兔肠道组织提取物与抗生素抗菌活性的比较研究

将新鲜兔小肠组织匀浆机匀浆,经高温处理,乙酸浸提后,检测抗菌活性,收集具有抗菌活性的兔肠道组织提取物,采用琼脂糖弥散试验,使用兔肠道组织提取物和常见抗生素(青霉素、红霉素、环丙沙星、庆大霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、磺胺甲噁唑)分别对大肠杆菌8099株、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC6538株、绿脓杆菌ATCC9027株、白色葡萄球菌8032株作抑菌对比试验。试验结果表明:兔肠道组织提取物的抗菌活性普遍介于浓度为5万U/mL与10万U/mL青霉素之间、25 mg/mL与50 mg/mL的红霉素之间、3.12与6.25 mg/mL环丙沙星之间、1.25与2.5 mg/mL丁胺卡那霉素之间、1875 U/mL与3750 U/mL的庆大霉素之间;兔肠道组织提取物的抗菌活性强于或等效于50 mg/mL复方磺胺甲噁唑。结果表明,使用兔肠道组织提取物替代抗生素治疗某些细菌性疾病是可能的,初步显示了它在抗菌药物方面的应用前景。     

复合微生物制剂对肉仔鸡小肠内容物酶活性的影响

研究复合微生物制剂(乳酸菌 芽孢杆菌)对肉仔鸡小肠内容物酶活性的影响。结果表明:饲喂14天后,基础日粮中添加0.3%复合微生物制剂的肉仔鸡,其胰腺淀粉酶、肠胰蛋白酶和肠糜蛋白酶的活性显著增加,比只饲喂基础日粮的肉仔鸡分别提高了32%、12%和18%。说明肉鸡饲粮中添加乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌,可以刺激肉鸡胰腺淀粉酶和蛋白酶的分泌。     

Glycoproteins: isolation from cellmembranes with lithium diiodosalicylate

A glycoprotein has been extracted in water-soluble form from human red cell membranes with lithium diiodosalicylate. After extraction of the membranes and phosphocellulose chromatography a homogeneous preparation is obtained which was 60 percent carbohydrate and 40 percent protein (by weight). The preparation contains AB and MN blood group antigens, receptors for influenza virus, and various phytohemagglutinins.     

1-alpha-Tocopherylacetate: biological activity

l-alpha-Tocopheryl acetate has 42 percent of the activity of d-alpha-tocopheryl acetate when compared in the rat hemolysis test. Based on this activity a potency ratio of 1.4 : 1.0 for d-alpha-tocopheryl acetate compared to dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate was established; this confirms the currently accepted biological ratio. Preparations of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate from phytol and from isophytol were equally active in the rat hemolysis test.     

投饲蚕豆对不同规格草鱼生长、肌肉成分和肠道蛋白酶活性的影响

分别进行了二个试验以考察饲喂蚕豆对不同规格草鱼生长性能,肌肉成分和肠道蛋白酶活性的影响.试验Ⅰ以配合饲料,浸泡蚕豆或发芽蚕豆饲喂平均体重(535±50)g草鱼77 d;试验Ⅱ以配合饲料、发芽蚕豆饲喂平均体重(84.5±3.5)g草鱼68 d.结果表明,在两个试验中,与摄食配合饲料的草鱼相比,摄食浸泡蚕豆或发芽蚕豆均极显著降低了草鱼增重率(P<0.01),提高了饲料系数(P<0.01);鱼体肌肉粗脂肪含量极显著降低,胶原蛋白含量上升(P<0.01);前肠道蛋白酶活力极显著下降(P<0.01).研究表明,投饲蚕豆可改变草鱼肌肉成分,但对草鱼生长性能和肠道蛋白酶活力有显著抑制作用.     

投饲蚕豆对不同规格草鱼生长、肌肉成分和肠道蛋白酶活性的影响

分别进行了二个试验以考察饲喂蚕豆对不同规格草鱼生长性能,肌肉成分和肠道蛋白酶活性的影响.试验Ⅰ以配合饲料,浸泡蚕豆或发芽蚕豆饲喂平均体重(535±50)g草鱼77 d;试验Ⅱ以配合饲料、发芽蚕豆饲喂平均体重(84.5±3.5)g草鱼68 d.结果表明,在两个试验中,与摄食配合饲料的草鱼相比,摄食浸泡蚕豆或发芽蚕豆均极显著降低了草鱼增重率(P<0.01),提高了饲料系数(P<0.01);鱼体肌肉粗脂肪含量极显著降低,胶原蛋白含量上升(P<0.01);前肠道蛋白酶活力极显著下降(P<0.01).研究表明,投饲蚕豆可改变草鱼肌肉成分,但对草鱼生长性能和肠道蛋白酶活力有显著抑制作用.     

