膨化全脂大豆对仔猪生产性能和养分消化率的影响

根据遗传、性别、体质量等相一致的原则,将30头35日龄断奶的杜洛克仔猪随机分为3组,每组设2个重复,研究膨化全脂大豆对仔猪生产性能和饲粮养分消化率的影响。对照组以玉米豆粕等配制饲粮,试验1组以膨化全脂大豆替代50%的豆粕,试验2组以膨化全脂大豆替代全部豆粕,其他饲粮组成保持不变,进行40d的饲养试验。在试验第20天开始,连续收集粪便3d,测定饲粮养分消化率。结果表明,试验1组日增重比对照组提高了17.6%,差异显著(P<0.05),试验2组比对照组提高了7.4%(P>0.05);试验1组和试验2组饲料利用率分别比对照组提高11.7%和7.6%。试验2组干物质消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),蛋白质的消化率3组基本接近,但含有膨化大豆的试验1组和试验2组的粗脂肪和粗灰分的消化率均比对照组有提高趋势。     

膨化全脂大豆对仔猪生产性能和养分消化率的影响

根据遗传、性别、体重等相一致的原则,将30头35日龄断奶的杜洛克仔猪随机分为3个组,每组设2个重复,研究膨化全脂大豆对仔猪生产性能和饲粮养分消化率的影响。对照组以玉米豆粕等配制饲粮,试验1组以膨化全脂大豆替代50%的豆粕,试验2组以膨化全脂大豆替代全部豆粕,其他饲粮组成保持不变,进行40d的饲养试验。在试验第20d开始,连续收集粪便3d,测定饲粮养分消化率。结果表明,试验1组日增重比对照组提高了17．6％,差异显著（P〈0．05）,试验2组比对照组提高了7．4％（P〉0．05）;试验1组和试验2组饲料利用率分别比对照组提高11．7％和7．6％。试验2组干物质消化率显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）,蛋白质的消化率三个组基本接近,但含有膨化大豆的试验1组和试验2组的粗脂肪和粗灰分的消化率均比对照组有提高趋势。     

膨化豆粕与全脂膨化大豆对仔猪生长性能、表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究普通豆粕、膨化豆粕和全脂膨化大豆粗蛋白质体外消化率的差异,以及以膨化豆粕和全脂膨化大豆替代玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中部分豆粕对仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清生化指标的影响。以胃蛋白酶-胰蛋白酶两步消化法测定体外消化率。动物试验选用108头初始体重为（10.10±0.57）kg的42日龄健康杜×长×大仔猪（公母各半）,按区组随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复6头猪。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,膨化豆粕组以9.66%膨化豆粕替代对照组日粮中9.66%的豆粕,全脂膨化大豆组以12%全脂膨化大豆替代对照组日粮中9.66%豆粕和2.34%豆油。试验期为28 d。结果表明：膨化豆粕与全脂膨化大豆的体外粗蛋白质消化率均高于普通豆粕（P<0.05）,且膨化豆粕高于全脂膨化大豆（P<0.05）;与对照组相比,膨化豆粕组降低了仔猪耗料增重比（P<0.05）,其他生长性能指标无显著差异;与对照组相比,膨化豆粕组与全脂膨化大豆组均提高了干物质、总能、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪以及有机物的表观消化率（P<0.05）;膨化豆粕组血清中白蛋白含量高于对照组和全脂膨化大豆组（P<...     

膨化全脂大豆及膨化玉米对仔猪生产性能的影响

根据性别、体况等相一致的原则,将30头30日龄断奶长大或大长仔猪随机分为3组,每组设2个重复(即设对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组)。对照组以玉米、豆粕等配制饲粮,试验Ⅰ组以膨化全脂大豆替代50%的豆粕,膨化玉米替代50%的玉米;试验Ⅱ组日增重以膨化全脂大豆替代全部豆粕,膨化玉米替代全部玉米,其它饲粮组成不变,进行40d的饲养试验。结果表明,试验Ⅰ组日增重比对照组提高了18·9%,差异显著(P<0·05);试验Ⅱ组比对照组提高了12·3%,差异显著(P<0·05);试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组饲料利用率分别比对照组提高了11·7%和6·5%。     

