无溶剂室温研磨固相反应合成4-吗啉基香豆素

以2-羟基苯乙酮和碳酸二乙酯为起始原料合成4-羟基香豆素,再与三氯氧磷反应得到4-氯香豆素,最后用4-氯香豆素和吗啉通过室温研磨固相反应,合成了含有吗啉基和香豆素环两种生物活性基团的4-吗啉基香豆素;对中间体和目标产物的结构进行了表征。该反应操作简单,产率高。     

脱二氧乙酰甲喹及N4-脱一氧乙酰甲喹的合成及结构表征

乙酰甲喹属于喹喔啉-N,N-二氧化物类兽药,有研究认定3-甲基-2-乙酰基-喹喔啉是乙酰甲喹的残留标示物。N4-脱一氧乙酰甲喹则被认为是乙酰甲喹在大鼠、鸡及猪肝微粒体中的主要代谢产物。为给乙酰甲喹代谢产物及代谢机制的深入研究提供理论依据,本研究采用Na2S2O4还原乙酰甲喹,合成3-甲基-2-乙酰基-喹喔啉和N4-脱一氧乙酰甲喹,经质谱、红外及1 H核磁等光谱技术对二者的化学结构进行了确证,为乙酰甲喹代谢产物及代谢机制的深入研究提供了理论依据。     

超声辅助提取栀子油的理化性质与脂肪酸组成分析

试验以栀子为研究对象,采用超声辅助提取栀子油,研究其理化性质与脂肪酸组成。结果表明：栀子油的酸值、碘值、皂化值、磷脂含量、水分及挥发物的含量分别为1.84mgKOH/g、120.72 g/100 g、193.3 mgKOH/g、1.54 mg/g和1.65%。栀子油主要含有14种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸的含量为82.66%,以亚油酸和油酸为主,含量分别为59.25%和21.47%;饱和脂肪酸中含量最高的是棕榈酸（8.78%）。栀子含油量较高,营养物质丰富,脂肪酸组成无限接近于世界卫生组织和中国营养学会提出的1:1:1的黄金比例,是一种开发价值较高的潜在油料资源。     

喹乙醇代谢物3-甲基-喹啉-2-羧酸的合成与鉴定

本实验研究了喹乙醇饲料添加剂的生物代谢物3-甲基-喹啉-2-羧酸的制备方法所制备的产品.主要通过利用保险粉先对原料乙酰甲喹进行脱氧,温度控制在70℃.反应过程中通过薄层色谱法(TLC)进行定性分析,得到了纯度很高的中间产物3-甲基-2-乙酰喹啉,对其进行再卤化反应,反应过程中用碘化钾试纸进行检测,得到了纯度高达99%的产物3-甲基-喹啉-2-羧酸,整个制备过程简单,易操作,且安全性高.     

Selection for lean weight based on ultrasound and CT in a meat line of sheep

Genetic parameters for carcass traits in lambs at weaning (average age of 128 days) measured by ultrasound (n = 1821) and computer tomography (CT) (n = 234), and response to selection for ultrasound eye muscle depth (UMD) and carcass LEAN weight, were estimated. The research flock comprised a meat line (ML) and a control line (CL) of Norwegian White Sheep. The ML was crossed with Texel from 1998, and selected for UMD from 1993 to 2001, and for LEAN weight from 2001 to 2004. For CT scanning, a mean of 23 images was taken per animal. Genetic parameters were estimated with univariate and bivariate mixed-animal models using AIREML, including all animals with records and their relatives. The statistical models included fixed effects, live weight or age of lamb at weaning (covariate), and a random genetic effect.

Heritability estimates for weight of LEAN, FAT and BONE were 0.57, 0.29 and 0.51 using model corrected for live weight. The heritability estimates were lower when these traits were adjusted for age. High genetic correlation was found between LEAN and UMD (0.70), and between carcass FAT and ultrasound fat depth (UFD) (0.82). The genetic trend for UMD regressed on year of birth was significantly greater for ML than CL in 2004.     

Evaluation of Effects of Dietary n-6 to n-3 Fatty Acid Ratios on Leukotriene B Synthesis in Dog Skin and Neutrophils

