苗圃转让

今年顺义区苗圃绿化、美化苗木达1120多种、1．12亿株。其中油松、白皮松、华山松、雪松、桧柏、侧柏等常绿树13157亩，1650万株，占育苗总面积的23％；连翘、碧桃、榆叶梅、紫叶李、紫蔽、紫荆、月季、玫瑰、黄刺梅、黄杨、女贞等花灌木5468亩，1455万株，占育苗总面积的10％；白腊、元宝枫、栾树、国槐、银杏、合欢、龙爪槐、杜仲、千头椿、金丝柳、各种品种杨等落叶乔木37375亩，8095万株，占育苗总面积的67％。     

大丽花块根繁育和栽培技术

大丽花(Dahlia pinnata Cav)菊科，大丽花属，多年生草本，原产墨西哥，又名大丽菊、大理花、天竺牡丹、西番莲、地瓜花，具有植株粗壮、花期长、花朵硕大，品种繁多、花色鲜艳、适应性强等特点。是美化公园，布置庭院、花坛、花境以及切花陈设的较好花卉材料。大丽花为世界名花之一，目前世界约有3万多个品种，我国有500余品种。     

木棉嫁接繁育技术

木棉(Gossampinus malabarica)又名攀枝花、红棉、英雄树、烽火树,属木棉科木棉属落叶高大乔木.木棉广泛分布在我国四川、云南、贵州、广西、广东,生长在江河沿岸、山地阳坡及村边道路旁,喜光、耐高温,对土壤要求不苛刻.在四川攀枝花地区木棉树于1月-2月份开花,先花后叶,花色艳丽,有红色、金黄、淡黄色等颜色,树形高大伟岸,是优良的园林绿化树种.木棉树现是攀枝花市市花和广州市市树,在园林绿化中常作行道树、庭荫树、景园树、盆景树等.木棉经嫁接后2 a-3 a开花,嫁接苗可作盆景矮化栽培,观赏价值高.本文介绍了木棉的嫁接育苗技术.     

One compound approach combining factor-analytic model with AMMI and GGE biplot to improve multi-environment trials analysis

To improve multi-environmental trial(MET)analysis,a compound method—which combines factor analytic(FA)model with additive main effect and multiplicative interaction(AMMI)and genotype main effect plus genotype-by-environment interaction(GGE)biplot—was conducted in this study.The diameter at breast height of 36 open-pollinated(OP)families of Pinus taeda at six sites in South China was used as a raw dataset.The best linear unbiased prediction(BLUP)data of all individual trees in each site was obtained by fitting the spatial effects with the FA method from raw data.The raw data and BLUP data were analyzed and compared by using the AMMI and GGE biplot.BLUP results showed that the six sites were heterogeneous and spatial variation could be effectively fitted by spatial analysis with the FA method.AMMI analysis identified that two datasets had highly significant effects on the site,family,and their interactions,while BLUP data had a smaller residual error,but higher variation explaining ability and more credible stability than raw data.GGE biplot results revealed that raw data and BLUP data had different results in mega-environment delineation,test-environment evaluation,and genotype evaluation.In addition,BLUP data results were more reasonable due to the stronger analytical ability of the first two principal components.Our study suggests that the compound method combing the FA method with the AMMI and GGE biplot could improve the analysis result of MET data in Pinus teada as it was more reliable than direct AMMI and GGE biplot analysis on raw data.     

Review of Studies on Structural Features,Regeneration Features and Management of Natural Spruce-Fir Mixed Stand of Coniferous and Broadleaved Trees in China