不同大豆蛋白饲料对仔猪断奶早期的营养效应研究

将20头3周龄断奶的DLY仔猪随机分成4组,断奶后第1周分别饲喂以膨化全脂大豆、膨化豆粕、膨化去皮豆粕和大豆浓缩蛋白为主要蛋白源的全价日粮,第2周开始,所有仔猪均饲喂同一日粮10d,以考察不同大豆蛋白饲料的营养效应。结果表明:4种大豆蛋白饲料对仔猪断奶后第1周生产性能无明显影响,但膨化豆粕能显著改善试验后期及全期仔猪生产性能。第1周膨化豆粕日粮蛋白质利用率显著高于膨化全脂大豆日粮和膨化去皮豆粕日粮(P<0.05)。膨化豆粕较其他大豆蛋白饲料更有利于仔猪断奶早期的氮代谢和提高机体的的免疫机能。综合本试验结果表明,膨化豆粕是3周龄断奶仔猪断奶早期饲粮的适宜大豆蛋白源。     

膨化玉米和膨化全脂大豆生产工艺及其不同比例添加后对仔猪生长性能的研究

筛选膨化玉米和膨化全脂大豆最佳生产工艺参数,膨化温度140℃,调质时间10 s,膨化玉米质量体积比达到0.4 kg/m3左右。膨化温度140℃,调质时间10 s,大豆蛋白溶解度在75%左右,脲酶活性0.2 U/g。在宁夏、甘肃和陕北3个地区,分别选择100头35日龄体质量为(10.0±0.5)kg的长白或大白仔猪,按性别及体况相近原则分为5组,每组2个重复,每重复10头猪,即对照组、试验1组、试验2组、试验3组和试验4组。膨化玉米和膨化全脂大豆分为4个质量浓度梯度:0、50%、70%和100%,配制5种不同的仔猪日粮,分别饲喂5组仔猪。预试期5 d,正试期25 d。结果表明:试验2、3和4组仔猪末期均质量显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验1组与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05)。试验1、3和4组平均日采食量比对照组提高1.5%,试验2组比对照组提高3.4%。按仔猪价格经济效益分析,试验1和3组比对照组多收入20元,试验4组比对照组多收入30元,试验2组比对照组多收入40元,因此综合饲料成本、加工工艺及仔猪生长性能,70%膨化玉米替代玉米及70%膨化全脂大豆替代豆粕,仔猪阶段饲喂效果最佳。     

不同处理豆粕及嗜酸乳杆菌培养物对断奶仔猪肠道微生态系统的影响

研究旨在探讨不同处理豆粕及嗜酸乳杆菌培养物对断奶仔猪肠道微生态系统的影响。试验选用遗传背景、胎次和体重相近的21日龄断奶仔猪240头,按随机区组设计分为5个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复12头。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮。试验Ⅰ组仔猪饲喂发酵豆粕代替10%普通豆粕的试验饲粮,试验Ⅱ组仔猪饲喂用膨化大豆代替对照组饲粮中豆粕的饲粮,试验Ⅲ组饲粮是在对照组基础上用嗜酸乳杆菌培养物代替3%原有原料,试验Ⅳ组饲粮是在对照组基础上用嗜酸乳杆菌培养物代替5%原有原料。试验期21 d。结果表明,嗜酸乳杆菌培养物可促进仔猪肠道厚壁菌门丰富度增加,变形菌门数量降低(P>0.05),广古菌门丰富度和乳杆菌属数量显著增加(P<0.05);发酵豆粕可使仔猪粪球菌属数量显著上升、弧形杆菌属显著降低(P<0.05);膨化大豆及3%嗜酸乳杆菌培养物组仔猪肠道菌群丰富度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其中膨化大豆组仔猪盲肠内乳酸杆菌数量显著升高,3%嗜酸乳杆菌组仔猪盲肠内乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌数量显著升高(P<0.05)。由此可知,饲粮添加发酵豆粕、膨化大豆及嗜酸乳杆菌培养物均能在一定程度上有效增加仔猪肠道有益菌数量,促使肠道微生态系统更加稳定,且3%嗜酸乳杆菌培养物的效果最佳。     

膨化大豆对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验选用 72头刚离乳的杜长嘉仔猪 ,饲喂玉米 -豆粕型基础日粮。随机分成 2组 ,试验组饲粮中添加 5%的膨化大豆部分替代日粮中的豆粕 ,试验期 30 d。结果表明 :与对照组相比 ,试验组日增重比对照组提高 7.54% ,料重比和腹泻率分别下降 6.95%和 1 4 .55%。     

