共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
T. A. Pshenichnikova I. F. Lapochkina L. V. Shchukina 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(2):287-293
The genetic control of morphological characters and gliadin composition was studied in two bread wheat lines with introgressed
segments from Aegilops speltoides Tausch. It was found that the transferred trait of leaf hairiness is controlled by one dominant gene, non-allelic to the
known gene, Hl1. It was localized in 7B chromosome. Whole plant non-glaucousness is under the control of an inhibitor gene, allelic to the
gene W1I of wheat located on chromosome 2B. This gene was found to be epistatic to the gene controlling spike waxlessness. The introgressed
gene for spike glume color was found to be allelic to the Rg1 gene located on 1BS of common wheat, but it was linked with another allele of the gliadin locus Gli-B1. 相似文献
2.
Bettina Heider Elke Fischer Tanja Berndl Rainer Schultze-Kraft 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(3):529-542
Pueraria montana var. lobata and P. phaseoloides originating from tropical Asia and parts of Oceania are ecologically and economically important legumes that are used as
green manure, cover crop or forage plants. Conservation and use of plant genetic resources require an understanding of the
extent and distribution of genetic diversity in any given region. In this study, genetic variation of five P. montana var. lobata and 16 P. phaseoloides accessions was analysed developing a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker methodology for Pueraria species and thereby creating basic data for follow-up research and the development of conservation strategies. Seeds were
collected from native populations in Bac Kan Province, a mountainous region in Northeast Vietnam. P. montana var. lobata presented a high level of variation with 54.3% of the detected markers being polymorphic, whereas P. phaseoloides exhibited an intermediate to high level of variation (45.5%). The P. montana var. lobata accessions clustered in congruence with their eco-geographical origin. For P. phaseoloides no correspondence between sampling sites and genetic differentiation was found. Inter-population differentiation was measured
as Jaccard's similarity coefficient (JSC). Mean JSC amounted to 0.35 in P. montana var. lobata and 0.52 in P. phaseoloides. Results are compared to other genetic studies of herbaceous legumes and conservation strategies are suggested. 相似文献
3.
N. P. S. Dhillon R. Ranjana Kuldeep Singh I. Eduardo A. J. Monforte M. Pitrat N. K. Dhillon P. P. Singh 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(6):1267-1283
Diversity among 36 snapmelon landraces, collected from 2 agro-ecological regions of India (9 agro-climatic sub-regions), was
assayed using RAPD primers, morphological traits of plant habit and fruit, 2 yield-associated traits, pest and disease resistance
and biochemical composition (TSS, ascorbic acid, titrable acidity). Typical differences among accessions were observed in
plant and fruit characteristics and snapmelon germplasm with high titrable acidity and possessing resistance to downy mildew,
Cucumber mosaic virus, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, Papaya ringspot virus, Aphis gossypii and Meloidogyne incognita was noticed in the collection. RAPD based grouping analysis revealed that Indian snapmelon was rich in genetic variation
and region and sub-region approach should be followed across India for acquisition of additional melon landraces. Accessions
of var. agrestis and var. momordica clustered together and there was a separate cluster of the accessions of var. reticulatus. Comparative analysis of the genetic variability among Indian snapmelons and an array of previously characterized reference
accessions of melon from Spain, Israel, Korea, Japan, Maldives, Iraq, Pakistan and India using SSRs showed that Indian snapmelon
germplasm contained a high degree of unique genetic variability which was needed to be preserved to broaden the genetic base
of melon germplasm available with the scientific community.
N. P. S. Dhillon and Ranjana contributed equally to this work and are considered the first authors. 相似文献
4.
Takuro Ito Toshinori Ochiai Hiroki Ashizawa Toshinori Shimodate Takahiro Sonoda Tatsuya Fukuda Jun Yokoyama Toshiaki Kameya Akira Kanno 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(5):1063-1071
The genus Asparagus (Asparagaceae) encompasses 100–300 species, including the important vegetable crop, A. officinalis (garden asparagus). Previous attempts to hybridize garden asparagus with A. densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop, with the aim of introducing disease resistance, were unsuccessful because of the failure of endosperm development.
