共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 375 毫秒
1.
作物秸秆是喂养草食家畜的重要饲料来源。但其粗纤维含量很高,蛋白质含量很低,营养价值不高。经过加工调制后的秸秆饲料。不仅消化率和营养价值会得到提高,还能提高适口性。我国秸秆资源非常丰富,因此,开发利用秸秆饲料是秸秆利用的一个很好的发展方向。 相似文献
2.
机械化秸秆还田技术应用与前景 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
农作物秸秆是农业生产的副产品,主要包括麦秸、稻秸、玉米秸、大豆秸、棉花秸、油菜秸等,分布广,产量大。我国的秸秆资源拥有量居世界第一,年产量约为6.5亿吨,提高秸秆的综合利用率,不仅能减少资源的浪费和环境污染,还可以提高整个农业生产系统的产出水平,是实现可持续发展的重要内容。 相似文献
3.
机械深施化肥技术是省政府12项重点推广的农业科技成果之一,也是农业部节本增效工程技术重点推广项目。为了解决农业生产中由于化肥的施用大量采用表施,造成化肥利用率太低(30%左右),浪费大、生产成本高、环境污染严重这一问题,使生产成本降底,增加粮食产量,提高农民经济收入。我县1995年引进LYJ系列追肥枪900支首次进行推广。 相似文献
4.
我国是一个农业大国,年产农作物秸秆6亿t,由于秸秆饲料加工技术滞后,致使大批秸秆被焚烧或废弃,严重造成了秸秆资源浪费,污染了环境。近年来,随着畜牧养殖业的快速发展,饲草需求量越来越大。随着人们对秸秆饲料产品的认识提高,秸秆饲料加工业的不断创新,农作物秸秆压块技术设备的开发生产,该项生产技术得到了推广应用。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
8.
近年来,国家为加快推进农业现代化,大力扶持农业机械化生产,实施农机购置补贴政策,激发了农民购机热情,农业机械保有量逐年上升。但同时也出现了农民不结合生产需要盲目购机,单机作业效率普遍不高,部分农机具闲置,资源利用率低,农业机械社会化服务覆盖面狭窄等方面的问题,造成了农机具投资浪费和资源浪费。 相似文献
9.
10.
干旱是我国大部分地区长期面临的问题,农业用水浪费大、效益低,是农业生产中的普遍现象。节约用水,提高农业生产中的水利用率是当务之急。本文就农业生产中以滴灌和微喷灌为主的机械节水灌溉技术设施的应用及前景进行了必要的分析与论述。 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
畜禽粪便与农作物秸秆是重要的农业废弃物资源。基于沼气生产的农业废弃物利用是当前农业废弃物最重要的用途。该研究对金东台模式和马庄模式进行了实地调研和比较分析,结果显示:金东台模式主要利用畜禽粪便进行沼气生产,经济、社会和环境等方面的效益显著,但该模式由于对资金、技术和地理位置要求高而推广受限;马庄模式的社会和环境效益显著,经济效益一般,但在当前推动农村集中居住的背景下发展潜力较大。该文的研究结果可以为苏北及周边地区的其他大中型沼气工程的发展提供有价值的参考。 相似文献
14.
现阶段我国的畜禽养殖固体废弃物利用程度仍不高,堆肥是畜禽粪便无害化资源化的重要技术手段之一。但主要以低效益的常规单一有机肥生产为主,大量的畜禽养殖固体废弃物资源得不到有效利用,造成环境污染。蝇蛆是畜禽养殖固体废弃物的高效生物转化器,畜禽废弃物可经蝇蛆生物转化后生产蝇蛆蛋白和优质有机肥。该文针对传统堆肥经济效益低、辅料依赖性强、处理周期长和成本高等特点,结合主要畜禽粪的组分特征及理化特性,在现有的蝇蛆生物转化畜禽粪工艺基础上,通过对蝇蛆生物转化畜禽养殖固体废弃物的产业化共性关键技术和设备进行研究,实现畜禽养殖固体废弃物的生态治理和高值化利用。 相似文献
15.
16.
鉴于铡揉的青(干)玉米秸秆、麦秸等农作物秸秆及牧草物料适用于养殖牛羊牲畜及生物质能发电等领域,可有效推动粮改饲政策进一步实施,设计了一种青贮秸秆铡揉机。为此,提出了青贮秸秆铡揉机的设计方案,并对青贮秸秆铡揉机的输送喂入装置、铡揉装置及抛料装置进行优化设计,并通过试验数据计算得到青玉米秸秆的物料相对含水率平均值为55%,秸秆铡揉长度为1 060mm,秸秆破节率的平均值达91%,标准草长率为8 9%。设计的青贮秸秆铡揉机对于助推畜牧养殖业的产业化发展,提高畜牧养殖产品肉奶品质、避免秸秆资源浪费及减少环境污染具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
17.