Résumé— Les effets d'alimentations supplémentées avec des ratios croissants decides gras polyinsaturés n — 6/n — 3 sur la synthèse de leucotriènes B dans la peau du chien et les neutrophiles sont présentés. Trente chien Beagles ont reçu pendant 2 mois avec une alimentation ayant un ratio n —6/n —3 de 28:1. Des aliments expérimentaux contenant des ratios de 5:1, 10:1, 25:1, 50:1 et 100:1 (six chiens par groupe) ont été administrés ensuite pendant 12 semaines. A la fin des deux mois d'alimentation témoin et au bout de 6 et 12 semaines d'alimentation expérimentale, les concentrations de LTB4 et LTB5 dans la peau et les neutrophiles ont été déterminées. Les neutrophiles de chiens ayant mangé des aliments de ratio 5:1 et 10:1 ont synthétisé 30–33 pourcent moins de LTB4 (P <0,05) et 370–500 pourcent plus de LTB5 (P <0,05) à 6 et 12 semaines, mais le relargage d'anions superoxide était inchangé. La peau des chiens stimulée par un lipopolysaccharide a synthétisé 48 à 62 pourcent moins de LTB4 (P < 0,05) et 48 à 79 pourcent moins de LTB5 (P <0,05) à 12 semaines. [Vaughan, D. M., Reinhart, G. A., Swaim, S. F., Lauten, S. D., Garner, C. A., Boudreaux, M. K., Spano, J. S., Hoffman, C. E., Conner, B. Evaluation of effects of dietary n —6 to n — 3 fatty acid ratios on leukotriéne B synthesis in dog skin and neutrophils. (Evaluation de l'effet du ratio d'acides gras n — 6/n — 3 dans l'alimentation sur la synthèse de leucotriènes B dans la peau du chien et les neutrophiles). Resumen— Evaluamos los efectos producidos por el aumento en la proportion de ácidos grasos poli-insatu-rados n-6 a n-3 en la dieta sobre la sintesis de leucotrienos B en la piel del perro y en los neutrófilos. Se administró durante dos meses una dieta con una proporión 28:1 de ácidos grasos n-6 a n-3 a un grupo de treinta Beagles. Se administraron dietas experimentales con proporciones de 5:1, 10:1, 25:1, 50:1 y 100:1 durante 12 semanas (seis perros por grupo). Se cuantificaron los niveles de leucotrienos B₄ y B₅ en la piel y en los neutrófilos al final de los dos meses de dieta control y a las 6 y 12 semanas de la dieta-tratamiento. Los neutrófilos de perros con dietas 5:1 y 10:1 sintetizaron 30 a 33% menos leucotrieno B₄ (P < 0.05) y 370 a 500% más leucotrieno B₅ (P <0.05) a las 6 y 12 semanas pero no alteraron la liberación de aniones superóxido durante la espiracion. La piel de perro estimulada con lipopolisacáridos sintetizó de 48 a 62% menos leucotrieno B₄ (P < 0.05) y 48 a 79% más leucotrieno B₅ (P < 0.05) a las 12 semanas. [Evaluation of effects of dietary n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratios on leukotriene B synthesis in dog skin and neutrophils (Effecto de la proporción de ácidos grasos n-6 a n-3 en la dieta sobre la sintesis de leucotrienos B en la piel del perro y en los neutrófilos). Abstract— The effects of diets supplemented with increasing ratios of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on leukotriene B synthesis in dog skin and neutrophils were evaluated. Thirty Beagles were conditioned for 2 months on a diet with an n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratio of 28:1. Experimental diets, containing n-6 to n-3 ratios of 5:1, 10:1, 25:1, 50:1 and 100:1 (six dogs/group), were fed for 12 weeks. At the end of the 2 month control diet period, and again at 6 and 12 weeks of treatment feeding, leukotriene B₄ and leukotriene B₅ were quantitated in skin and neutrophils. Neutrophils from dogs fed the 5:1 and 10:1 diets synthesized 30–33 per cent less leukotriene B₄ (P < 0.05) and 370–500 per cent greater leukotriene B₅ (P < 0.05) at 6 and 12 weeks, but had no change in the release of superoxide anions during respiratory burst. Lipopolysaccharide-stimu-lated dog skin synthesized 48–62 per cent less leukotriene B₄ (P < 0.05) and 48–79 per cent more leukotriene B₅ (P <0.05) at 12 weeks.     

Stage‐specific effects of osmolarity of a culture medium on development of pig oocytes and miniature pig somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos activated by ultrasound treatment

Whether high osmolarity of a culture medium at the early culture stage affects the development of pig oocytes and miniature pig somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos activated by ultrasound was examined. When oocytes were cultured in modified porcine zygote medium‐3 (mPZM‐3) with increased NaCl to 138 mmol/L (mPZM‐3+NaCl; 326 mOsm) or 50 mmol/L sucrose (mPZM‐3+sucrose; 318 mOsm) for the first 2 days and then cultured in normal mPZM‐3 (273 mOsm) for 5 days, the cleavage and blastocyst formation rates were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of oocytes cultured in mPZM‐3 for 7 days. The cleavage and blastocyst formation rates of SCNT embryos cultured in mPZM‐3+NaCl for the first 2 days and then cultured in mPZM‐3 for 5 days were also significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of embryos cultured in mPZM‐3 for 7 days. These results showed that the high osmolarity of a culture medium induced by increasing NaCl concentration during the first 2 days improves the development of pig oocytes and miniature pig SCNT embryos activated by ultrasound.     