In the present study, reciprocal interspecific hybrids between garden asparagus and A. schoberioides Kunth were generated by hand pollination. The F1 hybrids were analyzed by using both morphological and molecular techniques.
This is the first report describing the production of an interspecific hybrid between garden asparagus at the diploid level
(2n = 2x = 20) and its diploid (2n = 2x = 20) wild relative, A. schoberioides. Morphological characteristics of candidate hybrids were a mixture of those found in the parents, and cytological and RFLP
analyses confirmed that morphologically intermediate plants were indeed diploid hybrids of those two species. In other words,
post-zygotic isolation is not complete between phylogenetically distinct these two species. Our results suggest that other
Asparagus species may be capable of hybridizing with A. officinalis and that introducing wild characters through interspecific hybridization may offer advantages for breeding for novel traits.
Takuro Ito and Toshinori Ochiai authors are contributed equally to this work 相似文献
5.
S. Desai Ch. Narayanaiah Ch. Kranti Kumari M. S. Reddy S. S. Gnanamanickam G. Rajeswara Rao B. Venkateswarlu 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):229-234
Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is a non-edible oil-seed plant with adaptability to marginal semi-arid lands and wastelands. The Indian Government is
promoting jatropha to reduce dependence on the crude oil and to achieve energy independence by the year 2012, under the National
Biodiesel Mission. Selected strains of Bacillus spp., either supplemented with or without chitin, were tested for their ability to promote growth of jatropha seedlings in
pot culture studies. The strains supported growth of jatropha seedlings up to 42 days after sowing. Among all strains, Bacillus pumilus (IM-3) supplemented with chitin showed over all plant growth promotion effect resulting in enhanced shoot length (113%),
dry shoot mass (360%), dry root mass (467%), dry total plant mass (346%), leaf area (256%), and chlorophyll content (74%)
over control. Treating seeds with strain IM-3 without chitin resulted in enhanced dry shoot mass (473%), dry total plant mass
(407%), and chlorophyll content (82%). However, Bacillus polymyxa (KRU-22) with chitin supported maximum root length (143%). Either strain IM-3 alone or in combination with other promising
strains could be promoted further for enhanced initial seedling growth of jatropha. 相似文献
6.
Jorge Cunha Margarida Baleiras-Couto José P. Cunha Jorgete Banza Adelaide Soveral Luís C. Carneiro José E. Eiras-Dias 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(5):981-988
Wild populations of Vitis vinifera L.␣have been located in Portugal. Morphological characterization was carried out in three populations located in Alcácer
do Sal, Castelo Branco, and Montemor-o-Novo, and then compared using multivariate discriminant analysis. These populations
were from three different hydrological basins, therefore cross-pollination was not possible. It was verified that in each
population all plants were different. The data suggest that the frequency of female and male plants is rather variable in
wild populations. The morphology of the adult leaf, from the Alcácer do Sal population, had particular features when compared
with Castelo Branco and Montemor-o-Novo populations, which were more homogeneous. The length of teeth compared with width
at the end of the base, and the density of prostrate hairs between and on main veins (lower side) were the variables which
allowed the best discrimination among populations. 相似文献
7.
The variation in 20 morphological and agronomical traits has been evaluated in a set of chickpea genetic resources from four
countries. Data indicated differences between accessions in leaf, flower, pod, and seed traits and characteristics, as well
as in vegetation period. Multivariate analyses of these data segregated chickpeas into groups. Polymorphism in seed glutelines
was absent, while variation in seed prolamines was very limited. DNA amplification patterns have been analyzed by semi-arbitrary
primers and by specific microsatellite primers. Only some of semi-arbitrary primers generated usable DNA banding patterns,
moreover interpretation of these patterns can be more or less difficult. On the contrary specific primers amplifying microsatellites
at the specific loci generated unambiguous and reproducible differences between chickpeas. 相似文献
8.