Natural spruce-fir mixed stand is one of the main forest types in the world,and also has huge ecological,economic and social benefits.According to the structural characteristics and succession laws of natural spruce-fir forest,it is urgent and significant to develop scientific management measures for natural spruce-fir mixed stand in line with local conditions.The article outlined the characteristics of the distribution and structure, regeneration and succession laws of natural spruce-fir forest,and analyzed the current situation and existing problems of natural spruce-fir forest management.The following recommendations were eventually made:1) In no cutting area,all logging activities should be banned.In a restricted cutting area,the cutting intensity should be generally controlled within 15%of the stock volume before cutting.On the commodity forest management area, the appropriate cutting intensity should be determined according to the volume per hectare,determine and classification management should be implemented in accordance with the characteristics of forest,to ensure the scientific selective cutting.2) Closure for afforestation,planting and repair planting should be adopted on vegetation-intensive land,sparse shrubs covered land and harvesting slash,in order to accelerate natural regeneration.3) The in situ conservation should be conducted in nature reserves and scientific experiment stations of rare and endangered species,such as Abies chensiensis,Picea neoveitchii,Abies vuanbaoshanensis,to reduce human destruction.4) It is supposed to collect seeds in time,establish nursery,actively establish forest, expand artificial population and promote natural regeneration.     

环保杀虫装饰涂料

蚊子、苍蝇、螳螂、臭虫、蜘蛛、蚂蚁之类害虫,在家庭、工厂、办公室、医院、学校、酒店等地,随处可见,无处不入.这些昆虫不但给人们的生活带来很多烦恼,更重要的是,他们导致疾病传播,从而严重危害人们的身体健康.所以,根除害虫,改变居住环境,早已成为人们关注的问题.     

减肥即食营养大米

肥胖是一种常见的慢性疾病,它是由于生理化机能的改变而引起的体内脂肪沉积量过多,造成体重增加,导致机体发生一系列病理、生理变化的病症.肥胖症是一种全身性代谢疾病,除引起身体外形的改变外,过多的脂肪可带来物理性的负荷,还是各种疾病的"培养箱".肥胖人群平均寿命明显低于正常体重的人群,同时肥胖症还是心血管疾病、糖尿病、脂肪肝、肿瘤的温床,它是一种营养代谢性疾病.减肥首先必须从能量的摄入入手,减少热能的吸收.     

聚氯乙烯合金生产技术

当前现代化的航天、航空、汽车、机械、电子、民用建筑、化工等行业迫切要求具备很高的力学性能及耐热、耐磨、耐化学性能的材料.因此高分子材料发展的一个重要方向就是通过对现有聚合物进行物理和化学改性,使其进一步高性能化、结构化、工程化.北京化工大学研制的聚氯乙烯合金是通过挤出机的力学、化学作用及接枝、复合技术使聚氯乙烯塑料工程化,成为物理性能可与ABS相比拟的新材料.聚氯乙烯合金具有高流动性、高韧性,完全可以代替ABS注塑计算机、电视机、冰箱、照相机、仪表等外壳.聚氯乙烯合金还具有良好的耐寒性,可制作各种规格的异型材,包括门窗、上水管道等.产品市场前景好,具有很强的竞争力,有很好的经济效益和社会效益.     

Discussion on Spatial Optimization Modeling of Water Resource Conservation Forests and Management Practice of Forest Functions

According to the unification principle of system structure and system function of the Water Resource Conservation Forests,seven factors were selected from stand spatial structure,trees structure and healthy of woods,the multifunction management optimization model target was confirmed by using nonlinearity multi-objective programming approach, and the target function-stand spatial structure homogeneity index was defined to establish spatial optimization models with restraining conditions set up in diversity of stand structure and spatial structure.The spatial structure of available typical stand in the wet land area in southern Donting Lake was optimized by means of selective cutting and reinforcement planting.The results showed that the spatial structure was improved obviously and trees diversity and stand health were not weakened.It’s suggested that the established optimization model can effectively guide multifunction management,stand structure optimization and the steadiness of ecological ecosystem and it is convenient and operable in practice,and it’s very important to protect and recover ecosystem of Water Resource Conservation Forests.     

Multi-Objective Genetic Based Pore Combination Recognition

This paper proposes an automatic method of pore combination recognition,which is an important feature to hardwood recognition.After extracting edge from wood microscopic cross-section, based on area histogram of the similar circle regions,the method classifies all regions into two classes with maximum between-class variance,so as to distinguish the pore from other textures,which are similar in shapes but different in sizes.Meanwhile, second objective function about average area of closed regions is used to improve the pore segmentation performance.At last,the method uses adjacency degree of pore set to judge pore combination.The experiments demonstrate that the task of pore segmentation can be completed successfully for all kinds of pore distribution and combination,and also the correct combinations of pores are given.     