不同温度膨化全脂大豆对仔猪氮平衡和氨基酸消化率的影响

本试验目的在于检测不同温度下蒸汽膨化的全脂大豆对仔猪氮平衡和氨基酸消化率的影响。2个氮平衡试验共用24头杂交去势公猪,平均体重5.1公斤,21日龄断奶时,在小肠末端手术安装T—形瘘管。所用基础日粮含1.25％赖氨酸,10％豆油。10％葡萄糖和浸提豆粕,利用经110℃、130℃和150℃蒸汽膨化处理的三种全脂大豆,以等氮和等赖氨酸来替代基础日粮中的豆粕,用玉米淀粉补足日粮的百分比。代谢试验室内安有自动控温和通风设备。每个氮平衡试验收集粪尿和食糜样本2期。结果表明,仔猪采食含有在130℃下膨化的全脂大豆日粮后,氮消化率高于(p<0.05)在110℃下膨化的全脂大豆。而经150℃膨化处理的大豆,氮存留量,氮消化率,氮存留量没有进一步的改善,经130℃膨化的全脂大豆其赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和异亮氨酸的回肠表观消化率,高于(p<0.05)经110℃和150℃处理的大豆。但是,苏氨酸、缬氨酸和亮氨酸的回肠末端表观消化率随膨化温度的升高而增加。本试验表明,全脂大豆经130℃蒸汽膨化处理有利于改善仔猪对大豆中赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和异亮氨酸的回肠表观消化率,可以改善氮沉积量和氮存留率,但与优质豆粕相比,效率不显著。     

复合发酵蛋白原料替代鱼粉对断奶仔猪生长性能及养分消化率的影响

文章旨在研究复合发酵蛋白原料（豆粕∶棉粕=2∶1）对断奶仔猪生长性能及养分消化率的影响。选取28日龄杜长大三元杂种断奶仔猪150头,随机分为3个处理：对照组饲喂基础饲粮（无鱼粉饲粮）,鱼粉组添加4个百分点国产鱼粉,发酵组在鱼粉组饲粮中,用发酵豆粕+发酵棉粕（2∶1）等量替代全部鱼粉。每个处理5个重复,每个重复10头断奶仔猪,试验期28 d。结果显示,鱼粉组断奶仔猪平均日增重显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;鱼粉组和发酵组腹泻率显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。从养分表观消化率来看,鱼粉组和发酵组总能和粗蛋白质表观消化率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。综上所述,断奶仔猪饲粮添加发酵豆粕和发酵棉粕提高了养分表观消化率,完全替代4个百分点鱼粉不影响动物生长性能。     

不同粉碎粒度的豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响

本试验研究不同粉碎粒度的豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响,选用26～28日龄断奶(7.9±0.7)kg杜×长×大健康仔猪80头,按体重、性别相同原则随机分为4个处理,每处理设5个重复,每个重复4头猪。各个处理组采用相同的日粮组成,对照组饲喂含常规粉碎豆粕(目标粒径为750μm)的日粮,处理1、2、3分别饲喂含目标粒径为150、30、6μm豆粕的日粮。结果表明:使用粉碎粒度低于30μm豆粕的日粮提高了断奶仔猪日增重(P<0.05),明显提高采食量(P>0.05),降低饲料增重比(P<0.05),显著降低断奶仔猪的腹泻频率;使用粉碎粒度低于30μm豆粕的日粮提高断奶仔猪日粮氮、磷表观消化率(P<0.05),改善能量消化率(P=0.063)和有机物表观消化率(P=0.082),显著提高必需氨基酸的表观消化率(P<0.05)。粉碎粒度低于30μm的超微粉碎豆粕可显著提高断奶仔猪日粮蛋白质的消化效率,提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,改善了豆粕作为蛋白质营养源的生物适应性。     

Full-fat field cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) as a substitute for fish meal and soybean meal for weaning piglets: effects on growth performance,intestinal health,and redox status