Cherimoya (Anonna cherimola Mill.) is a fruit tree which originated in Peru and Ecuador and is now cultivated in several subtropical areas of the world. The characterization of cherimoya cultivars at allozyme level has been previously reported, but the geographic distribution and organization of this variation have not been fully characterized. In this study, we assessed the relationships among 206 cherimoya and four atemoya (A. cherimola ×A. squamosa) cultivars based on allozyme polymorphism. We have confirmed the genetic differences between atemoya and cherimoya cultivars, and showed that cherimoya accessions from Madeira, Bolivia and Spain form homogeneous groups of cultivars. Accessions from Chile and California form heterogeneous groups, probably due to their mixed origins. Cultivars from Peru and Ecuador showed a wide range of allelic variation, as is expected for accessions from the center of origin of this species. 相似文献
9.
10.
Marc Moragues Marian Moralejo Mark E. Sorrells Conxita Royo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(5):1133-1144
A comprehensive characterization of crop germplasm is critical to the optimal improvement of the quality and productivity
of crops. Genetic relationships and variability were evaluated among 63 durum wheat landraces from the Mediterranean basin
using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and microsatellites markers. The genetic diversity indices found were
comparable to those of other crop species, with average polymorphism information content (PIC) values of 0.24 and 0.70 for
AFLP and microsatellites, respectively. The mean number of alleles observed for the microsatellites loci was 9.15. Non-metric
multi-dimensional scaling clustered the accessions according to their geographical origin with the landraces from the South
shore of the Mediterranean Sea closely related. The results support two dispersal patterns of durum wheat in the Mediterranean
basin, one through its north side and a second one through its south side. 相似文献
11.
K. Aitken J. Li L. Wang C. Qing Y. H. Fan P. Jackson 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(7):1395-1405
Erianthus rockii, a wild relative of sugarcane, is drought and cold tolerant, and both are potentially important agronomic traits to the sugarcane
industry worldwide. As such it is of interest as a source of parental germplasm to sugarcane breeders and is currently being
used in sugarcane introgression programs in both China and Australia. To date morphological characters have been used to verify
the putative hybrids produced. Two crosses were generated between two different Saccharum species and two E. rockii accessions. Over 400 AFLP markers were used to identify the intergeneric hybrid progeny as well as determine hybrid diversity.
Both crosses generated hybrids but efficiency levels were very different and are probably related to the different Saccharum parent used in each cross. Cross 1 was between a Saccharum officinarum and E. rockii and generated 100% hybrid progeny. Cross 2, however, was between a sugarcane hybrid (S. officinarum × Saccharum spontaneum) and E. rockii and only 10% of the progeny were intergeneric hybrids. Inheritance of markers in the progeny was analysed and for both crosses
there were equal numbers of markers from both parents indicating n + n transmission of chromosomes. This is the first verification of E. rockii hybrids with molecular markers. It may now be possible to exploit genes of value from E. rockii in sugarcane breeding programs. 相似文献
12.
13.
Reciprocal crosses were made between Brassica carinata and its related species Sinapis alba. Pollen germination studies indicated the presence post-fertilization barriers in both ways. Sequential ovary–ovule culture
helped to realize the intergeneric hybrids from the cross S. alba × B. carinata. The F1 obtained was confirmed as a hybrid based on morphology, cytology and isozyme studies. The hybrid was backcrossed to its male
parent and obtained BC1 seeds, which were used to raise BC1 generation. The BC1 generation plants were further backcrossed to B. carinata in order to develop alloplasmic lines. 相似文献
14.