亚洲璃眼蜱差异表达新基因P18的克隆和鉴定

为了进行抗蜱和蜱传病疫苗的研究,本实验对亚洲璃眼蜱雌蜱吸血前后唾液腺消减文库中获取的一个全长编码基因P18进行了研究。该基因全长519bp,共编码170个氨基酸,分子量为18.36Ku,等电点为4.28。BLAST分析表明,该基因预测的氨基酸与肩突硬蜱、篦子硬蜱唾液腺的抗凝血小肽有30%～40%低度同源性。将该基因亚克隆到pET-32a( )表达载体,转化BL21(DE3)宿主菌,经IPTG诱导,重组融合蛋白以可溶性形式高效表达。将可溶性重组蛋白免疫小鼠后获得的抗血清。经免疫印迹分析表明,该重组蛋白抗体可特异性的识别半饱雌蜱唾液腺中的天然蛋白抗原,而未吸血雌蜱唾液腺中则不显现特异条带。RT-PCR结果进一步证实,该基因在蜱吸血后的唾液腺中差异表达。     

Effect of γ‐aminobutyric acid on growth performance and immune function in chicks under beak trimming stress

This experiment was undertaken to examine the effect of beak trimming stress on the growth performance and immune system, and to consider possible roles of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) in this stress response. Results showed that body weight, feed intake and relative spleen weight were significantly increased by GABA at 80 mg/kg (P < 0.05) under beak trimming stress, whereas the relative organ weights of the bursa of fabricius and thymus were not significantly affected (P > 0.05). Adrenocorticotropic hormone concentration in serum was highest for chicks fed the GABA‐deficient water and was significantly decreased by the supplement of GABA at days 1, 3 and 5 after beak trimming (P < 0.05). The supplement of GABA significantly increased the proportions of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ lymphocytes, especially at the dose of 60 mg/kg (P < 0.05). The levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, lipopolysaccharide‐induced tumor necrosis factor‐α and IL‐6 in serum were significantly decreased by GABA at 80 mg/kg (P < 0.05). All the three cytokines expressed in the spleen were significantly decreased by GABA at 80 mg/kg when birds were under beak trimming stress (P < 0.05). It is concluded that beak trimming suppressed the immune response of chicks, whereas the immune response of chicks could be improved by GABA supplementation.     

Isolation and characterization of a low pathogenic duck hepatitis A virus 3 from South Korea

The D11-JW-018 strain of duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) was isolated from 7-day-old ducklings in Kyeonggi province, South Korea with no clinical signs of typical hepatitis.     

Evaluation of the distance between Schwalbe’s line and the anterior lens capsule as a parameter for the correction of ultrasound biomicroscopic values of the canine iridocorneal angle

Objective To determine whether the distance between Schwalbe’s line (the peripheral termination of Descemet’s membrane, i.e., the borderline between the cornea and sclera) and the anterior lens capsule (SLD) is an applicable parameter for correcting raw ultrasound biomicroscopic values of the canine iridocorneal angle (ICA) and to establish a comparative system for the ICA values in different canine breeds with varied body sizes/weights. Animal studied The dogs were divided into four groups based on body weight (BW): <4 kg, 4–8 kg, 8–20 kg, and >20 kg, and 180 normotensive eyes were studied. Procedures The ICA microstructure was examined by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) using 40‐MHz probes in dogs with or without anesthesia/sedation. Linear regression analysis and correlation coefficients were evaluated between SLD or SLD² and UBM measurements; subsequently, noncorrected and SLD‐corrected UBM values were statistically assessed. Results Significant linear correlations were detected between SLD and the ciliary cleft width, the minimum distance between the angle recess and the scleral venous plexus, and the scleral thickness. Positive linear correlations were also demonstrated between SLD² and the ciliary cleft area as well as the scleral venous plexus area. Raw UBM measurements were corrected by using a ratio with SLD on the distance or SLD² on the area. Although noncorrected UBM measurements increased with canine BW, SLD‐corrected UBM values remained similar with no significant statistical differences in any of the dogs. Conclusions Correction with SLD would be clinically useful for comparing UBM measurements of the ICA in dogs with different body sizes/weights.     

Immortalization and characterization of a new canine mammary tumour cell line FR37‐CMT

Here we describe the establishment of a new canine mammary tumour (CMT) cell line, FR37‐CMT that does not show dependence on female hormonal signaling to induce tumour xenografts in NOD‐SCID mice. FR37‐CMT cell line has a stellate or fusiform shape, displays the ability to reorganize the collagen matrix, expresses vimentin, CD44 and shows the loss of E‐cadherin which is considered a fundamental event in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The up‐regulation of ZEB1, the detection of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and the downregulation of DICER1 and miR‐200c are also in accordance with the mesenchymal characteristics of FR37‐CMT cell line. FR37‐CMT shows a higher resistance to cisplatin (IC₅₀>50 µM) and to doxorubicin (IC₅₀>5.3 µM) compared with other CMT cell lines. These results support the use of FR37‐CMT as a new CMT model that may assist the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying EMT, CMT drug resistance, fostering the development of novel therapies targeting CMT.