果园生草的理论与实践--以黄土高原南部苹果园生草实践为例

根据黄土高原南部苹果园生草的研究实践,结合前人的研究成果,着重从理论上论述了果园生草的发展模式,并对黄土高原南部苹果园生草实践中注意的几个问题进行了讨论.     

农牧交错区草地农业系统理论与实践的探讨

分析了中国农牧交错区生态环境恶化的原因及后果.环境的恶化尤其是水土流失与土壤荒漠化是导致该区贫瘠与灾害的主要根源,而生态环境恶化的主要原因是综合治理与经济发展的长期失调.依据农牧交错区自然生境特点及资源优势,结合前人在该区开发治理的经验和发展草地农业试点的成果,草地农业系统应在农牧交错区开发治理中起主导作用.大力发展草地农业是农牧交错区农业可持续发展的有效途径,阐述了草地农业在农牧交错区生态环境治理与农业经济持续发展中的作用和发展模式.     

Current views on apoptosis in theory and medical practice

Apoptosis is a kind of cell death essential for normal functioning and survival of most multicellular organisms. Apoptosis plays an important role in physiological processes and in pathophysiology of some chronic diseases, including autoimmunity, cancer, lymphoma, AIDS, neurodegeneration and others. The present paper describes the interdisciplinary pathogenesis of programmed cell death, the mechanisms inducing apoptosis and the role of apoptosis in some physiological phenomena and in medical practice.     

One Health: From theory to practice

One Health approaches to human and veterinary medicine are critical to professionals addressing global issues of food security and disease prevention. However, we have yet to develop a sufficient strategy to translate our theoretical understanding to practical application. This paper will explore the current shortcomings of One Health, within both the medical and veterinary communities, and highlight solutions to overcome these challenges.     

Feline urological syndrome (FUS) - theory and practice

Feline urological syndrome (FUS, urolithiasis, feline urethral obstruction, ‘blocked cat’) is the most important condition of the lower urinary tract of the cat, both because of its frequency of occurrence and the immediately serious nature of some facets of the clinical condition. It is also an enigmatic disease on which much clinical and research effort has been expended, but about which much remains to be understood. Problems include those of definition, of aetiology and of pathogenesis, and each are of practical as well as theoretical importance. The first, in the absence of a single diagnostic criterion, is clearly essential as a basis for clinical management. Considerable efforts have been made to define a single cause or aetiology but have not proved helpful and it is now clear that the development of FUS may be related to a number of factors. Understanding of the pathogenesis of FUS remains patchy, for while the metabolic consequences of urethral obstruction are relatively well understood, little is known of the earlier, pre-clinical stages of the disease where the role of struvite crystals and the colloid matrix of the obstructing material remains unclear. These aspects, and their relevance in the management of clinical FUS will be discussed.     

Implementing a simulated client program: bridging the gap between theory and practice

INTRODUCTION: This paper outlines the design and implementation of an innovative communication skills training program at the Ontario Veterinary College (OVC). Based upon the body of research in human medical education reporting effective results through the use of standardized patients (SPs) for this type of training, an experiential learning laboratory using simulated clients (SCs) and patients was introduced to first-year veterinary students. METHOD: One hundred and four first-year students were assigned to 12 groups of eight or nine students plus a facilitator. Each student interacted with a simulated client and a patient while being observed by peers and a facilitator. The Calgary-Cambridge Observation Guide (CCOG) was used to guide students and facilitators with performance standards and feedback. Assessment strategies were utilized. RESULTS: Implementation of this program required extensive resources, including funding, expertise, facilitator training, time allotment in an already overburdened curriculum, and administrative and faculty support. Preliminary assessment revealed high student and facilitator satisfaction. The potential of this program for student education and assessment was recognized, and it will be expanded in years 2 and 3 of the DVM (Doctor of Veterinary Medicine) curriculum. CONCLUSIONS: Medical educators have created resources, including skills checklists and experiential learning modalities, that are highly applicable to veterinary medical education. Ongoing evaluation of the program is essential to determine whether we are meeting expectations for communication competency in veterinary medicine.     

养猪生产中"肺肠同制"理论与替抗实践

在“禁抗”的大背景下,人们必须改变与病原微生物打交道的策略,从以往通过抗生素的“打打杀杀”到“和谐共处”。文章根据中医传统“肺与大肠相表里”理论,探索替抗的“肺肠同制”技术路径,并阐明只有替抗产品与替抗管理同时进行,才能够真正实现使用“替抗”方法与抗生素使用时达到同样、乃至更好的效果。     

我国草田轮作的历史、理论与实践概览

大力推行草田轮作对我国农业结构调整及农业可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究概括了我国从作物连作制出现到草田轮作的发展历史;归纳了草田轮作的增产、减少病虫害及杂草危害、改土肥田、保持水土等生态效益和经济效益;总结了我国南亚热带地区“黑麦草→水稻”轮作等7个主要草田轮作模式;以草地农业理论为指导,结合我国粮食安全、农业结构调整、水土保持和农牧民致富需求阐述了大力推行草田轮作的现实必要性;从政策保障、理论指导和技术支撑3个方面论述了实行草田轮作的可行性;分析了我国2次“种草高潮”的经验得失,提出了今后应重点加强农业结构优化研究、草田轮作模式构建与示范以及满足草田轮作需要的作物及牧草品种选育等建议。