Savo Vuckovic Ivana Stojanovic Slaven Prodanovic Branko Cupina Toma Zivanovic Svetko Vojin Slavica Jelacic 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(2):421-428
Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) is a highly variable and widely distributed Old World perennial forage legume found in wild and naturalized populations
throughout temperate regions of Europe, Asia Minor, North Africa, North and South America, Australia, and New Zealand. Understanding
the relationships among birdsfoot trefoil morphological, ecogeographic and chemical characteristics may provide insights for
better utilizing of exotic germplasms. Ten birdsfoot trefoil populations were and sampled and determined in Serbia and Bosnia
and Herzegovina. Some morphological properties, such as growth form of populations, flower color, flowering period, number
of stems, length of main stem, number of racemes per stem, number of flowers per inflorescence, number of pods per racemes,
number of seeds per pods, hard seeds in the first year, dry matter (DM) yield, and some chemical properties, such as content
of crude protein, ash, fat, crude fiber, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, K/(Ca+Mg) ratio, and sulfur, manganese,
iron, copper, zinc, selenium and tannin contents, were determined in all populations. Serbia is an important origin center
of genes for many legume species. Considering the high values of their traits, some Serbian trefoil populations could serve
as a valuable breeding material. In comparison with populations from other parts of the world, Serbian populations are superior
in chemical properties and nutritional quality values. The investigated populations clustered in two distinct groups according
to the analyzed characteristics. 相似文献
15.
Genlou Sun 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(8):1737-1746
Elymus trachycaulus complex species are known for their morphological variability, but little is known about their genetic basis. The phylogenetic
relationships among the E. trachycaulus complex, and their systematic relation to other species in Triticeae remain unknown. Nucleotide diversity of ribulose-1,5
bisphosphate-carboxylase (rbcL) gene in E. trachycaulus complex species and several other Triticeae was first characterized and compared. A primary conclusion of the present study
is that nucleotide diversity for rbcL gene in E. trachycaulus species was detected with the estimates of nucleotide diversity θ = 0.00039 and π = 0.00043. The estimate of nucleotide diversity
in rbcL gene for species with different genome constitution here ranged from 0.00099 (π) and 0.00099 (θ) for the species with Ns
genome to 0.00226 (π) and 0.00291 (θ) for the species with St genome. The phylogenetic relationships of these species were
assessed using these rbcL sequences. A total of 47 variable positions including 19 parsimony-informative sites were detected among 24 accessions of
18 species/subspecies. The species with St, H/I and Ns genomes well separated from each other, and formed a three distinct
clades with higher bootstrap values support for both Parsimony and NJ analyses. The St genome containing species is sister
group of H/I genome containing species. Our result confirms that Pseudoroegneria is the maternal genome donor to these Elymus species studied here, regardless of their distribution. Elymus trachycaulus complex are more related to each other than to E. glaucescens, E. patagonicus, and E. solandri. This study suggested that Elymus species with StH genomes may form from multiple closely related sets of donors. 相似文献
16.
Twenty nine germplasm lines of Chenopodium quinoa and two of Chenopodium berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae were evaluated for 12 morphological and 7 quality traits for two test seasons. The 19 traits were analyzed for cluster and
principal component analysis. The first four PCs contributed 78.70 % of the variability among the germplasm lines. The first
PC accounted for 39.5% of the variation and had inflorescence/plant, plant height and stem diameter as the traits with largest
coefficients, all with positive sign. The characters with greatest positive weight on PC2 were days to maturity (0.309), inflorescence length (0.260) and branches/plant. All the germplasm lines were grouped into
six clusters based on average linkage method. Cluster III had high values for seed yield and most of the quality traits but
showed a small seed size. The dendrogram separated the two lines of C. berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae from the quinoa lines. 相似文献
17.
L. S. Rao P. Usha Rani P. S. Deshmukh P. A. Kumar S. K. Panguluri 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(6):1235-1244
Detection of genetic relationships between 19 chickpea cultivars and five accessions of its wild progenitor Cicer reticulatum Ladizinsky were investigated by using RAPD and ISSR markers. On an average, six bands per primer were observed in RAPD analysis
and 11 bands per primer in ISSR analysis. In RAPD, the wild accessions shared 77.8% polymorphic bands with chickpea cultivars,
whereas they shared 79.6% polymorphic bands in ISSR analysis. In RAPD analysis 51.7% and 50.5% polymorphic bands were observed
among wild accessions and chickpea cultivars, respectively. Similarly, 65.63% and 56.25% polymorphic bands were found in ISSR
analysis. The dendrogram developed by pooling the data of RAPD and ISSR analysis revealed that the wild accessions and the
ICCV lines showed similar pattern with the dendrogram of RAPD analysis. The ISSR analysis clearly indicated that even with
six polymorphic primers, reliable estimation of genetic diversity could be obtained, while nearly 30 primers are required
for RAPD. Moreover, RAPD can cause genotyping errors due to competition in the amplification of all RAPD fragments. The markers
generated by ISSR and RAPD assays can provide practical information for the management of genetic resources. For the selection
of good parental material in breeding programs the genetic data produced through ISSR can be used to correlate with the relationship
measures based on pedigree data and morphological traits to minimize the individual inaccuracies in chickpea. 相似文献
18.