Full-fat field cricket meal (FCP) is an alternative protein ingredient in livestock production; however, the effects of replacing conventional protein sources with FCP in nursery diets have not been determined. In this study, the effects of the partial replacement of either fish meal or soybean meal with FCP on weaning pigs were evaluated, including the analyses of growth performance, nutrient utilization, intestinal morphology,
immunity, oxidative stress, and fecal microbial counts. A total of 100 crossbred weaning pigs [(Landrace × Large White) × Duroc] were allotted to one of the following five treatments with five replicates (four pigs/pen) and fed for 28 d postweaning. Treatments were 1) a corn-soybean meal (SBM)-based diet with 5% fish meal (Positive control; PC), 2) a corn-SBM-based diet without fish meal (Negative control; NC), 3) field crickets replacing fishmeal on a total Lys basis (FCP1), 4) field crickets replacing fishmeal on a kg/kg basis (FCP2), and 5) field crickets replacing fish meal and soybean meal (FCP3). The piglets on FCP1 had a higher body weight on days 14 and 28, and an increased average daily gain over the experimental period than NC (P < 0.05); FCP2 and FCP3 were similar to the FCP1 treatment. The incidence of diarrhea was lower under an FCP-supplemented diet than under the NC diet throughout the study (P < 0.05). Pigs fed FCP1 and FCP2 had a higher digestibility of crude
protein (P = 0.041), and all FCP groups increased crude fat digestibility (P = 0.024). FCP1 and FCP2 also increased jejunal villus height
(P = 0.009), whereas the increase in jejunal villus-to-crypt ratios (P = 0.019) was greater in pigs fed the FCP2 diet than those fed the NC diet. Furthermore, FCP2 supplementation increased serum immunoglobulin A levels on days 14 and 28, including reduced serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels (P < 0.05). Pigs fed an FCP2 diet had reduced malondialdehyde levels than those fed a PC diet, while pigs fed an FCP2 diet had higher superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels, and more fecal Lactobacillus spp. than those fed an NC diet (P < 0.05). These results support the use of FCP as an alternative protein ingredient with beneficial effects on growth performance, intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbiota. In particular, FCP can be used as a partial substitute for fish meal and soybean meal without detrimental effects on weaning pigs.     

Effects of Aspergillus niger fermented rapeseed meal on nutrient digestibility,growth performance and serum parameters in growing pigs

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influences of Aspergillus niger fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs. A total of 72 growing pigs (body weight = 40.8 ± 2.1 kg) were used in feeding trials, lasting for up to 42 days, and were randomly allotted to one of three diets, including a corn‐soybean meal control diet as well as two experimental diets containing 10% unfermented rapeseed meal (RSM) or 10% FRSM. The results showed that average daily gain and feed conversion ratio of pigs fed FRSM were superior (P < 0.05) to that of pigs fed unfermented RSM and did not differ from the control. Pigs fed control diet had higher (P < 0.05) total tract apparent digestibility for dry matter, protein, calcium and phosphorus than pigs fed unfermented RSM diet and did not differ from the FRSM diet. Pigs fed FRSM had lower levels (P < 0.05) of serum aspartate transaminase compared to unfermented RSM. In conclusion, solid state fermentation using Aspergillus niger may improve the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of RSM for pigs and FRSM is a promising alternative protein for pig production.     

酶解豆粕对肉鸡生产性能和养分消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究微生物蛋白酶水解豆粕对1～21日龄肉鸡生长性能和养分消化率的影响。选择1日龄科宝母雏336只,随机分为4组,即对照组、试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组。对照组为玉米—豆粕型基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别以5%、10%和15%酶解豆粕替代对照组中等量的普通豆粕。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组显著提高了肉鸡采食量（12%～21%）和增重（8%～16%）(P<0.05),降低料重比（3%～7%）(P<0.05);试验组对干物质、粗蛋白质、能量、钙和磷的消化率也具有显著的提高作用(P<0.05);各试验组之间,生产性能和干物质、粗蛋白质、钙消化率差异显著(P<0.05),但能量和磷的消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)。因此,豆粕经酶解改善了其蛋白质的营养价值,肉仔鸡日粮添加酶解豆粕可以提高肉鸡的生长性能和养分消化率。     

不同梯度发酵豆粕对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状及肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究不同梯度发酵豆粕等量替代普通豆粕对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状及肉品质的影响.采用单因素完全随机试验设计,选择240头初始体重(61.25±2.31) kg的"杜×长×大"育肥猪,随机分为6组,每组8个重复,每个重复5头猪.对照组育肥猪饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,5个试验组依次采用5％、7％、9％、11％、13％...     

