黑龙江省亚麻田间杂草及综合防治技术措施

本文对亚麻田间杂草的种类、密度和生长发育等情况进行了综述。针对亚麻田间杂草种类多，密度大，草害严重等诸多问题，提出了亚麻田间杂草的综合防治技术措施。     

甘肃省亚麻田杂草种类及危害程度评价

为准确评价农田杂草的危害程度,为亚麻杂草综合防控提供依据,采用倒置"W"9点取样法调查甘肃省亚麻主产区亚麻田杂草种类、株数、株高和盖度.依据调查结果分析提出相对优势度RA的计算公式:RA=RD(相对密度)+RF(相对频度)+RU(相对均度)+RH(相对高度)+RC(相对盖度).该计算方法与国内外文献报道的不同,属于计算...     

亚麻田几种常见杂草的鉴别及其防除

亚麻是黑龙江省垦区农业种植结构调整的主要作物,现亚麻种植面积占全省的2/3.但该区域农田开垦年限较短,杂草基数大,种类多,严重的草荒,影响亚麻产质量和机械作业,束缚了该区亚麻的发展.本文重点阐述亚麻田几种常见难以防治的杂草的鉴别和防治方法,对该地区亚麻发展有重要的指导意义.     

应用拿扑净加二甲四氯防除亚麻田杂草研究报告

亚麻是平播密植作物,亚麻田中的杂草直接影响亚麻生长,降低纤维品质。广大社员为提高亚麻产量和品质,增加收入,在苗期进行1—2次人工拔草,但每拔一次杂草都要伤苗5—6％。因此,麻田杂草是亚麻生产上急待解决的问题。为了解决麻田杂草丛生,我所从1980—1983年进行了亚麻田间     

连作、迎茬和轮作大豆对田间杂草群落变化的影响

采用定位试验方法研究了大豆长期(10—13年)连作、豆麦豆迎茬、豆米豆迎茬、麦米豆轮作、麦豆豆和麦豆豆豆短期连作条件下大豆田杂草密度、杂草种群和杂草地上鲜重变化。试验结果表明：田间杂草密度以豆麦豆迎茬最大，且明显高于其它茬口，豆米豆迎茬田间杂草密度最小，杂草密度在不同年际间存在着差异；北方大豆田杂草主要有藜、鸭趾草、苋、稗、龙葵、野苏、卷茎蓼、鬼针等；藜、鸭趾草、苋、稗为所有茬口所共有；随着连作年限的增加，使连作区一些杂草种类增加，这种差别主要是在双子叶杂草之间，单子叶杂草种类没有变化；豆麦豆迎茬田间杂草鲜重最大，但干旱年份各茬口杂草鲜重普遍减少。     

亚麻田和苎麻苗床地化学除草试验及生产应用

南方冬季种植的亚麻,田间主要杂草有看麦娘、牛繁缕.苎麻春季育苗苗床地主要杂草为看麦娘、马唐、牛繁缕.用5%金草克乳油每666.7m2用量45-50ml.在亚麻、苎麻播后45-90天,即杂草3-9片真叶时喷雾,其鲜重防效分别为87.1%和81.5%,对亚麻、苎麻安全无药害.一次用药后能完全控制亚麻全生育期和苎麻育苗期间的草害.     

亚麻化学除草技术应用研究

在调查出宾川县亚麻田杂草种类,分析出亚麻田杂草发生规律的基础上,研究出亚麻化学除草的药剂和配方以及相应的施用技术.3年累计示范推广亚麻化学除草5701.7hm2,节约生产费用846.5万元,新增总产值836.1万元,新增纯收益797.1万元,科技投资收益率120.44,经济效益非常显著.     

亚麻站立脱胶技术初探

利用脱胶剂于亚麻生育后期进行田间喷施，以达到脱胶的目的，收获后不用沤麻可直接送原料厂上机加工，初步结果：１．脱胶所用的脱胶剂种类与剂型、浓度及喷施时期，已达到了脱胶的效果；２．喷施后亚麻植株的形态变化、收获适期及田间鉴定标准；３．亚麻站立脱胶技术要在亚麻高产栽培技术的基础上，尤其强调植株于田间分布均匀、生长发育一致，无杂草为害和防止倒伏等措施，才能发挥更好的脱麻效果；４．收获后，取消沤麻环节直接上机加工试验，可顺利打成纤维。与温水沤麻相比，原茎干重降低、出麻率和强度有所增加，而种子的产质量有所降低。     

冀西北油用亚麻田杂草调查及化学防控技术研究

本文系统调查了冀西北地区油用亚麻田苗期杂草种类、群落及优势杂草,并开展了化学除草防除试验。结果表明,本区域油用亚麻田苗期杂草种类有16科43种,禾本科、菊科、藜科、蓼科,苋科为优势种,占杂草种类55.3%。优势杂草主要有藜、苦荞、狗尾草、野糜子、苋、野燕麦、苣荬菜、卷茎蓼、芦苇、皮碱草和野油菜11种。杂草群落类型为2~12元群落,以6~9元群落居多。试验筛选出防除阔叶杂草除草剂40%2·甲辛酰溴乳油等3种,防效在85%左右;防除禾本科杂草的除草剂10.8%高效盖草能等7种,防效在90%以上。筛选的所有除草剂对胡麻安全,可以在油用亚麻产区大面积推广应用。     

黑龙江省亚麻田间虫害种类及防治技术

根据黑龙江省亚麻田同虫害历年发生情况,针对亚麻主要虫害发生种类、发生危害情况进行了调查,介绍了田间主要害虫的危害、防治方法及亚麻常用杀虫剂特点与用法.     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.