杆菌肽锌不同添加量对绿头野鸭增重的影响

杆菌肽锌(Zinc Bacitracin)属多肽类畜禽专用抗菌素.长期以来,因其具有高效、无毒副作用、无残留、不产生抗药性和交叉抗药性等优点,被作为饲料添加剂广泛应用于猪、肉鸡、蛋鸡、火鸡、鹌鹑生产,能显著提高增重及饲料报酬.但杆菌肽锌对绿头野鸭的增重效果未见报道,本试验通过在基础日粮中添加不同浓度的杆菌肽锌,观察了其对绿头野鸭的促生长效果,现报告如下.     

杆菌肽锌在畜禽中的应用及其安全性评价

杆菌肽锌是一种应用广泛的饲料添加剂,可在动物初生至上市各生长阶段使用,没有上市前、产蛋和泌乳期的停药要求,也没有用药的使用期限。1　杆菌肽锌的理化性质杆菌肽锌(ZincBacitracin)由于其高效、无毒副作用、无残留、不产生抗药性及交叉耐药性等优点被广泛应用于畜禽养殖业。1 960年美国批准将杆菌肽锌用作饲料添加剂,使杆菌肽锌得到迅速发展。目前在生产中杆菌肽锌是由地衣芽孢杆菌发酵而制成。杆菌肽锌是一种多肽类畜禽专用抗生素,为淡褐色至褐色粉末,具有特殊气味,易溶于吡啶,难溶于乙醚、甲醇、丙酮和氯仿,不溶于水。杆菌肽锌可在室…     

几种禽类促生长和保健类添加剂的介绍

1杆菌肽锌 杆菌肽锌抗菌谱与青霉素相似,对革兰阳性菌有特效,对革兰阴性菌、螺旋菌、放线菌也有效,其特点是高效低毒,几乎不产生抗药性。杆菌肽锌是畜禽专用的添加剂,多年来一直被普遍使用,添加量为4×10-5～4×10-5。注意杆菌肽锌不能与莫能霉素、盐霉素等聚醚类抗生素混用。     

家禽十类保健促生长药物的应用

<正>1杆菌肽锌杆菌肽锌抗菌谱与青霉素相似,对革兰阳性菌有特效,对革兰阴性菌、螺旋菌、放线菌也有效,其特点是高效低毒,几乎不产生抗药性。杆菌肽锌是畜禽专用的添加剂,多年来一直被普遍使用,添加量为4×10-5~4×10-5。注意杆菌肽锌不能与其能霉素、盐霉素等聚醚类抗生素混用。     

杆菌肽锌饲料添加剂

杆菌肽锌饲料添加剂是由天津市新星兽药厂参照国际先进工艺,采用优良菌种与优质原料生产的。质量稳定,使用效果显著。杆菌肽锌饲料添加剂是世界上饲养业中广泛使用的抗生素类添加剂,对革兰氏阳性菌有很强的抗菌作用。特别对于耐青霉素葡萄球菌感染所致疾病效果显著。杆菌肽锌饲料添加剂适用于多种畜禽。例如猪、鸡、牛等,使用本品能增强畜禽抗病能力,防止疾病,促进生长,提高饲料利用率。杆菌肽锌的优点是在动物体内不残留,不产生耐药性,各种畜禽使用均无停药期要求。杆菌肽锌饲料添加剂@于玉芬     

促生长和保健类兽药的应用

杆菌肽锌抗菌谱与青霉素相似，对革兰氏阳性菌有特效，对革兰氏阴性菌、螺旋菌、放线菌也有效。其特点是高效低毒，几乎不产生抗药性。杆菌肽锌又是畜禽专用的，多年来一直被普遍使用，肉禽添加量为270～400克／吨，蛋禽为280～400克／吨。杆菌肽锌不得与莫能霉素、盐霉素等聚醚类抗生素混用。     

中西饲料添加剂的研究应用

<正>1西药类饲料添加剂1.1多肽类多肽类饲料添加剂吸收差、排泄快、无残留、毒性小。抗药性细菌出现概率低,且抗药性不易通过转移因子传递给人。常用的有杆菌肽锌、那西肽、恩来霉素、持久霉素、维吉尼亚霉素、硫肽霉素、阿伏霉素、硫酸粘杆菌素等。前几种主要抗革兰氏阳性菌(G+),硫酸粘杆菌素抗革兰氏阴性菌(G-)。     

锌杆菌肽改善氨基酸的利用

锌杆菌肽是一种世界公认的、具有抗菌作用的生长性能促进剂。它获准用于饲喂各种生产性畜禽,甚至产蛋母鸡也可以利用。这是由于它是一种非常安全的物质,满足当今对抗菌性生长性能促进剂的要求。锌杆菌肽的主要优点是: 1.在畜禽组织中无残留; 2.不产生抗药性; 3.在人医和兽医中不用于全身性治疗(它纯     

几种促长和保健类添加剂的应用

<正>1抗生素添加剂1.1杆菌肽锌抗菌谱与青霉素相似,对革兰阳性菌有特效,对革兰阴性菌、螺旋菌、放线菌也有效。其特点是高效低毒,几乎不产生抗药性。杆菌肽锌又是畜禽专用的,多年来一直被普遍使用,添加量为4×10-5～4×10-5。注意杆菌肽锌不得与莫能霉素、盐霉素等聚醚类抗生素混用。     

杆菌肽锌在畜禽养殖中的应用及其安全性

杆菌肽锌 ( Zinc Bacitracin)属多肽类畜禽专用抗生素 ,是由特雷斯氏枯草杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌产生的含有噻唑环的多肽复合体与对杆菌肽有激活作用的锌络合而成。自 1 945年由哥伦比亚大学 B.H.Johnson首次发现以来就以其高效、无毒副作用、无残留、不产生抗药性和交叉抗药性等优点被广泛应用于畜禽养殖业。杆菌肽锌对畜禽能够起到显著的抑菌促生长作用 ,主要源于其独特的三重抑菌机理 :1杆菌肽锌是类脂质焦磷酸的特异性抑制剂 ,能抑制细菌细胞壁合成的脱磷酸化过程 ,影响磷脂载体的转运及向细胞壁支架输送粘肽 ,从而抑制细胞壁的合成 ;2与…     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。