液态酶解发酵豆粕对生长育肥猪生产性能及部分营养物质粪排泄量的影响

将豆粕加入木瓜蛋白酶和酵母菌在40℃条件下进行液态酶解发酵处理24h制备液态酶解发酵豆粕并进行营养成分分析。72头体质量（31.25±0.22）kg健康阉公猪,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复6头猪,分别为对照料、添加10%液态酶解发酵豆粕和添加20%液态酶解发酵豆粕组,预饲期7d,正试期28d。结果表明,豆粕经过液态酶解发酵后粗蛋白含量有所提高,但是差异不显著（P〉0.05）,钙和磷的含量均没有显著变化（P〉0.05）,水溶性蛋白、小肽、小分子蛋白含量显著提高（P〈0.05）,大分子蛋白含量显著降低（P〈0.05）,脲酶活性显著降低（P〈0.05）。饲养试验表明,添加10%液态酶解发酵豆粕和20%液态酶解发酵豆粕的试验组和对照组相比平均日采食量分别提高了12.14%和20.81%（P〈0.05）,平均日增重分别提高了11.33%和22.29%（P〈0.05）;粪中氮的排泄量分别降低了11.11%和8.80%（P〈0.05）;粪中磷的排泄量分别降低了3.59%（P〉0.05）和23.95%（P〈0.05）,粪中铜的排泄量分别降低了2.22%（P〉0.05）和7.52%（P〉0.05）,粪中锌的排泄量3个组之间均没有显著性差异（P〉0.05）。综上,豆粕经木瓜蛋白酶和酵母菌酶解发酵后蛋白质成分有所改善,饲喂生长育肥猪可以提高生产性能,降低粪中部分营养物质的排泄量。     

日粮中紫苏饼、菜籽粕代替豆粕对肉牛养分表观消化率及氮代谢的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中紫苏饼、菜籽粕代替豆粕对肉牛养分表观消化率及氮代谢的影响。选择20头体重相近、健康状况良好的12月龄左右的秦川肉牛（母牛）为试验动物,按照单因素随机区组设计,将20头试验牛分为5组,每组4头牛。不同试验组日粮中分别添加以31%豆粕（对照）、36%菜籽粕、14%紫苏饼+24%菜籽粕、28%紫苏饼+12%菜籽粕和42%紫苏饼为蛋白质原料配制的5种不同的精饲料。试验持续120 d,其中预饲期15 d,正试期105 d。试验期间,测定每头试验牛每天的摄入氮、尿氮及粪氮,测定日粮中干物质（DM）、有机物（OM）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）的表观消化率。结果表明：① 42%紫苏饼组摄入氮含量最高,36%菜籽粕组最低,但各组间氮含量差异不显著（P>0.05）;36%菜籽粕组的粪氮显著高于28%和42%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）,且与31%豆粕组和14%紫苏饼组差异不显著（P>0.05）;② 42%紫苏饼组的沉积氮最高,与其他各组均差异显著（P<0.05）,其中31%豆粕组显著高于36%菜籽粕组（P<0.05）;③ 42%紫苏饼组的DM、ADF表观消化率显著高于31%豆粕组和36%菜籽粕组（P<0.05）,14%和28%紫苏饼组的DM、OM和NDF的表观消化率均差异不显著（P>0.05）;④ 14%紫苏饼组尿液中尿素氮含量显著高于31%豆粕组和42%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）,且与36%菜籽粕组和28%紫苏饼组差异不显著（P>0.05）;31%豆粕组尿液中马尿酸氮含量显著高于36%菜籽粕组和42%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）,而这3组均显著高于14%和28%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）;31%豆粕组的尿囊素氮含量显著高于42%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）,与其他3组差异不显著（P>0.05）;各组的肌酸氮、微生物氮预测值、尿素氮/尿氮、肌酸氮/尿氮和嘌呤衍生物氮/尿氮均没有显著差异（P>0.05）。综上,本试验条件下,精料中用42%紫苏饼代替31%豆粕,肉牛氮沉积最高,比对照组高3.65 g/d;DM、OM、NDF、ADF的表观消化率分别比对照组高3.45%、2.22%、6.56%、10.98%。     

Effects of Perilla Cake and Rapeseed Meal Instead of Soybean Meal in Diet on Apparent Digestibility and Nitrogen Metabolism of Beef Cattle

