鸡精液稀释技术推广应用的几个关键因素分析

为建立简单、稳定的鸡精液稀释技术,本试验在对鸡精液进行不同比例稀释后,对种公鸡精液镜检、混合精液温度检测、不同稀释比例的孵化率以及精液稀释技术经济效益定量计算方法等因素进行分析。结果表明:200只外观正常公鸡,镜检合格率为90%,随后混合精液批次不合格率为1.0%;原精稀释后活力极显著升高,30~40 min输精完成后活力极显著下降(P0.01),但不影响孵化率;舍温为22~33℃时,5 m L左右精液温度在(32.85±2.0)~(35.30±0.1)℃之间变化;精液稀释1∶1组、1∶2组以及原精组等量输精,受精率、入孵蛋健雏率差异均不显著(P0.05),通过建立的定量计算方法表明精液稀释后经济效益显著。     

小尾寒羊人工授精影响因素的研究

应用氯前列醇(PG),采用不同的注射程序,对小尾寒羊进行同期发情处理;用不同的配方稀释精液。结果表明:①采用方法1的同期发情率为81·1%,采用方法2的同期发情率为64%,采用方法3的同期发情率为93·2%,差异显著(P<0·05)。②用精液稀释液1做4倍稀释后,精子活力0·91±0·07,精子活率0·95%±0·05%,精子浓度为14·29±1·62(亿个/ml),用精液稀释液2做4倍稀释后,精子活力0·92±0·05,精子活率94%±0·06%,精子浓度为13·53±1·45(亿个/ml),两种精液稀释液后的精液主要品质,差异不显著(P>0·05)。对同期发情处理后发情的小尾寒羊进行授配试验,连续两个情期的不返情率为86·18%。     

不同稀释倍数和容器对蛋种鸡和肉种鸡精液品质的影响

本试验旨在研究不同稀释倍数和容器对蛋种鸡和肉种鸡精液品质的影响。分别采集45周龄海兰褐父母代蛋种公鸡和AA+父母代肉种公鸡精液,采用生理盐水对精液按照不同稀释比例进行等温及时稀释,蛋种鸡和肉种鸡采集的精液均分6组,每组设3个重复,原精液:生理盐水比例分别为1:0、1:1、1:5、1:10、1:50、1:100。保存精液的容器分别采用塑料集精管和玻璃集精管,精液稀释后立即检测精子活力以及畸形率。结果表明,蛋种鸡、肉种鸡精液稀释倍数1:50和1:100组比较,精子活力和畸形率均无显著差异(P>0.05);相同稀释倍数下,塑料集精管和玻璃集精管比较,精子活力和畸形率亦均无显著差异(P>0.05);稀释倍数为1:0、1:1、1:5、1:10的精液,精液密度过大无法检测。结论:海兰褐壳父母代种鸡和AA+父母代肉种鸡的新鲜精液,便于进行精液品质镜检的适宜稀释倍数为原精液:稀释液≥1:50,精液短时间保存集精管采用玻璃及塑料材质均可。     

稀释液渗透压与pH值对黑凤鸡精液低温保存活力的影响

为推广鸡精液稀释技术,对黑凤鸡精液稀释液pH值与渗透压进行优化。YHFB液的渗透压调整为340、294、261mOsm/kg,按1:2对原精稀释;pH值调整为7.38、7.29、7.11,按1:1对原精稀释;先添加精液与先添加稀释液,2种稀释顺序按1:2对原精稀释。稀释后的精液,置于6℃左右,定期检查精子活力。结果表明:用不同渗透压的稀释液稀释精液后立即测定的活力差异显著(P0.05),以261mOsm/kg组的活力最高,但24h及以后不同渗透压组的活力差异不显著;稀释后冷藏,3种不同pH值稀释液之间、稀释液与精液不同添加次序之间精子活力差异均不显著。因此,用YHFB稀释液对黑凤鸡精液进行稀释与冷藏,低渗透压(261mOsm/kg)较好,而pH值在7.1~7.4、精液与稀释液添加次序之间没有显著差异,能获得较好效果。     