沼气工程残余物资源化利用研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
沼气规模化与工业化生产在解决能源问题的同时也产生了大量的发酵残余物沼液沼渣,国内外现有的沼液沼渣处理和利用方式不能及时、高效地消纳沼气工业化生产过程中所产生的大量沼液沼渣,由此产生了资源浪费和二次污染问题,已制约了沼气工业的发展。沼液沼渣富含植物生长所需的营养物质,是一种优质的有机肥。农田沼液沼渣暗灌工艺可快速、高效和大量地利用沼液沼渣,实现沼液沼渣的资源化利用。 相似文献
18.
沼气厌氧发酵生物催化剂研究进展与展望 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
综述了国内外厌氧发酵用多功能催化剂(如微生物、酶、营养物质、吸附剂、消泡剂、螯合剂及染料等)的研究进展,强调了催化剂在厌氧发酵中的作用,讨论了沼气发酵菌群、工艺控制和系统处理废弃物等方面的关键问题,突出了使用催化剂的技术优势,并对催化剂在厌氧发酵中应用的未来发展趋势进行了展望。沼气的生产不仅使生物质资源得到深度开发和循环利用,而且实现了废弃物无害化处理及多层次的资源化利用,变废为宝、化害为利,对解决人类社会所面临的能源危机和环境污染具有重大的意义。 相似文献
19.
In the Northern Highlands of Ethiopia, integrated crop-livestock production within smallholder farms is the dominant form of agricultural production. Feed availability and quality are serious constraints to livestock production in Ethiopia in general, and in its Northern Highlands in particular. The objective of this study was to describe the relationship between feed availability and quality and live weight gain, milk and manure production and the soil C balance in Teghane, Northern Highlands of Ethiopia. The so-called JAVA model procedure, that essentially predicts metabolizable energy intake and animal production on the basis of feed quality and quantity, has been used and linked to a soil carbon balance. Forages were ranked according to their quality (on the basis of metabolizable energy intake by livestock) in descending order. Rations were formulated by stepwise including components of increasingly lower quality to calculate the trade-offs between feed quantity and quality. In the model, the soil C balance was described in relation to soil organic matter decomposition, C input from roots, grazing and/or harvesting losses, feed residues and manure. Moreover, an analysis of monetary values of live weight gain/loss, manure and draught power is included. The results of the model showed that mean daily live weight gain and milk production per TLU continuously increased with decreasing herd size, while total annual live weight gain reached a maximum (62 Mg) at the use of the 30% best feeds and a herd size of 630 TLU. Soil C balance at this level of feed use is negative and deteriorates with increasing feed use. The model estimated an optimum herd size of 926 TLU to attain the maximum combined monetary value of live weight gain, manure and draught power at 50% feed use. Actual herd size in the study area was 1506 TLU. Our results indicate that in areas where feeds of very different quality are available, maximum benefits from meat and/or milk production and soil C balance can be attained by selective utilization of the best quality feeds, through a storage and carry-over system. 相似文献
20.
The sudden increase in the price of oil in 1973/1974 drew attention to the fact that energy resources are not inexhaustible. Since then fossil fuel consumption has risen and is currently close to the 1973 peak level. While agriculture has become technologically more efficient, it has become less efficient in its use of energy during the last few decades.Agricultural production up to the farm gate utilises less than 4% of national power energy consumption while it provides over 55% of the nation's unprocessed food. However, when the total food processing part of this cycle is taken into account nearly 16% of total national energy consumption is used in the overall production and preparation of food. When the biological and industrial energetics are considered, it is apparent that intensive agricultural production has both a low biological efficiency and a comparatively high usage of energy, apart from ruminant meat production under natural grazing conditions. What is needed is a planned use of resources coupled with a reduction in energy inputs without significantly depressing the high current levels of agricultural productivity.The possibility of achieving this objective is discussed. Reference is made to an earlier review by the same authors in which three potentially different sources of energy—straw, livestock wastes for use as fertilisers and livestock wastes for the production of methane—were examined. This paper discusses in detail glasshouse heating, power station waste heat utilisation and the possible exploitation of wind power.The paper concludes that the future for energy usage in agriculture is full of interesting possibilities requiring continuing R&D inputs. Nevertheless, investment in new energy forms must come from government sources, because of the high capital costs and attendant risks. 相似文献