S. D. Segura G. Coppens d’Eeckenbrugge C. H. Ocampo P. Ollitrault 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2005,52(4):455-463
In a general study of banana passion fruit genetic resources, diversity was analyzed in the two main cultigens, P. tripartita
var. mollissima and P. tarminiana, and their closest wild relative, P. mixta, scoring isozyme bands (IDH,PGM,ACP,PGD,DIA,andPRX)
on288 plants from 31 accessions. Polymorphismandallelic richness, Nei diversity indices, and neighbor joining clustering showed
that variation was poor in the cultigens in northern and central Colombia, while P. mixta appeared much more polymorphic.
The populations of P. tripartita var. mollissima and P. mixta from southern Colombia and Ecuador show higher diversity values
and are clearly differentiated from those of central and northern Colombia. This geographic component of variation is even
stronger than the interspecific one, which suggests a close relation and a regular gene flow between these two species. In
contrast, all the accessions of P. tarminiana constitute a clearly differentiated group, even if some introgression with P.
tripartita var. mollissima is also suspected. The high variation observed in the southern region indicates the proximity of
a center of diversity for banana passion fruit and collecting in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia is recommended. The high diversity
of P. mixta and the evidence of gene flow with P. tripartita var. mollissima constitute a favorable context for the implementation
of in situ conservation strategies. 相似文献
19.
Marie Malice Nicolas Martin Audrey Pissard Jorge A. Rojas-Beltran Antionio Gandarillas Pierre Bertin Jean-Pierre Baudoin 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(4):685-690
ISSR molecular markers have been used to investigate genetic diversity of oca (Oxalis tuberosa Mol.), an Andean neglected tuber crop species. Sampling procedure allowed a preliminary study of the genetic diversity at
the intra- and intervarietal levels. Twenty tuber lots conserved in situ in the microcentre of Candelaria and ex situ in the Toralapa Centre (Bolivia) were identified. Four ISSR primers amplified a total of 25 fragments of which 17 (68%) were
polymorphic. These experiments show that the structure of oca varieties is mainly based upon vernacular names with a greater
differentiation among tuber lots than within them, supporting agromorphological data. ISSR technique enlightened the existence
of heterogeneous varieties in oca and divergence between in situ and ex situ conservation strategies. These observations are potentially linked to the different ways of management of tubers in these
two conservation systems. 相似文献
20.
M. C. Vaz Patto M. Fernández-Aparicio A. Moral D. Rubiales 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(7):1517-1521
Several Lathyrus species have a considerable potential as alternative pulses in sustainable dryland farming systems mainly due to their high
tolerance to drought and disease resistance. Powdery mildew is a serious disease affecting several Lathyrus species. Little is known on the availability of resistance and the underlying resistance mechanisms against powdery mildew
in the Lathyrus genus. The present study assessed and characterized the resistance reaction to powdery mildew, Erysiphe pisi, in a collection of Iberian Lathyrus cicera accessions. In general, a compatible reaction with no macroscopically visible necrosis was observed but accessions with reduced
disease severity despite of a high infection type have also been identified. This Partial Resistance was in some accessions
only expressed in the adult plant stage. The controlling genes of the Lathyrus resistance mechanisms can be of great interest not only for the Lathyrus improvement per se but also for related legume species, like field pea. 相似文献