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of perilla cake and rapeseed meal instead of soybean meal on the apparent digestibility and nitrogen metabolism of beef cattle.20 Qinchuan beef cattle of about 12 months old with similar weight and good health were selected and divided into 5 groups with 4 cattle in each group according to the univariate randomized block design.Five different protein feeds treatments were 31% soybean meal,36% rapeseed meal,14% perilla cake+24% rapeseed meal,28% perilla cake+12% rapeseed meal and 42% perilla cake,respectively.The experiment lasted 120 days,of which the pre-feeding period was 15 days and the trial period was 105 days.During the test,the daily intake of nitrogen,urine nitrogen and fecal nitrogen,the apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM),organic matter (OM),neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of each test cow were determined.The results showed that:① The 42% perilla cake group had the highest nitrogen intake,and the 36% rapeseed meal group had the lowest nitrogen content,and the differences between the groups were not significant (P>0.05).The manure nitrogen in 36% rapeseed meal group was significantly higher than 28% and 42% perilla cake groups (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference with 31% soybean meal group and 14% perilla cake group (P>0.05).② The 42% perilla cake group had the highest sedimentary nitrogen,which was significantly different from other groups (P<0.05),and the 31% soybean meal group was significantly higher than 36% rapeseed meal group (P<0.05).③ The apparent digestibility of DM and ADF in 42% perilla cake group were significantly higher than those in 31% soybean meal group and 36% rapeseed meal group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in apparent digestibility of DM,OM and NDF between 14% and 28% perilla cake groups (P>0.05).④ The content of urea nitrogen in 14% perilla cake group was significantly higher than 31% soybean meal group and 42% perilla cake group (P<0.05),and it was not significantly different from the 36% rapeseed meal group and 28% perilla cake group (P>0.05).The 31% soybean meal group had significantly higher nitrosate nitrogen content than 36% rapeseed meal group and 42% perilla cake group (P<0.05),and these three groups were significantly higher than 14% and 28% perilla cake groups (P<0.05).Allantoin nitrogen in 31% soybean meal group was significantly higher than 42% perilla cake group (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference from the other three groups (P>0.05).There was no significant differences in creatine nitrogen,microbial nitrogen predicted value,urea nitrogen/urine nitrogen,creatine nitrogen/urine nitrogen,and purine derivative nitrogen/urine nitrogen among all groups (P>0.05).In summary,in this test,when 42% perilla cake was used instead of 31% soybean meal in the concentrate,the beef cattle had the highest nitrogen deposition,which was 3.65 g/d higher than 31% soybean meal group.The apparent digestibility of DM,OM,NDF and ADF were 3.45%,2.22%,6.56%,and 10.98% higher than 31% soybean meal group,respectively.     

Digestibility of soybean and pigeon pea seed meals and morphological intestinal alterations in pigs

To compare the nutrient digestibility of soybean meal (SM) and pigeon pea seed meal (PM) as well as morphological intestinal alterations in piglets fed them, three pigs per group were randomly selected at the end of the feeding experiment for ten days. Growth performance was higher in the SM group than in the PM group (p<0.05). The digestibility of crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber was 80.6%, 23.6% and 52.4% in the SM group, while in the PM group, values of 49.8%, 23.6% and 43.2% were observed, respectively. Digestible energy was 3.26 kcal g(-1) in SM and 3.17 kcal g(-1) in PM. It was concluded that the digestibility of PM was lower than that of SM; almost half of the protein in PM was digested. Dietary treatments had no effect on length of each small intestinal segment and weight of visceral organs (small intestine, liver, heart, spleen, kidney, stomach and lung) except the decreased kidney weight in the PM group (p<0.05). The epithelial cells on the jejunal villi showed a dome-like shape in the SM group, but they were a flat shape in the PM group. The present digestion trial and histological intestinal data suggest that the intestinal digestive and absorptive functions are much more atrophied in the PM group than in the SM group, and demonstrate that histological intestinal alterations might be well related with the intestinal functions.     

日粮纤维对烟台黑猪及其杂交配套系养分消化率和氮平衡的影响

为研究日粮纤维对不同品种猪养分消化率和氮平衡的影响,试验选取体重相近、健康去势的烟台黑猪、鲁农2号猪各6头,采用有重复的3×3拉丁方设计,分别为基础日粮组,10%大豆皮替代基础日粮组,10%地瓜蔓替代基础日粮组。结果表明,添加10%地瓜蔓组显著降低两个品种猪养分消化率和氮平衡(P<0.05或P<0.01),而10%大豆皮组则影响不显著(P>0.05);纤维性饲料对鲁农2号猪养分消化率和氮平衡的影响幅度大于烟台黑猪。