森林工程与森林生态系统保护

森林工程体系的基本框架包括木材采伐工程、迹地更新造林工程、抚育采伐工程、低效林改造工程、林内路桥工程和装备系统工程。策划和实施森林工程时应遵循的两个基本原则,一是森林工程活动将森林生态系统保护置于首要位置,二是森林工程工艺系统要与作业区域的生态系统保持一致。由于森林生态系统群落结构及其生态过程决定森林生态系统功能,所以森林工程实施时,森林生态系统群落结构保护要着眼于群落结构的连续性和多样性,生物多样性保护要着眼于目的树种、珍稀濒危物种保护和生境保护,森林生态系统环境保护要着眼于水土流失、土壤和地质性灾害。     

林业工程建设监理存在的问题及发展思考

通过对林业工程建设监理现状及特点阐述,分析林业工程建设监理与一般民用建筑工程监理的不同及当前林业工程建设监理存在的问题,结合生态林业工程发展现状,提出今后林业工程建设监理的发展的基本思路。     

基因工程在林业生产中的应用

基因工程是现代生物技术的代表。近１０年基因工程的发展迅猛,林业上已经有２０多个树种的品系得到了转基因植物。基因工程在林业生产上的应用主要包括以下方面：提高植物的光合效率;增强植物抗病虫害的能力;生物固氮;增强和改良种子贮藏蛋白;培育抗除草剂作物等。     

限额设计与工程造价控制

本文通过对设计阶段工程造价控制原则的分析,提出了工程造价控制的目标,运用价值工程原理,采用层层分解工程投资的方法达到限额设计,论述了技术与经济的有机结合,最终达到合理、有效地控制工程造价。     

浅析混凝土质量通病防治的措施

混凝土工程施工过程中 ,经常发生一些质量通病 ,影响结构的安全 ,如何最大限度的消除质量通病 ,保证工程结构安全 ,是工程技术人员急需掌握的 ,本文就结合工作实际 ,对混凝土工程的质量通病的产生和防治进行探讨。     

森林工程审核的作用和基本思路

森林工程审核是森林工程实施的重要环节,其审核的作用是充分发挥森林经营组织在森林工程实施中的主导作用,有利于工程项目的优化和实施,为主管部门审批和工程管理提供支撑。森林工程审核的基本思路为：以森林工程对森林生态系统作用效应为切入点,获得森林工程生态系统作用效应的作用因素和作用时象,提出森林工程生态系统作用效应的目标指标体系,将“作用因素和作用对象”对照“目标指标体系”进行评价,提出森林工程生态系统作用效应最佳的优化方案。     

浅谈业主方如何在建设工程项目管理中进行质量控制

建设工程施工质量是工程建设的核心,是决定工程安全性能的关键,是实现工程施工三大控制目标（质量、投资、进度）的重点,特别是业主方由于是建设工程项目实施的总集成者,因此,在建设工程项目管理中业主方科学有效地进行质量控制是十分必要的。     

防渗堵漏技术在地下工程中的应用

地下工程渗漏现象较为普遍且后果严重,因此防渗堵漏技术应用在工程实践中作用显著;本 文结合具体工程分析了地下工程渗漏原因,提出了防渗堵漏针对性较强的技术措施。     

云南省造林绿化工程项目实行招投标的思考

分析云南省造林绿化工程项目建设中存在的工程质量不高等问题以及形成原因．借鉴建设工程实行招投标管理取得的成效,提出建立造林绿化工程项目招投标制度是提高造林绿化工程质量、合理控制造价、有效遏制工程建设领域腐败行为的重要手段．提出了云南省造林绿化工程项目中实行招投标的具体对策建议．     

论建设工程价格的合理确定

建设工程价格的合理确定关系着整个工程项目的建设质量,因此说工程造价管理问题是建设工程的核心问题。科学有效的制定建筑工程造价,可以保证建筑工程的顺利完工和建设质量。因此,建筑企业必须要重视建设工程造价问题。文章从建设工程造价合理确定的意义入手,探究我国建设工程合理确定价格的方法与途径。