番鸭小肠碱性磷酸酶的分离纯化及部分性质研究

分离纯化番鸭小肠中碱性磷酸酶,并对其酶促动力学性质进行研究.结果表明:该酶催化磷酸苯二钠水解反应时最适温度为45℃,最适pH为9.72,米氏常数(Km)为4.76 mmol.L-1.Mg2+对碱性磷酸酶活性有明显激活作用;Cd2+浓度小于0.4 mg.L-1时对碱性磷酸酶有激活作用,而浓度高于0.4 mg.L-1时则有抑制作用;Cu2+对碱性磷酸酶活性有明显抑制作用.     

Aluminum in seawater: control by biological activity

The distribution and concentration of dissolved aluminum in a vertical hydrographic profile in the Mediterranean Sea near Corsica are controlled by biological activity. The concentrations of dissolved silica and aluminum covary in the profile and exhibit minima coincident with the seasonal thermocline, a nitrate minimum, and an oxygen maximum. These observations support the hypothesis that the silicon and aluminum cycles in the oceans are linked through the activity of diatoms.     

大鼠股骨成骨细胞的提取、鉴定及活性检测

研究了体外大鼠成骨细胞的提取、鉴定及活性检测。取大鼠股骨,用胰酶冷热交替处理,以1×105个/mL的细胞浓度培养,通过倒置显微镜观察、HE染色、碱性磷酸酶染色、茜素红S染色等对获得的大鼠成骨细胞进行定性鉴定,用MTT法、PNPP法和邻甲酚酞络合酮法对大鼠成骨细胞的增殖、分化和分泌ECM的生理活性进行定量测定。研究结果表明,获得的大鼠成骨细胞呈多种形态,细胞胞浆突起明显,细胞连接紧密,可以重叠生长。细胞表达碱性磷酸酶阳性,能够形成钙结节,4代与10代之间的生理活性没有发生显著变化。利用该法获得的4代到10代之间的大鼠成骨细胞可作为用于骨组织工程研究的种子细胞。     

河岸林土壤好氧反硝化菌的分离及活性初探

[目的]好氧反硝化菌可在有氧条件下,将硝酸盐还原,释放N2O,减少富氮对土壤的危害。本研究旨在探明河岸林土壤中是否存有好氧反硝化菌。[方法]以文峪河上游毗邻农田河岸林土壤为材料,采用土壤稀释、涂布划线、滴加格利斯及二苯胺试剂显色等方法分离筛选菌株,采用16SrDNA基因序列同源性分析鉴定;在灭菌土壤中接种筛选所得菌株培养,并测定硝态氮、铵态氮、亚硝态氮含量变化来分析其活性。[结果]获得3株反硝化菌(编号:df3、df7、df14),鉴定命名为Psueadomonas sp.DF3,Alicaligenes sp.DF7,Klebsiellasp.DF14。活性分析显示:接种3株菌土壤硝态氮明显减少,且接种df3和df7土壤中具亚硝态氮。[结论]样品土壤中存在好氧反硝化活性菌株,具有重要科学研究意义。     

台湾杉叶挥发油的成分及其生物活性

采用气-质联用法对台湾杉叶挥发油的化学成分进行分析,共分离出16个峰,鉴定出14种化合物.应用色谱峰面积归一法分析各成分的质量分数,含量较高的物质有:蘑菇醇(22.457%),二氢苯并呋喃(11.511%), 4-乙烯基-苯酚(9.482%),乙酸松油酯(7.595%),反式-2-己烯酸(6.939%),α-杜松醇(6.424%),tau-杜松醇(6.172%).抑菌试验及抗肿瘤试验结果表明,台湾杉挥发油抑细菌、抗肿瘤作用都不明显,但具有较好的抗红酵母活性.     

Citrus flavonoid complex: chemical fractionation and biological activity

A study was made of the anti-inflammatory activity of the fractionated components of a citrus flavonoid complex. Several highly active components, distinct from hesperidin and naringin, were isolated and tested for anti-inflammatory activity. A method for evaluation of this biological activity is recommended.     