鸡精液稀释打击影响因素及其应用价值分析

精液稀释打击研究在种鸡场精液稀释、公鸡精液大批量镜检以及精液冷冻中有很好的应用前景。研究比较了不同稀释液、不同稀释比例与精液是否冷藏等条件下精液稀释后的活力,以及精液与稀释液不同添加顺序1∶1稀释后人工授精的受精率与孵化率。结果表明:1鸡精液在先冷藏再等温稀释的情况下,高倍稀释的鸡精子活力显著低于低倍稀释(P0.05),而在先等温稀释后冷藏的情况下,高倍稀释与低倍稀释的鸡精子活力差异不显著(P0.05);2在体温预热稀释液的前提下,先添加稀释液再采精、先采精再添加稀释液以及原精组,各组之间受精率与孵化率没有显著差异(P0.05)。因此,鸡精液稀释打击需根据具体情况而定,在采集后立即等温稀释的稀释打击最小,可用于鸡精液稀释、镜检与冷冻等研究领域。     

四种猪精液稀释粉的比较试验

试验通过对比四种不同精液稀释粉对6头公猪精液稀释后保存效果,发现精液保存天数活力＞0.6)最长的是Modena 为8.67d,MⅢ为5.67 d,ART.NR为5.33d,朱哥宝为4.33d.Modena稀释粉显著好于MⅢ(P＜0.05),极显著好于其他二种稀释粉保存效果(P＜0.01)；MⅢ对精液的保存效果又显著好于ART.NR,朱哥宝二种稀释粉.ART.NR、朱哥宝二者对精液的保存效果没有显著差别.     

精清对蓝狐精子常温保存存活时间的影响

用手按摩法采集蓝狐精子和精清,并用同源精清和稀释液分别在不同稀释倍数下稀释同一份精液,测出此种条件下蓝狐精子的存活时间。统计分析表明,精清与稀释液处理的蓝狐精液差异显著(P <0 .0 5 ) ,精清不利于蓝狐精子的体外常温保存     

杜洛克和长白公猪精子活力与畸形率动态变化的研究

本文旨在研究杜洛克和长白公猪精液稀释后精子活力和畸形率的动态变化。实验选取杜洛克和长白公猪各20头,采集新鲜精液并使用BTS稀释液进行常规稀释,检测稀释后0~96 h 9个时间点精液精子活力和畸形率。结果表明:猪精液稀释0 h精子活力最高,随后逐渐降低,2个品种猪精液稀释72 h后,精子活力出现快速下降,精子畸形率显著升高(P0.05),杜洛克公猪精液稀释后72 h畸形率(11.1%)、84 h畸形率(13.1%)显著高于长白猪(10.6%、11.8%)(P0.05),这可能暗示长白猪精液的适宜保存时间要长于杜洛克,但考虑繁殖性能方面,两品种猪精液稀释后保存时间不应超过72 h为宜。     

鸡精液稀释液不同渗透压及稀释操作对孵化率的影响

为了优化稀释液及研发能在种鸡场推广的鸡精液稀释技术,试验在夏季(30℃左右)采用渗透压分别为344,290,272 m Osm/kg的YHFB稀释液,利用舍温预热稀释液,并按精液与稀释液1∶2的比例进行稀释后输精检测种蛋的孵化率,对稀释技术在种鸡场操作存在的问题进行分析等方法进行研究。结果表明:3个渗透压组以及对照组的受精率分别为0.74,0.77,0.72,0.76,受精蛋健雏率分别为0.91,0.90,0.92,0.95,入孵蛋健雏率分别为0.68,0.69,0.66,0.72,各组差异均不显著(P0.05)。各试验组母鸡群体较小,种蛋在30℃环境下储存集中孵化时极显著影响孵化率。其他条件相同,稀释技术操作者不同,稀释精液与原精输精,试验组与对照组鸡的受精率分别为0.88,0.91,且差异显著(P0.05),鸡胚存活率分别为0.80,0.87,且差异极显著(P0.01)。YHFB精液稀释液适应的渗透压范围较宽,对不同品种有很好的适应性,夏季高温采用舍温预热稀释液,实现等温稀释能简化鸡精液稀释技术。     

鸵鸟精液品质及精液低温保存条件的研究

测定鸵鸟精液生理指标 ,结果表明 ,鸵鸟的射精量为 0 1 7～ 2 0 3mL ,精液 pH6 7～7 3,精子密度为 1 5 7～ 48 0亿 /mL ,原精液精子畸形率 3 0 9%～ 1 3 3% ,精子活率范围0 78～ 0 92。对鸵鸟精液用不同稀释液稀释后低温保存效果比较研究 ,初步获得在 0～ 5℃时用改进MEM液作稀释液以 1∶2比例稀释后 ,精子在设计的条件下存活时间平均约 72h ,而相应原精液或 0 85 %NaCl液作 1∶2稀释的精液在同样条件下精子仅能存活约 2 4h     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.