到1333.3万hm²,增长139.5%。1.2　总产量1987~1999年,全国蔬菜总产量由1.55亿t增加到4.05亿t,增长161.3%,使年人均鲜菜占有量达到330.7kg(世界各国人均105kg……     

Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and residues of oil and protein crops

Oil and protein crops are of growing importance in cropping systems. This study was carried out to compare oil crops of linseed, rapeseed, sunflower and protein crops of faba bean and white lupin for grain production, residual plant dry matter and nitrogen. Two field experiments with either oil or protein crops were conducted in 1993 and 1994, respectively. Total dry matter production, grain yield, residues, N concentrations and mineral N in the soil were measured. Dry matter production and distribution as well as N uptake and residues varied greatly among species and between years. In 1993, oil crops gave up to 3 t ha⁻¹ grain and 16 t ha⁻¹ residues with sunflower, while in 1994 up to 5 and 11 t ha⁻¹, respectively, were recorded with winter rape. Protein crops showed an opposite reaction in years. Nitrogen uptake and residual N amounts were correlated with dry matter production. Plant residues of oil crops contained 20–140 kg N ha⁻¹; those of protein crops up to 80 kg N ha⁻¹. Despite the variation of residual plant N the variability of mineral N in the soil at harvest was hardly influenced by crops and amounted to only 20–50 kg NO⁻₃-N ha⁻¹.     

果蔬采后存在问题及贮藏保鲜技术发展

随着生活水平的提高,果蔬产品成为人们摄取营养元素的重要食品之一。分析了我国果蔬采后存在的问题,并对低温及气调保鲜、化学保鲜剂、涂膜保鲜技术及超声保鲜技术等贮藏保鲜技术研究进行了综述,指出我国果蔬贮藏保鲜技术持续、稳定、健康的发展要倚重于科技创新。     

向日葵抗盐碱生理生化机制与生长发育特性分析

以Y05-222A和Y06-136R杂交得到的135株F₂群体为研究材料,测定过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脯氨酸（Pro）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛（MDA）等6个生理指标,并进行方差分析、相关性分析和通径分析,对F₂群体进行偏度及峰度分析。结果显示,以上6个生理指标在F₂群体中P>0.05,分布频率符合正态分布,同时存在双向超亲分离现象;相关性分析和通径分析显示,这些指标与抗盐碱系数均呈极显著相关（正相关或负相关）,且相关系数与总间接通径系数方向一致。POD活性的直接通径系数为0.5003,可见POD直接影响抗盐碱性;CAT活性和Pro含量的直接通径系数分别为-0.1317和-0.0384,间接影响抗盐碱性;SOD活性、MDA及可溶性蛋白含量直接或间接影响抗盐碱性。POD、SOD、Pro、CAT、可溶性蛋白和MDA各生理指标的抗盐碱作用表现为POD>CAT>Pro>可溶性蛋白>MDA>SOD。叶片数、株高、茎粗和盘径与抗盐碱系数呈极显著正相关,其相关性表现为叶片数>盘径>株高>茎粗。以上结果可为研究油用向日葵抗盐碱性提供一定的理论基础。     

On Fengshui and Rockery and Water Layout

Definition of Fengshui and the theories of selecting mountain and water environment in Fengshui were elaborated. Theories about mountain-water relationship were expounded from the perspective of piling of rockeries and layout of water, a residential area in Hefei City, Beijing Olympics Park, Hangzhou Prince Bay Park, mineral pit of Shanghai Chenshan Botanic Garden, Beijing Beihai Park, Shanghai Changfeng Park were taken for example to demonstrate the influence of traditional rockery and mountain layout in Fengshui on modern landscape design.     

果蔬食品的褐变与控制

结合生产实际,对果蔬食品产生褐变的机理及其控制途径进行探讨。通过遗传学途径,培育果蔬新品种,使之不含易氧化变色物质,增强其天然抗褐变性,是控制果蔬褐变的根本途径。     

Approaches and Applications of Chemomics and Chemoinformatics

Some novel concepts of chemomics/molomics are proposed including hydrocarbomics, alcophenomics, carboxomics, pepitomics, metabonomics, etc. like genomics, protomics and glycomics in bioomics. Some examples are given to demonstrate the chemomics and/or molomics methodology and technology based chemoinformatics and bioinformatics and their wide applications in Chemistry and Biology.     

Acidity and sweetness in apple and pear

Summary Sweetness and acidity in apple and pear inherit independently and can be organoleptically evaluated separately, but less accurately in pear than in apple. For breeding purposes an analysis of fruits for acidity and sweetness with pH indicator paper and a hand refractometer is to be prefered to the organoleptic method.In apple, the acidity-decreasing with time-of the unripe fruit was already strongly indicative of that of the eating-ripe fruit; sugar-increasing with time-not before the fruit was picking ripe. Sugar content in apple and pear, and the pH in pear, appeared to be normally distributed; the pH in apple showed a segregation into an acid and a low-acid group, which occurred in both the unripe and ripe stage. The segregation ratio between these groups was found to be highly variable. On the whole, the mean acidity and sugar content of apple and pear progenies is significantly determined by that of the parents. Most of the observations made did not support the theory that low acidity in apple is determined by one recessive gene. The relationship between the pH of leaf juice and fruit juice in apple may offer a possibility for pre-selection.