异丙酚对失血性休克大鼠小肠黏膜屏障功能的影响

目的观察异丙酚对失血性休克大鼠小肠黏膜屏障功能的影响。方法 36只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组和异丙酚组,制作失血性休克模型,经股静脉回输等量林格氏液,异丙酚组加用异丙酚5 mg/kg。18 h后处死大鼠,鲎试＋验测定血浆内毒素含量,免疫组化法检测小肠黏膜固有层IgA细胞,TUNEL法检测小肠黏膜细胞凋亡。结果与对照组＋比较,异丙酚组血浆内毒素含量明显减少,小肠黏膜上皮细胞凋亡指数明显降低,而小肠黏膜固有层IgA细胞数显著升高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论异丙酚可保护失血性休克对大鼠小肠道黏膜屏障功能的损伤,减轻内毒素血症。     

Axons: isolation from mammalian central nervous system

Centrifugation of a homogenate of white matter, in a solution of buffered sucrose containing salt, produces a floating layer of myelinated axons. When these are suspended in hypotonic buffer, the mnyelin swells and strips away from the axon. Axons are then separated from the myelin by centrifugation. The resulting preparation consists of a variable population of processes with lengths up to 200 micrometers and diameters between 0.3 and 5.0 micrometers. The axons contain neurofilaments and mitochondria, although no axolemma or neurotubules are evident. The preparation contains cerebroside and sulfatide, yet is essentially free of myelin.     

Herpesvirus hominis: isolation from human trigeminal ganglion

Herpesvirus hominis was isolated from the trigeminal ganglion obtained at autopsy from 1 of 22 patients with no clinical evidence of active herpetic disease, and from one patient with malignant lymphoma who died with herpes zoster on the abdomen, pulmonary cytomegalic inclusion disease, and possible oral herpes simplex. Virus was isolated by cocultivation of explants of ganglion with monolayers of Vero green monkey kidney cells and required 3 weeks of culture before viral cytopathic effects were evident. These observations support the concept that latent infection of sensory ganglia may be the source of virus in recurrent herpetic disease in man.     

Polypeptide synthesis in sea urchin embryogenesis: an examination with synthetic polyribonucleotides

After fertilization of the sea urchin egg the rate of protein synthesis by a cell-free ribosomal system increases markedly. This increase can be attributed to newly synthesized messenger RNA, since (i) the rate of polypeptide synthesis elicited by synthetic messenger polyribonucleotides changes only slightly after fertilization, and (ii) the enzymes for the formation of amino acyl transfer RNA's of phenylalanine and leucine and the polymerization of polypeptide are in excess in the unfertilized egg. Polypeptide synthesis has been characterized in development to the gastrula stage.     

复烤烟叶异地醇化过程中生物活性的变化

以复烤烟叶为试验材料,研究了异地醇化过程中生物活性的变化.结果表明:复烤烟叶异地醇化过程中,醇化初期叶面微生物数量和生物酶活性迅速上升,之后随着醇化的进行而逐渐下降;中部烟叶叶面微生物数量总体大于上部和下部烟叶,并可检出蛋白酶活性,而上部和下部烟叶均未能检出其活性,纤维素酶和淀粉酶活性均为中部＞上部＞下部烟叶,而蔗糖酶活性为下部＞中部＞上部烟叶;同等级复烤烟叶存放于西昌烟叶仓库的生物活性水平高于成都烟叶仓库.     

Cabbage aphid: effect of isolation on form and on endocrine activity

Isolated wingless cabbage aphids, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), produced only wingless young. Aphids isolated from birth all became wingless, whereas over 50 percent of grouped controls developed wings. Isolation caused hyperactivity of the corpus allatum; this hyperactivity may have caused the wingless form.     

1株广谱拮抗植物病原真菌的芽孢杆菌HNA3的鉴定及其活性成分分析

采用形态观察、16S rDNA序列和部分特异基因排列分析鉴定从植物根际土壤中分离的1株根际细菌HNA3;采用平板对峙试验和抑菌率计算方法测定其对供试植物病原真菌的拮抗谱和拮抗能力;通过摇瓶发酵和酸沉淀方法研究相关抗菌活性物质的产生条件及其分离方法;采用表面活性检测和有关功能编码基因的序列分析初步鉴定抗菌活性物质成分的性质.结果表明:HNA3菌株为1种解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus am yloliquefaciens;BPY(牛肉膏蛋白胨酵母粉)培养基是适合HNA3生长和产生相关抗菌活性物质的适宜培养基;活性物质存在于发酵除菌液中,可通过酸沉淀方法分离获得.活性物质具有较高的稳定性和抗逆性,属于脂肽类物质.本研究结果表明HNA3具有较广谱的拮抗植物病原真菌的能力,具备研发成为一种表面喷施型微生物杀菌剂的特性和应用前景.